Al-Farabi: biography. Intanda-njengomntwana onengqondo empumalanga

abaphengululi yamandulo Arab, eyashiya ilifa enkulu yenzululwazi kunye bokuyila, iziqu kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Mhlawumbi ezinye izimvo zabo iingqiqo zibonakala lixesha namhlanje, kodwa ngaxesha lithile bathumela abantu kwicala yenzululwazi kunye nemfundo. Enye yezi abaphengululi mkhulu Al-Farabi. ngobomi bakhe imvelaphi yayo kwisixeko Farab (ummandla yanamhlanje Kazakhstan) ngo-872.

Ubomi sobulumko enkulu

Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad Ibn Tarhan ibn Uzlag, esaziwa ehlabathini lonke njengoko Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, waphila ubomi obude, eshiya ngasemva imisebenzi emininzi bulumko, kwimathematika, ngeenkwenkwezi, umculo kunye nenzululwazi.

Ababephila ebizwa utitshala yesibini indoda enkulu leyo, ithetha ukuba uAristotle waba ngowokuqala. Biography Al-Farabi inika ulwazi oluncinane kakhulu, ekubeni ubomi zezenzululwazi akukho namnye owanikela ingqalelo oku, yaye zonke iinkcukacha ezikhoyo lwaqokelela kancinci kancinci emva kokuba isibini kwiinkulungwane emva kokufa kwakhe.

Yaziwa:

• Wazalwa kwi Farab ngo-870 (abanye bathi 872 g). Lidla isixeko enkulu kufuphi nendawo apho Syr Darya kunye Arys uxhulumeneyo. Kamva dolophu igama e Otrar, yaye namhlanje amanxuwa ayo kunokubonwa engasezantsi Kazakhstan kwisithili Otrar.
• UYise sobulumko elizayo kunye umphengululi wayehlonelwa kwi inkokeli yomkhosi yentsapho yamandulo eTurkey.
• Ngoxa umfana, Abu Nasr al-Farabi, ogama engobomi ayithethi malunga neminyaka bakhe ebuntwaneni, zibuye evela kwiziganeko zentlalo wachitha ixesha elininzi efunda imisebenzi Aristotle uPlato.
• Kuba ngoxa wayehlala eBukhara, Samarkand kunye Shash, apho wafunda waza wasebenza ngexesha elifanayo.
• Gqibezela ukuyilwa Al-Farabi (biography ubalisa ngayo ngokweenkcukacha) wagqiba e Baghdad. Ngelo xesha yayilikomkhulu Arab Caliphate kunye neziko yamasiko ezinkulu nezesayensi.
• Endleleni eya Baghdad, isazinzulu oselula, ogama izinga lolwazi ngexesha ingabizwa izixeko Encyclopedic kwaye batyelela ezifana Isfahan, Hamadan kunye Ray (Tehran yanamhlanje).
• Ukufika kwikomkhulu kunyaka 908, Al-Farabi (biography ayiniki idata ngqo ngaphezulu) ukufunda logic, amayeza, inzululwazi, isiGrike, kodwa yintoni kanye ootitshala ezingaziwayo.
• Ekubeni babehlala Baghdad ukuya kwiminyaka 932 ubudala, wemka kuyo, waba sele nzulu esidumileyo.

Ubomi eDamasko nodumo ngamazwe

Uhambise yaba negalelo kuphuhliso olungaphezulu kwetalente zefilosofi nezesayensi le ingcali yenzululwazi, kodwa phantse waziwa nto ubomi bakhe lobuqu ngelo xesha.

• Ngo-941, i-sobulumko bafudukela eDamasko, apho kungekho mntu uyaziyo into malunga naloo nto. Iminyaka yokuqala kwesi sixeko zazinzima kakhulu kuba kwakufuneka ukuba asebenze emyezweni, yaye ebusuku ukubhala azibhala yakhe.
• Ngelo xesha, Abu Nasir Al-Farabi (biography ayibonisi imihla ngqo) watyelela Aram, apho waba abakhusela Sayf al-Dawla Ali Hamdani, owanceda izazinzulu ezininzi kunye namagcisa ngayo ixesha.
• Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba 949, ISAZINZULU yena ubeseleseYiputa.
• Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini indlela wafa sobulumko enkulu. Eminye imithombo bathi ukuba wabulawa izinto zendalo eneminyaka engama-80, kwelinye - iqhekeziwe wabulawa wayesendleleni eya Askalan.

Kwakungenjalo akunakuthethwa malunga nomsebenzi wakhe ubomi Abu Nasr al-Farabi, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane ayilwamkeli sisonke bobukhulu bakhe.

Indlela yezenzululwazi ukufundisa

Ngoko ke amalungiselelo ingqondo Al-Farabi (biography akuthethi ngako) enokuthi sigubungele iinkalo zophando ezininzi zokufunda kunye nophuhliso. Wayezazi kakuhle ezininzi kakuhle yaziwa ngamaXesha Aphakathi kunye nenzululwazi bonke bephela waphumelela.

umsebenzi wakhe waqala nezifundo imisebenzi zo enkulu yamaGrike. Ukunika izimvo phezu kwabo, wazama ukuba bazise iingcinga zabo ngolwimi olulula kuluhlu olubanzi lwabantu. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yoko kwafuneka ukuvakalisa konke oko ngawakho amazwi akho. Enye indlela yenzululwazi, nesetyenziswa Al-Farabi - ucalulo azibhala omkhulu yamandulo kunye nesishwankathelo eneenkcukacha imixholo yazo. Yiyiphi na kumiselwa yi-ngqangi apho nzulu Arabic iingxelo zabo, nto leyo ke kalukhuni zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu:

• ukuhlaziya ixesha elide, nto leyo yayisekelwe kwingxelo esi silumko yamandulo kunye inkcazelo eneenkcukacha malunga nokuthe umbhali afuna ukuyithetha. Lo msebenzi wenziwe kwisahluko ngasinye okanye icandelo le-mbhalo.
• izimvo Middle, ezo kuphela isivakalisi lokuqala yokuqala, nabo bonke abanye Zicaciswa Al-Farabi. Biography of sisazinzulu akuthethi azibonisi undoqo kulo msebenzi.
• A izimvo emfutshane nga ngokuba ntetho imisebenzi yamandulo egameni lakhe. Kulo mzekelo, Al-Farabi bakwazi ukudibanisa imisebenzi eziliqela Aristotle kunye uPlato, ukuze abonise abafundi intsingiselo bulumko lwabo.

Study and izimvo ngale misebenzi kungekuphela ukukhuthaza kubo kwinginginya ezibanzi abantu, kodwa kwakhona indlela wacinga umphengululi Arab ukuze iwamkele ngakumbi kule mibuzo bulumko.

Igalelo kuphuhliso yesayensi

Enkosi kwi Al-Farabi Kazakh University National wawuqalayo indlela entsha yophuhliso ubugcisa nenzululwazi ye ixesha. Edume ngokuba umsebenzi wakhe iinkalo ezifana bulumko, umculo, iinkwenkwezi, imathematika, logic, zenzululwazi zendalo, philology kunye nabanye. imisebenzi yakhe lwezesayensi nefuthe ngabaphengululi ezifana Ibn Sina, Ibn Baja, Ibn Rushd kunye nabanye. Okwangoku, kukho malunga 130 imisebenzi sisazinzulu, yaye nguye nombutho kunye nokusekwa ithala leencwadi Otrar.

Biography of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University in Russian ibonisa ukuba akwazi ukufunda aze izimvo phantse yonke imisebenzi Aristotle, kwakunye zo ezifana nguPtolemy ( "Almagest"), Alexander Afrodeziysky ( "umphefumlo") kunye Euclid ( "Geometry)". Nangona ezinde zamandulo zamaGrike nempembelelo uphuhliso ingcamango bulumko kunye lwenzululwazi Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, inkoliso yemisebenzi yakhe - uphando yakhe ingqondo kunye namava ngokoqobo.

Iintengiselwano bulumko ye-Al-Farabi

Wonke umsebenzi lwenzululwazi umphengululi Arab lungohlulwa lube iintlobo:

• imisebenzi ngokubanzi bulumko nikela imithetho iphela, iimpawu zazo kunye neendidi.
• Iinkqubo, eyayisingethe iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu kunye neendlela lokwazi ihlabathi.
• Azibhala ngalo mbandela, ukufunda iimpahla zazo, kwakunye iindidi ezifana ixesha kunye nendawo. Ezi ziquka umsebenzi ngezibalo, geometry kunye neenkwenkwezi.
• imisebenzi Ezikhethiweyo (Biography Al-Farabi wawukhankanya) ezinikelwe iintlobo neempawu endalo kunye nemithetho yayo. Oku kubandakanya umsebenzi ngemisebenzi yabantu eziphilayo, physics, chemistry, amayeza kunye yokukhanya.
• ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe nzulu ukufunda inkqubo yentlalo nopolitiko, imiba yokuziphatha kunye nemfundo, imfundo, ulawulo kunye neendlela zokuziphatha.

Iminyaka 80 yobomi ka-Al-Farabi ushiye ilifa elikhulu ngaphambi kwexesha layo ngeendlela ezininzi. akunjalo Uyekile ukuba afanelekileyo kwaye isebenza ngexesha lethu.

Isiseko wobomi njengoko iimfundiso Al-Farabi

Le Isazinzulu enkulu wazibeka iziseko bulumko mihla, njengako apho yonke into ekhoyo ehlabathini yahlulwe izigaba 6, ezinxulumene ubuhlobo unobangela nefuthe:

• Inqanaba lokuqala - i ingcambu unobangela ukubonakala zonke izinto, kutheni kwaye ngubani lona.
• Okwesibini - kuphela imbonakalo.
• Isigaba sesithathu - iyasebenza kwaye kuphuhliso engqondweni.
• Okwesine - umphefumlo.
• Elesihlanu Isigaba - iphetshana.
• Yesithandathu - kubalulekile.

La manyathelo asisiseko yonke into esijikeleza umntu-nzulu iyahlula zibe iintlobo-2:

• Izinto kunye neemeko apho wathi, "mhlawumbi kuzizisa yokuba", ngokuba indalo yabo akusoloko kubangelwa imfuneko yobukho bawo.
• Okwesibini, phezu koko, soloko zikhona bebodwa kwaye zibizwa ngokuba 'kuyimfuneko ukuba ayizise yokuba. "

ingcambu Unobangela zonke al-Farabi (biography elifutshane kunye nolwazi kunye nemisebenzi yakhe ibonisa oku) ekuthiwa nguThixo, njengokuba kuphela yena nokuphelela semvelo kunye nokwahluka, ngoxa abanye amabakala amaninzi.

Isizathu sesibini - na ukuvela langa kunye nezinye imizimba yasezulwini, abo ngokwemvelo yabo yahlukile iintlobo ezisentlabathini. Inyathelo lesithathu Al-Farabi kuchaziwe kwicandelo lookhetshe cosmic ukuba usikhathalele zasendle kwaye ufuna ukuzisa ihlabathi bafezeke.

nezigaba 3 ezidibene ihlabathi lethu, kwaye nzulu unikele ingqalelo kakhulu. Kwakhe imisebenzi kaThixo ezenzeka ehlabathini eziphathekayo, ngako oko kuthintele ungenelelo yayo kubomi babantu, ngokubanika inkululeko kwaloo myolelo. Wakwazi lokuvuma amandla mba, emnika ngonaphakade.

Ukuzalana uhlobo lwesicatshulwa kunye

A lot of ingqalelo ehlawulwa ubudlelwane zemfundo ifomu kunye mbandela. Umzekelo, oko kunika utoliko ifomu njengoko ukuthembakala isakhiwo kunye umcimbi - njengoko umongo kunye isiseko izinto zonke. Yaba nguye lowo wabonisa ukuba lunokubakho kuphela ifomu ngenxa yobukho mba kwaye akanakuba ngaphandle komzimba. Matter, nayo - le zeendawana, ekufuneka izaliswe isiqulatho (ifom). Le umphengululi enkulu ubhala umsebenzi wakhe 'On mba kunye nefom "yaye" umbhalo kwi izimvo abahlali besixeko onesidima. "

unkulunkulu

Ulwalamano noThixo Al-Farabi yaba kunokuba lwenzululwazi kunokuba zonqulo. Abalandeli abaninzi iimfundiso, yaye emva koko iinkokeli zonqulo Arab, akhanyele ukuba ndandingumSilamsi oyinyaniso, chtivshim izithethe Islam. Kodwa ke imisebenzi isilumko bathi wazama ukumazi uThixo, musa sikholelwe kuyo.

Yiloo nto ke bafunda eli nqanaba wangcwatywa ngaphandle nxaxheba abefundisi kumngcelele. nesibindi kakhulu iingxelo Al-Farabi malunga isakhiwo yehlabathi kunye nezinto zonke.

Imfundiso abathandwayo isixeko akarhulumente

A lot of ingqalelo ihlawulwe kwiinkalo zenzululwazi zobomi, ezifana ulonwabo, ukuziphatha, imfazwe kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente. Them wanikezela imisebenzi enjalo:

• "Imbali kwi ekufuneni ulonwabo";
• "Iindlela Zokwenza Intsapho Yakho Yonwabe";
• "Imbali on imfazwe kunye noxolo";
• "Imbali phezu iimbono zabahlali isixeko onesidima";
• "Civil Politics";
• "Imbali kwi isifundo oluntu";
• "Le isimilo onesidima."

Bonke kuchaphazela ebalulekileyo ngexesha imiba ekhohlaleleyo kumaXesha Aphakathi, njengoko uthando kummelwane wakhe, ukuziphatha okubi imfazwe nomnqweno yabantu Kungokwemvelo ulonwabo.

Ukuba ngaba udibanisa ezi zenzo, kunokwenzeka ukuba bafikelele kwisigqibo kususela kwintanda-umbhali, abantu kufuneka bahlale ehlabathini ukulunga nobulungisa, ukulwela uphuhliso ngokomoya kunye nemfundo zenzululwazi. Weza kunye umzi apho ulawulo kuba phantsi kweliso izilumko kunye zobulumko, nabemi bayo wenze okulungileyo igwetywe engendawo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kuluntu efanelekileyo, umbhali uchaza isixeko, obulawulwa ngumona, umnqweno ubutyebi kunye nokunqongophala ngokomoya. Kuba ngexesha layo kwakunzima izimvo ngenkalipho yezopolitiko kunye yokuziphatha.

ngomculo

Ukuba unekhono yonke, al-Farabi (biography ulwimi Kazakh iyakungqina oku) ndachitha ixesha elininzi musicology. Ngoko ke, wanika ingqiqo izandi zomculo, chaza uhlobo babo bafunda kwezinye izigaba neziqalelo iqhekeza umculo yakhiwa.

Kwaba uphando nokubhala umculo ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha. Watshayelela abanye abantu umculo basempumalanga, eshiya ngasemva amaphecana "igama umculo" kunye "Ngomhla lucalulo isingqisho." Ngokungafaniyo isikolo Pythagoreans, ezindlebeni yaba kuyo ayibalulekanga ukwahlula izandi, kodwa ubukhulu becala kubalo unguye Al-Farabi wayekholelwa ukuba udaba ikuvumela uchaze izandi ukuhlanganisa kubo neyakhe.

Theory of ulwazi

Enye imiba ebalulekileyo imisebenzi Inzululwazi ukuba hlola kudidi ezifana uhlobo ingqondo kwingqiqo. Uthi, apho kwakukho ulwazi malunga ulwalamano lwabo nenyani ngayo umntu uyasibona yokwenene. Umzekelo, uhlobo Al-Farabi Kazakh University yesiZwe into ukufunda, ekubeni ukufumana bonke abantu ukwazi ngaphandle, ebukele ihlabathi kuhamba. Ukuthelekisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo izinto ezinzulu, nokuhlalutya kubo, omnye zuza ukuqonda.

Oku yindlela inzululwazi iye yakhokelela ekubeni abantu yokuqonda olujongwayo lubonwe. Yena othetha umphefumlo womntu lwamandla, oko kukuthi, lo isixhobo komphefumlo wakhe, ngendlela abantu bebona amavumba, ukwahlula imibala uze uzive ezahlukeneyo iimvakalelo. Le profound kakhulu kwimisebenzi umxholo, kuquka "Isiseko yobulumko" apho umbhali wasikhangela iindidi ezifana azithandayo nangazithandiyo, ngokunjalo izinto zabo.

Logic njengendlela ulwazi

Le Isazinzulu waphulaphula kakhulu kule isayensi logic. Kokukuqwalasela oku abe yinqobo bengqondo, ubukho leyo yanceda abantu kuligweba inyaniso azosilanda ngokomfuniselo. Logic Art of Al-Farabi Kazakh University yeSizwe - yeyona ukukwazi ukwahlula lobuxoki iindidi okwenyaniso usebenzisa ubungqina obubonisa ukuba ayikho kwaphela awayedla mfundiso zonqulo neenkolelo.

Izazinzulu East kunye namanye amazwe ziye inkxaso umsebenzi wakhe 'Intshayelelo Logic "yaye" imbali yentshayelelo kwi logic. " Logic - sisixhobo apho abantu bafumane ulwazi leyinene. Ngoko ndacinga ukuba sisazinzulu enkulu.

Ukukhunjulwa sisazinzulu enkulu

Kule mihla, hayi kuphela Arabhu, kodwa ihlabathi lonke zenzululwazi imbeko kwisikhumbuzo le ndoda omkhulu. Umzekelo, kukho ngobomi Al-Farabi Kazakh wayitshabalalisa ezitalatweni izixeko kunye neeyunivesithi banikwa amagama. E Almaty, Turkestan kunye ezikhumbuzo, yaye ngo-1975 waba ngokubanzi yabhiyozelwa kunyaka engama 1100th ka-Al-Farabi wazalwa. Biography (kazaksha) oko nokudlulisela zonke ubukhulu lo mntu ubulumko.