Akaluyeki njani? unyawo kwabantu komzimba ithambo

Unyawo iquka inxalenye esezantsi mlenze asezantsi. Enye emacaleni aso, lowo ithe yahlangana kumphezulu emgangathweni, ubizwa ngokuba kuphela, kwaye esahlukileyo, lelingaphezulu - umva. A isakhiwo, ilastiki irubhrikhi kunye khaxa amanqugwala phezulu kuye ayeke. Nokwakheka le milo kwenza ukuba ikwazi ukusasaza womxhuzulane, ukunciphisa uyothuka xa ehamba, ukuziqhelanisa nezitenxo, ukuphumeza iqinelwa anencasa nokuma ilastiki.

Iqhuba umsebenzi axhasayo, ethwele ubunzima yonke lomntu kunye ngokudibene kwezinye iinxalenye unyawo ihambisa umzimba esithubeni.

amathambo unyawo

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, iinyawo zabantu ibekwe ikota onke amathambo yomzimba wakhe. Ngenxa yoko, unyawo kukho amathambo ezingamashumi amabini anesithandathu. amaxesha kuyenzeka ukuba usana sele ngaphezu amathambo ezimbalwa. Zibizwa iyavumelana kwaye zikholisa ukungabi inkathazo kumniniyo.

Ukuba thambo umonakalo yonke indlela unyawo ahlupheke. komzimba ithambo unyawo lomntu iqulathe amaqela amathathu: eTarso, metatarsus neminwe.

Icandelo lokuqala iqulathe amathambo ezisixhenxe, leyo zicwangciswe kwimiqolo emibini: umva nto ndiyibhalayo talus kunye calcaneus, kwaye phambi - kwe navicular, cuboid, ezintathu nesinqumka.

Ngamnye kubo amalungu leyo ukudibanisa kunye.

Anatomy of the intende yonyawo iquka metatarsus, equka amathambo ezintlanu mfutshane tubular. Ngamnye kubo isiseko, intloko kunye nomzimba.

Zonke iminwe, ngaphandle nasesithupheni, kufuneka phalanges ezintathu (amakhulu amabini). Bonke bephela kukuncwina ngokubonakalayo, naphezu Ucikicane phalange phakathi abantu abaninzi zidibana kunye isikhonkwane.

amalunga unyawo

komzimba joint imelwe amathambo amabini okanye ezihambelanayo ngaphezulu. Ukuba ugula, ngoko kukho intlungu kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwabo, bendingayi kuba umzimba nako ukuhamba, kuba ebulela amalungu amathambo Ungatshintsha indawo kuthelekiswa omnye komnye.

Ngokumalunga kwisihloko yethu lesiquluba umdla ezakhiwe ngayo yonyawo, kwaye elifeza inxulumanisa umzantsi womlenze kunye unyawo. It has ifomu ginglymoid. Ukuba umonakalo ohambayo, ngaphantsi kakhulu nokubaleka kuya kubangela eninzi iintlungu. Ngoko ke, umntu uqala ukujingxela, bethwele ubunzima iphambili kumlenze owenzakeleyo. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni ubuchwephetshe bokuba imilenze ezimbini kwaphulwa.

Enye ingqalelo kule domain, joint subtalar luqokelelane ukusuka kumphezulu elingasemva uqhagamshelwano isithende kumphezulu elingasemva talus. Xa ujikelezo kakhulu unyawo kumacala ahlukeneyo ngeke isebenze kakuhle.

Kodwa Iverhe-navicular zithi, ukusa kumkhamo othile, ukubuyisela le ngxaki, ingakumbi ukuba kokwexeshana. Ekugqibeleni, Noko ke, oko kusenokuba zophendlo lwezifo.

iintlungu ezimandundu, nto leyo ukuthwala indalo ixesha elide, kwenzeka kwamalungu metatarsophalangeal. Uxinzelelo inkulu iwela yokuhlasela proximal ze ubhontsi. Ngoko ke, oko ke ivame kakhulu ngezifo kunokwenzeka - samathambo, sifo, kunye nezinye izinto.

Ngelo unyawo nezinye amalungu. Noko ke, ngaba ezine unokuchatshazelwa kakhulu, njengoko nefuthe elikhulu xa ehamba.

Imisipha namalungu senyawo

Le nxalenye komzimba amelwe izihlunu elinethoba ezahlukeneyo, ngenxa impefumlelwano apho unyawo ungahambisa. Overvoltage okanye, phezu koko, baswele kubonakala kubo ngenxa ukukwazi ukutshintsha indawo kwamathambo kunye imisipha, yaye benze le omzimba. Kwelinye icala, ukuba amathambo ukuba kukho into engalunganga, ngokuqinisekileyo oko kuya kuchaphazela izihlunu yonyawo.

Anatomy of kwesebe yenziwa plantar kunye nomlenze kwizihlunu.

Ngenxa enyawo yokuqala ihamba. Izihlunu ibekwe kumacala ahlukeneyo, inceda ukugcina neengqameko longitudinal and enqamlezileyo.

Le njongo ke wakhonza, kunye nezihlunu bembande, imisipha ziqhotyoshelwe amathambo unyawo. Olu ngaphambili ngomva tibial, peroneal elide. Ukususela amathambo umlenze zivela abo unbend, bagobe iinzwane. Kubalulekile ukuba izihlunu yolulekile umlenze kunye ngonyawo. Anatomy of ngexesha lokugqibela liya ngcono bavakalisa kunokuba xa urhulumente rhoqo bekhululekile, njengoko kungenjalo unyawo nga mcaba, ekhokelela iinyawo flat.

Imisipha kunye nemisipha

Izihlunu zincamathele amathambo ngokusebenzisa imisipha, ezo phambili yabo. Ba ixesha elide, bhetyebhetye kunye nokukhanya. Xa kuzolula izihlunu nomkhosi umda luyasuka kuye imicu, ongaba asha ukuba usasolulile ngokugqithiseleyo.

Nemisipha ke izicwili bhetyebhetye, kodwa inelastic. Bona ibekwe ngeenxa entlanganweni, ayigcine connecting amathambo. Phezu nempembelelo umnwe, umzekelo, ukuba zibangelwa yi nokudumba bulukwe okanye neqwengiweyo lungu.

intlala

Intlala iquka iziphelo amathambo kwindawo isiza ngokuhlangeneyo. Uyakwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo le nto emhlophe phezu iziphelo amathambo chicken umlenze - oku ke intlala.

Ngenxa kuye, imiphezulu ithambo babe imbonakalo egudileyo. Ngaphandle intlala, bendingayi kuba umzimba nako ukuhamba kakuhle amathambo kufuneka ibe nxamnye kwezinye zaye iyagquma. Ukongeza, ukuba buhlungu eyoyikekayo ngenxa yokukrala babo njalo.

kwegazi

Ngeenyawo, kukho Umthambo amaphiko kunye tibial ngomva. Kuyinto kwemithambo ophambili, nto leyo efuziselwa ngeenyawo. Anatomy of the inkqubo yokujikeleza nako zimelwe imithambo amancinane ukuba adlulisele igazi ngoko kuzo zonke izihlunu. Ngezwi ngokubonelela oxygen kuvela iingxaki ezinzulu. Ezi imithambo zisuswa intliziyo kakhulu. Ngoko ke, iingxaki ukujikeleziswa kwenzeka ikakhulu kwezo ndawo. Oku luboniswe yegazi kunye kwemithambo yegazi.

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba imithambo igazi entliziyweni. Lide kubo ebanjwe yi ubhontsi kumphezulu engaphakathi iphela imilenze. Libizwa ngokuba Kusenjalo enkulu saphenous. Ngaphandle abaphumelela ezincinane saphenous. SobuKristu kunye tibial ngomva ibekwe nzulu. ngemithambo Small axakekile kuqokelela igazi imilenze waphambela ukuba ezinkulu. imithambo Small Igcwele kwezihlunu igazi. A emithanjeni kwemithambo ezinxulumene ngemithambo.

Le mifanekiso isibonisa ukuba okukhona yonyawo. Photo kwakhona ubonisa indawo kwemithambo yegazi.

Abo abanengxaki kwegazi, badla ezikhala ukubonakala, ehleliyo ekufukukeni apho kwemini, ingakumbi xa ixesha elininzi lichithwe kwi iinyawo okanye emva nohambo. Kudla kukho isifo ezifana emithanjeni varicose.

Xa imilenze yakho kukho utshintsho umbala kunye lobushushu eluswini, kwakunye langoku, ehleliyo ekufukukeni apho, kuba imiqondiso ecacileyo ukuba umntu unengxaki nokuhamba kwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, lo uphethwe kufuneka kuyo nayiphi na imeko ubeke abanobungcali lowo kufuneka ukulungisa xa sibona ezi mpawu zingentla.

izanya

Imithambo idlulisela yonke iminqweno kulawulo kwengqondo kwezihlunu. Umsebenzi ofanayo yi ukubanqanda. Anatomy of kula maqumrhu linikwa kwi kulo ntlobo ezine: i tibial ngomva, peroneal nzulu, peroneal phezulu nemithambo sural.

Isifo kule nxalenye imilenze ezinokubangelwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu mechanical. Nerve ucinezelo unako, umzekelo, izihlangu olusondeleyo, ebangela livela nokudumba. Oku kuya kukhokelela nzima, antsi, iintlungu okanye imvakalelo engaqhelekanga kabi.

imisebenzi

Xa wafunda owakhiwe yonyawo, isakhiwo amanye amalungu ayo, ungaya ngqo nemisebenzi yayo.

1. Ngenxa ukuhamba kwayo, umntu ngokulula ukuzivumelanisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo apho uhamba. Kungenjalo, bekuya kuba nzima ukuyenza, aze yena ziwile.

2. Umzimba inga siwa kumacala ahlukeneyo: phambili, emacaleni kunye umva.

3. Uninzi umthwalo ifunxwe ngulo inxalenye ethile yalo umlenze. Kungenjalo, ubuya udale ingcinezelo kakhulu kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, kwaye xa lilonke.

Ezi zifo zixhaphakileyo

izifo ezifana iinyawo caba unako ukuqulunqa xa ukuphila umzimba. Kuyinto ezinqamlezayo kunye longitudinal.

Kwimeko yokuqala kubhaliwe atshabalalisa transversal arch kunye forefoot isekelwe phezu kweentloko amathambo amadeo (ngokwaseburhulumenteni eqhelekileyo, kufuneka zisekelwe kuphela ngosuku lokuqala kunye eyesihlanu). Kwimeko yesibini atshabalalisa, ngokulandelelana, arch longitudinal, ngenxa kuyo yonke intende ke wadibana kumphezulu. Kulo sifo, imilenze ndidiniwe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu yaye waziva neentlungu ezinyaweni zakhe.

Enye sifo exhaphakileyo osteoarthritis welungu neqatha. Kulo mzekelo, kukho intlungu, ukudumba, kwaye kwemeko kule ndawo. Uphuhliso sifo umonakalo intlala, nto leyo inokukhokelela ukukhubazeka ngokudibeneyo.

Akukho iinzwane azixhaphakanga samathambo. Kule meko kukho ukuphazamiseka nokuhamba kwegazi kunye neenkqubo yokucolwa kwamalunga metatarsophalangeal. Iimpawu zesi sifo - ukuba buhlungu xa uhambisa, egramza, umnwe ukudumba, yaye unako kuphazanyiswe ezakhiwe ngayo iminwe yonyawo (deformation).

Abantu abaninzi abazi wazibonela yintoni esigingqini emazantsi ubhontsi. Imeko yempilo lwaseburhulumenteni ekuthiwa nesilima hallux, xa intloko uhamba amathambo phalangeal. Kulo mzekelo, izihlunu isiya iphela kunye nobhontsi baqalisa ukwayama ukuya elunyaweni kwezinye kunye zikhubazekile.

Le nxalenye komzimba alo mlenze ongezantsi ubonisa ukubaluleka kwayo ukohluka kwaye zisebenza. Ufundo isakhiwo unyawo kwenza ngakumbi kuhle ukuba isimo sakhe, ukunqanda izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.