Abameli clove yosapho. Usapho clove: iimpawu kunye nenkcazelo

Abameli iintsapho Caryophyllaceae (Caryophyllaceae) zifumaneka phantse kuzo zonke iimbombo zomhlaba. Lima izityalo ezifana kuquka kwilizwe lethu. Emahlathini kwaye kumathafa Russia ingafumaneka yokozela ehlathini, Silene dioica, robin nasemiqhokrweni yeengxondorha, njl Kakade ke, clove - .. Family, ogama amalungu basoloko ikhule kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezisezidolophini. Asetyenziswe ngayo amasimi nemiyezo, kodwa ubukhulu becala njengoko izityalo zokuhomba.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Ezona mpawu ziphambili olwahlula onke amalungu clove entsatsheni:

• guys malunga amagqabi;

• iintyatyambo bunjalo zibe zinamaqhina Corolla;

• owomileyo, kuhlobo oluthile ibhokisi, isiqhamo-tsenokarpy;

• imbewu ezincinane sofele egudileyo.

Clove - intsapho kuquka kwisizukulwana 86 kunye neentlobo malunga 2000.

ukwanda

Ezi zityalo zikhula kwi kumazwekazi bomhlaba edyokhweni. Inkoliso yabo zifumaneka kwiMpuma Central Asia, kwakunye nakumazwe lweMeditera kulo. Zonke iintlobo nabameli clove zifumaneka emahlathini kwaye emaqeleni, intlango nenamathafa. Enye iintlobo kule ntsapho - zvezchatka nezinambuzane - nokuba sele kufunyenwe phezulu ezintabeni (6000 m).

Ubume wentyatyambo

Usapho clove, hayi kanye mandithi, abameli balo bahluka bangabacimi zabo ezinamagqabi ezintlanu okanye ezine. Stamens kulo ngalunye kuzo ngokuqhelekileyo ngu 8-10. Bona akhiwe imijikelo emibini iiPC 4-5. Yamaqanda imbali kunye ezininzi syamezachatkami phezulu kwindlwane nganye. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iintyatyambo ngamalungu protandrichny clove usapho. Oko kukuthi, umungu kubo obegalelwe abaqolileyo ngaphambili ngaphezu ibala.

Incindi evela iintyatyambo zidla ebemaninzi. Bona ezimvumvuzelwa ziinyosi, amabhabhathane, njalo njalo. D. Ukumila neentyatyambo clove usapho kwiimeko ezininzi zaye, kwaye ke ngoko ezizodwa ngenxa uvuvuzelo ezinye izinambuzane ezithile.

ngezigaba

Yonke inkqubo F. iibheji clove na kwahlulwa ibe subfamilies ezinkulu ezintathu:

• paronihievye;

• smolevkovye;

• alsinovye.

Basenokuba zinokwahluka ukungabikho okanye ubukho stipules okanye isakhiwo intyatyambo.

usapho Clove: ezirheshayo kuqoqosho lwesizwe

Clove zingasetyenziswa:

• njengoko izityalo zokuhomba;

• imithi esemthethweni ongaqhelekanga kunye;

• njengoko azithathi nesepha;

• njengoko ukutya yemfuyo.

Clove - usapho, ebandakanya kuquka ukhula, leyo kufuneka ulwe ngokulinywa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo zolimo kunye zokuhomba. Lukhona kwi iintlobo zasendle kwaye zinetyhefu of Caryophyllaceae.

Usapho clove: abameli uxabiseke zokuhombisa

iintlobo ezininzi usapho Caryophyllaceae e amasimi nemiyezo ezikhuliswa ixesha elide. Le clove kakhulu ethandwa zokuhombisa angaquka, umzekelo, le kwisizukulwana kunye Saponaria campion. rhoqo kakhulu kwiindawo zokuhlala ezisezidolophini kunokubonwa minuartia ezintle gerbils.

Soapwort (Saponaria): inkcazo jikelele

Eyona iphambili kuzenza ezi nabalulamileyo kunye nomgangatho kunokuba high zokuhombisa. Uninzi mylnyanok, ngokuba ezi izityalo compact, yenyuka ezindulini Alpine. Saponaria Uhlanga iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-30 ezahlukeneyo.

Saponaria officinalis de kutshanje zinokubonakala phantse onke amasimi nemiyezo. Namhlanje ke isityalo yentsapho clove ezilahlekileyo ezinye yokuthandwa kwayo. yonke Ingongoma kukuba layo awongezelelekileyo okufumana luzimisele. Lo mqobo inkcubeko nokuhombisa (kunye neziyobisi) phantse ngokukhawuleza, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ngokukhawuleza kakhulu iba ukhula.

Ummeli ithandwayo olu hlobo namhlanje yenye saponaria - bazilikolistnaya. Endle, isityalo sikhula ikakhulu ezintabeni Western Europe. Amahlumelo saponaria Iifom bazilikolistnaya Lodge kunye umbala neentyatyambo i pink eliqaqambileyo. Ukuze ukuthatha unonophelo esi sityalo, ngokunjalo onke amalungu sodidi, kulula kakhulu. Noko ke, ukuze kulondolozwe bazilikolistnuyu compactness mylnjanki efunekayo emva kwakhona eneentyatyambo (emva ihlobo) zisikwe lesithathu ukuphakama.

amaninzi kakhulu amasimi nemiyezo beelori Russian lungabonakala turfy mylnjanki. Ekhaya kule iintlobo zasePyrenees. Flowers kule compact (5-6 cm), izityalo kufuneka ngombala omhle kakhulu ezipinki.

Zonke mylnjanki ingentla ukukhula kwindawo enye kwiminyaka emininzi. Nayiphi ukulungiselela olukhethekeliyo komhlaba, ezi zityalo musa ukuba. Nangona kunjalo, indawo phantsi kwazo kufuneka ukhethe sunny, ophezulu. Kungamnandi kakhulu amalungiselelo ebhedini kunye nokutsalwa.

Campion (Silene): iimpawu ezikhethekileyo

Kwakhona athandwa kakhulu phakathi abanini zasehlotyeni nemiqolomba uhlanga clove, kunye neentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-400. Campion wasebenzisa ikakhulu iibhedi ezincinane iintyatyambo rockery. Ilungu uqhelekileyo zibe yi Silene lolwandle. Le izityalo kunokuba ephantsi (ukuya kuma-25 cm) yenza idolo elukhukweni okanye oluhlaza-ezingwevu umdla gqitha yaye ezintle "umqamelo." Campion esezansi phantse yonke nolwandle ehlotyeni. Iintlobo kunye neentlobo ukuze kude liboniswe kancinane. uyakwazi ukukhetha iintlobo ngeentyatyambo ezimhlophe okanye pink ukuze igadi yakho.

Silene Alpine - wamana ilungu ezithandwayo sodidi - iifomu friable "umqamelo" ukuya ku-20 cm intle ngakumbi kucingwa uhlobo ngeentyatyambo double uhlaza .. Kwakhona ngamanye amaxesha begadi ezilinywa kwiindawo ezisezidolophini ukongezwa campion acaulescent yayo, Argos, kunye nefomu kantzinskogo.

Inkcazelo clove Campion (Lychnis)

Le uhlanga eqhelekileyo kwakhona iyahluka iimpawu kakhulu phezulu zokuhombisa. Oku kuquka a iintlobo-35, kodwa ethandwa kakhulu abameli balo Campion Arkwright kunye isithsaba. Ityholo lokuqala iyinxalenye nomphakamo indawo ka 35-40 cm emehlweni begadi iintyatyambo-orenji-red injezu, ubukhulu kabani na ukuya ku-3 cm.

Campion isithsaba - oku sisityalo herbaceous lentsapho Caryophyllaceae, ukukwazi ukuba ikhule kwimihlaba engazaliyo. Ngelo ukuphakama kwayo nga ukufikelela 45-90 cm. Umbala iintyatyambo kolu hlobo Campion ummeli ingaba mhlophe okanye pink.

Gerbils (Arenaria) kunye minuartia (Minuartia)

Abameli zezi kwisizukulwana ezifanayo kakhulu omnye komnye. Ngokomkhamo ukuba wayedla kwengqondo kunye nabanye. Ethandwa kakhulu ke dakasa intaba. Le isityalo ukufikelela-10 cm ubude kwaye ukuba akhule ukuya ku-50 cm ububanzi. Flowers kwi dakasa entabeni emhlophe, enkulu.

Avamise kakhulu minuartia mozhzhevelolistnaya. Esi sityalo entle ifikelele kubude cm-15 kuphela yinkulu ukhangeleka isilimo esisodwa, okanye zidityaniswe kunye nezinye izityalo zokuhomba, umz, carnation okanye kumila zasezintabeni. Yokudubula e racemes minuartia mozhzhevelolistnoy, kunye namagqabi etsolo.

uhlobo imithi

Clove - usapho, uninzi lwabo Ungasebenzisa kuquka ngo abantu kunye namayeza esemthethweni. Okokuqala zonke izityalo ezifana:

• Kolyuchelistnik.

• Gryzhnik ezigudileyo.

• Amalungu sodidi Gypsophila.

Isetyenziswa okuphilisa zonke iintlobo zezifo, ezi zityalo ngenxa umxholo omkhulu ezintweni zabo physiologically izinto ezisebenzayo: sezakhi, flavonoids, iivithamini, saponins, neeoli ezixabisekileyo kunye asidi organic.

Kolyuchelistnik (Acanthophyllum): Inkcazo

clove Family nezimo ezahlukileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo iimeko zokusingqongileyo. Khula abameli babo kuquka emazantsi eentaba. Kuba phezu iindawo eziphakamileyo inokufumaneka kolyuchelistnik amayeza. A isici esasenza lo sityalo nokungabikho esiqwini. Leaves Acanthophyllum notched, inameva macala omabini, abayiqokeleleyo iplagi (40-50 cm ubukhulu). Xa eliphakathi yokugqibela esisengobozini yokudubula ezantsi yayo iintyatyambo tubular apha.

Xa ichiza emalifakwe ziyindlela nje iingcambu inyama kolyuchelistnika. Kuzo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-oyile ezibalulekileyo, tannins, insulin, into emnandi. Nokubandakanywa linokwenziwa unyango kolyuchelistnika helminthiasis (izilwanyana), ukuchithwa chiriev njengoko umchamo kunye nearhente anti-ukudumba.

Gryzhnik egudileyo ukuba isityalo?

Le angehli groundcover kwakhona zifakwe usapho clove. Amafoto kuyabonakala ngezantsi. izilwanyana yayo onombala zinti wambu ngokupheleleyo kunye amagqabi ezincinane okweqanda, kwi axils leyo waqokelela iibhola iintyatyambo yellow ezincinane. Endle, herniaria glabra ukhula kakhulu emadlelweni, kwintlango enamatye kunye roadsides.

infusions eziluncedo kunye decoctions womfuno ofana oku kungenzeka ukukhohlela, nenyongo, izifo lwesinye kunye nezintso. Nazo kananjalo zisetyenziswe iibhate amanxeba ezimbi uliqinise.

Rhode Gypsophila

Elinye igama le uhlobo - impefumlo yosana. Oku sisityalo eliqhelekileyo kakhulu lentsapho Caryophyllaceae. Ngoku, kukho malunga 150 iintlobo kuzenza. Kodwa ke, asingabo bonke bephela amayeza. Amaninzi, ukuze okuphilisa zonke iintlobo zezifo ezisetyenziswayo Gypsophila paniculata. It sisityalo herbaceous ongatshiyo kunye rhizomes elide kunye Isiqu yegqabi onamaqhakuva. Endle, Gypsophila paniculata lukhula Western eSiberia, Central Asia yaye inxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya. iinxalenye zayo eluhlaza zingasetyenziswa elwa, iintlungu, isisu okanye emetic. Kwakhona, nokuhlanganiswa le imifuno isoloko isetyenziselwa iintlungu kwindawo esibindini.

ukhula

Ukongeza entsonkothileyo zokwanda iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo yezolimo kunye kwimiyezo ezininzi amalungu entsapho Caryophyllaceae. Kodwa ukhula kakhulu iyingozi na chickweed, okanye iinkuni yintwala ke leyo. Umjikelo wobomi isityalo iintsuku ezingama-40 kuphela. Kwaye njalo kuba ixesha, lingenza ukuya kwizizukulwana-3. Inxalenye esezantsi kwezikhondo woodlice, kwaye kulula ukuba siwe izithole overwinter kwaye sikhule kwentwasahlobo nangoko emva linyibilike ikhephu. Imbewu emva kweentyatyambo, isityalo ngamnye ukuvelisa ukuya ku-25 amawaka. Ngelo xesha linye kugcina ukuntshula ukuya kwiminyaka-8.

clove esinetyhefu

Izityalo idumileyo yelo qela, Ngumbona-cockle. Oku ukhula eliqhelekileyo unalo taproot elide. Le isiphunzi ngokwaneleyo phezulu (ukuya kwi-1 m), nodose, branched kancinane. Amagqabi zimxinwa kwaye zitsolile cockle, neentyantyambo - single nemfusa-ebomvu. ubunzima Green kwisityalo akukho ingozi kwimpilo yoluntu kunye nezilwanyana ayikho. Xa imbewu oonopopi enetyhefu.

zengca ezidla

Kwi basike amadlelo kunye emaqeleni ukukhula ezahlukahlukeneyo abameli clove. Phantse zonke kubo kudliwa iinkomo. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso omkhulu njengoko izityalo zefula zisekhona deltoides Dianthus kunye namanzi myagkovolosnik. Eyokuqala njengomfuno ongatshiyo ngobude kunye 45 cm kunye namagqabi malungana elide. Lezikhinkci le iintlobo kuba yeentlobo ezimbini. Netsvetonosnye oblistveny esinabantu. Ngelo xesha lide kakhulu, bona musa lukhule. Kweentyatyambo kunokuba phezulu kakhulu yaye inxalenye ephezulu branched kwi ifolokhwe. Ekhuthazwa Dianthus deltoides imbewu. Ukhula kuvamise on kwintlango ezilulwalwa, phakathi kweengqimba zamafu enengca, amadlelo kunye namasimi.

amanzi Myagkovolosnik - ezixabisekileyo zefula usapho ingca Caryophyllaceae - sisityalo ongatshiyo, ukuphakama kwayo kube 20-70 cm iziqu inxalenye yayo ephezulu kunye lunwele, yaye emazantsi -. Glabrous. Ihamba ovoid myagkovolosnika kunye inflorescences ezi Semiumbels. Phantsi kweemeko zendalo, esi sityalo ifumaneka inxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya, zaseCaucasus, Central Asia, eMpuma Ekude, eSiberia.

Olu phawu ngasentla ivumela clove usapho kubagweba ngokuthi yingenelo kakhulu kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Ngokuqinisekileyo, eli qela kuquka kuquka ukhula, kunye nezityalo eziyityhefu. Noko ke, abaninzi clove yexabiso kunye nezityalo njengoko zokuhomba ukuba ube uhombiso ngokwenene iintendelezo, iigadi kunye ezitratweni zomzi, yaye zamachiza kwaye xa kwezilwanyana.