Zoological Museum of Moscow State University. Zoological Museum of Moscow State University Nikitskaya: excursions, amaxabiso, ncomo

Xa Russian Academy of Sciences Zoological Museum apho, eyiyeyona inkulu kwilizwe lethu kunye ezinabantu, kwaye umthamo mali. indawo yesibini usibambe elo ziko e MSU. Zoological Museum on Nikitskaya uphakathi ezilishumi ezinkulu kumaziko zehlabathi profile efanayo.

Famous ababekule Russia

Imbali indalo bayo. Ngo-1802, urhulumente lasungula isibheno iminikelo imfundo. Phakathi yokuqala ukuza phambili yaba semvelo, sesayensi van'wankumi Pavel Grigorevich Demidov (1739-1821), yayizalwa ubukhosi odumileyo. umsebenzi wakhe okunjalo ebanzi kakhulu - ngeendleko zakhe ngo-1803, Uzityhila School of Sciences Higher, leyo wayizalela igama lakhe de-1919. Ke ubeka imali kwi-mali ka-100 000 engange, i ilayibrari olubanzi eqokelelwe ekuhambeni kwakhe ehlabathini lonke yokuqokelelwa nenzululwazi yendalo ikamva le Moscow State University. Zoological Museum kuvela ngenxa kwezi iminikelo. Ukongeza, ngo-1805, PG Demidov uthumela Moscow University kubaphatha kwikhabhinethi, nto leyo likwaneklinkhi a osisityebi kwingqokelela (amawaka), iinkozo zemali kunye neembasa. Ezi amagugu mali kamva wenza ezingundoqo abunjwe ekuqaleni Ngo1791, "ikhabhinethi kwembali yendalo."

indlela professional

Ngowe-1755, lo ummiselo uKumkanikazi Elizabeth waseka Imperial University of eMoscow - Moscow State University. I Zoological Museum uneminyaka eli-36 abancinane, loo nto ayithethi ukuthintela ukuba kuqwalaselwa omnye wemibutho zindala nenzululwazi yendalo. Wayeneminyaka eli-215 ubudala. Emva kokuba "kwikhabhinethi kwembali yendalo 'lakhula kakhulu iinzame umxhasi P. G. Demidova, kwafuneka ukuba nokumisa kubo. Lo msebenzi onoxanduva waphathiswa zaziwa kakuhle (uyayenza i-inventri ye-ofisi efanayo e Paris) naturalist Russian GI Fischer (igama elizeleyo - UGrigory Ivanovich (uJohann Gottgelf, Gotthelf) Fischer von Waldheim, iminyaka yobomi - 1771-1853). Umfundi kunye umlandeli G. Cuvier, umbhali we ithisisi "Xa uphefumla izilwanyana," G. I. Fisher bazitshitshisela xiringanyeto University of Jena, wamcela ukuba ukuhlela yakhe "iKhabhinethi of Natural History," yaye wahlala e Moscow, MSU elizayo. I Zoological Museum yasekwa yimigudu yakhe.

umsebenzi zamaqhawe

Kwiminyaka 1806-1807 ke uluhlu lokuqala zonke iingqokelela kuthwalelwa phandle, kuquka iinkozo zemali kunye neembasa. Njengoko waziwa, ngo-1812, eMoscow evuthayo. Le umlilo kakhulu kwezakhiwo babulala, ukuqokelelwa nanto i Zoological Museum of elizayo zatshatyalaliswa phantse ngokupheleleyo. Ke ngokuthanda of Russia UGrigory Ivanovich Fisher, ngelo xesha umlilo ayesenako ukugcina ezinye conchological (ekonookrwece saselwandle esineqokobhe) ukuqokelelwa, baqala ukubuyisela "kwikhabhinethi", ngokugqithisa ingqokelela yakho, ingqokelela nethala leencwadi. Emva koko, usebenzisa igunya kunye nokuthandwa kuluntu lwezenzululwazi, abhenela zemvelo kunye nabagcini iintlanganiso zabucala ukuncedisa ekwakhiweni ngokutsha kwe imyuziyam lalowo ungasekhoyo, ukuvuselelwa wona kuyenzeka ukuba bathi sele ngo-1814. I-inventri yesibini kwenziwa G. I. Fisherom, kwagqitywa ngo-1822, yaye iziphumo zalo zishicilelwe. Ngaxeshanye yokuqokelela umyezo yabelwa systematization kwemali, kwaye imyuziyam elitsha yunivesithi eyasekwayo kuphela ngenxa yayo. Ngo-1830, ngenxa umsebenzi nokuzincama ka G. I. Fishera, inani imiboniso ukuya million 25.

lo kuhlela ezidingekayo

sele ukuphuculwa zilandelayo baye benza sele ngo 1860. Ke zonke lolondolozo lwembali ziye zohlulwa uqeqesho, uphando kunye nokuchaza. Iindwendwe ezayo Zoological Museum of Moscow State University. University wavula ngo 1866. Kakade ke, kuyo yonke le minyaka ikhona esiphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye igumbi ebekelwe bucala kuye, waba lincinane kakhulu. Kwaye kule minyaka 1989-1902 kuba lolondolozo lwembali kwakhiwa isakhiwo esitsha esinemigangatho emithathu yeprojekthi ezizodwa zemfundo, ngokomakhi yemfuza K. M. Bykovskogo, ngelo xesha - womzobi oyintloko University eMoscow. Zazakhiwe yi izindlu eyunivesithi kwi Field lentombi leyo. Nikitskaya kodwa sakhiwo sihle le Zoological Museum, K. M. Bykovskim kwakhiwa ilayibrari engqondo ezininzi umzimba.

Beautiful isakhiwo, enziwe lohlobo olungagqibekangaName, ibekwe intliziyo komkhulu. Isikhululo metro elikufutshane - "Library kubo. ULenin "yaye" Okhotny Ryad ". Washukumisa kwaye myuziyam wesakhiwo omdala ku Moss. Emva kokuba sifudukele imyuziyam kawonke iba kuphela ngo-1911.

neNguquko Soviet

Ngowe-1930, i-Zoological Museum of Moscow State University eMoscow yanikwa Faculty of Biology. A litsha enkulu wathatha indawo 90 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Emva kokuba bonke nobunzima lolondolozo lwembali ezidinga iwonga elizimeleyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imali uphando kufikelela million eziliqela. Oku watyelelwa ngabantu 150,000 ngonyaka, inani leehambo kwenziwa xesha 1700. Lo mzobo ifikelela kufumaneka ngokubanzi kukho ngakumbi ulwazi ocacile enkulu kuhlobo ngalunye lweengqokelela zenzululwazi. igumbi Three kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukubukela elinikwa iindwendwe - ezimbini kumgangatho wokuqala, omnye (Bone Hall) - le yesibini. Zonke iingqokelela bakhelwe noFaro ezithile, ukusuka elula ukuya lomqolo.

uphando ezinkulu

Uphando Zoological Museum MSU liqhuba umsebenzi kakhulu - uhlola aze acwangcise ulwazi malunga izilwanyana ngokubanzi, malunga ngoku ngokukodwa. Ngoko ke, ukususela imiboniso million 10 ezikhoyo ezi-8 kuphela, ezibandakanya abameli izilwanyana ezizodwa ehlabathini, umzekelo, lo qongqothwane Goliath inkulu esinzima kunye namanye amaqhosha ezizodwa. Akumangalisi ke, Muscovites baqale ukutyelela yimyuziyam eselula kakhulu - apha kuza nomntwana konyaka omnye ubudala kwaye lanelisekile nohambo. Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, reviews of kuyo inkoliso eyona ezintle, ngokwenene elungileyo kakhulu, ogcina isantya namaxesha, ngokubonelela zonke "chips 'ukuba okunokutsalela ngayo kwaye uxhase elona nani likhulu kangangoko yabatyeleli. Kwaye esikhokela iqeshe abantu iyamangalisa. Kodwa njalo xa undwendwela nayiphi myuziyam ehlabathini kukho abantu bakholelwa ukuba, izikhokelo kuthetha ngokusebeza, kwaye imiboniso zambethe luthuli. Le ifoto ibonisa ukuba akunjalo.

Amaxabiso amatikiti, ncomo, olunomdla

Ukuqinisekisa ingqokelela ezimibalabala-kwinqanaba eliphezulu, tyelela imyuziyam. ixabiso ticket - nje $ 100 ngomntwana njengenxalenye yeqela ukhenketho, kwakukho abantu kwi-20 ubuncinane. Ukuze umntu omdala inkonzo ukhenketho - 250 engange, ngaphandle ukhenketho - 200. Kukho inkqubo bhetyebhetye lweenzuzo, ngosuku mahala kwiindidi ezikhethekileyo abemi kunye ngobusuku simahla nyaka. imiboniso umdla kakhulu ngamaxesha athile. Ezinye iindwendwe bathenge amatikiti kwangaphambili prepaid. Kuhleli Ukufaka izibakala ezimbalwa umdla - ixesha elithile endlini uNjingalwazi A. N. Severtseva, ibekwe kwisakhiwo emyuziyam, leyo Waba ngunozala morphology yendaleko yezilwanyana babehlala Marina Tsvetaeva. Kwaye waba prototype hero "amaqanda Fatal" M. A. Bulgakova.