White Mosque (Bulgaria): indlela yokufumana inkcazelo

Ukuchukumisa kwimbali yamandulo ngonaphakade ushiye esachukumisa kumphefumlo. Ababephila ngelo xesha, ukuba abantu baziva bebecinga, baphila njani bafa? Lonke ixesha ehambela kwiidolophu yamandulo needolophana, sifunda iqhekeza omnye umntu, ixesha elide-atshabalalayo, emva koko wahlala ekhaya, izixhobo, izixhobo, nezacholo, imisebenzi yobugcisa - bonke basinda abanini bazo kangangeenkulungwane kunye zeminyaka.

White Mosque (Bulgaria) lesikhumbuzo impela bokwakha, kodwa wendele lonke nesiko Khanate yamandulo Bulgarian, enibe nifudula mkhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba akwazi dudula Golden mkhosi.

umbuso Bulgarian

Kuba okokuqala malunga Bulgarians eyafakwa yemihla imithombo yaseByzantium kwenkulungwane yesi-2, kodwa sele kwinkulungwane yesi-4 ngazo uchazwa njengokuhlanganisa izizwe ezininzi, azinza kunxweme elingasempuma Azov kunye Black Seas.

Abanye babo yawa phantsi kwempembelelo le Khazars, waya iVolga, apho wahlala ngenkulungwane ye-10, kusekwe ubukumkani Bulgarian. It ithatha indawo enkulu ngelo xesha: Kama, Middle iVolga, White River kunye namazwe ezigudle phambene River.

Ngokuthe ngcembe abantu bakhula, impembelelo yabamelwane Turks ekhohlo okubhala bonqulo, kunye nabantu eyamkelekileyo Islam. Sezixeko inkulu, eBulgaria, saba likomkhulu lobukumkani. Ngenkulungwane ye-11 ukuba babephila abantu-10 000, nto leyo ngelo xesha njengento omkhulu.

Isizathu sokuba ukuwa yobukumkani yaseBulgaria yaba sisithuko luyagqithiswa Golden mkhosi. Kwathi, xa eBulgaria wayezama ukuthatha Genghis Khan kunye nomkhosi wakhe, kodwa woyiswa, apho 4,000 amajoni ayo kubanjwa. abazange Ababulala yaye akazange enze amakhoboka, kodwa washiya nje yonke ijoni kwi inkunzi yemvu inye, ngaloo ndlela ebonisa ukuba bacinga yomkhosi Tatar-Mongol.

Genghis Khan wafa, kodwa wahlala sisithuko ofayo. Ukuziphindezela Bulgars kuphela ngo-1236, xa amajoni Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, nabuganga nje umzi, ngokubulala abemi balo ukuqala kuncinci ukuya ku- nkulu. Malunga iziganeko zingafumaneka ngokundwendwela i open-air yimyuziyam kwidolophu Bolgar.

kwisixeko samandulo

Yasekwa ngonyaka ka-elikomkhulu ngenkulungwane ye-10 ubukumkani yaseBulgaria namhlanje e Tatarstan, kwaye imbali yawo inokufumaneka, ukuba wenze utyelelo kwi Kazan. White Mosque wakha (Bulgaria) ifumaneka malunga Fort endala njengophawu uvuko eluthuthwini amaxesha Great Khanate. Emva eliwaka kweminyaka eyadlulayo, kwakukho yokuhlala okhulayo, ezazakhiwe izindlu kunye zamaSilamsi, amabhotwe neenqaba, ezinye zisekhona. Le dolophu liphuhlise zobugcisa trade umsengi kwinkulungwane ye-14 babehlala apha sele phambi kwabantu 50,000. Abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumanisa ukuba ngeli xesha kwakukho ebukumkanini de kwiilali 2000 kunye needolophu 150.

IVolga Bulgars waba urhwebo kunye neTshayina, Central Asia, eRashiya kunye Byzantium, kunye namanqaku lwaso lobhedu, nesilivere, uboya neemfele zaziwa kakuhle kulo lonke ihlabathi. Ngokwenene edge enkulu apho nje yezinto ezimbalwa kunye neemveliso emininzi amagcisa yexesha.

hillfort

Intsalela yobukhulu owayesakuba zobukumkani yamandulo yokuhlala - intwana encinane lwezakhiwo, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ndigwebe enkulu nebalulekileyo kangakanani esi Bulgarians. Ngokomzekelo, yaseScandinavia kweli lizwe wabizwa ngendlela yabo "Burgarlend" yaye "Gardarika", gama elo elithetha "Ilizwe Cities".

Okwangoku, siye sasinda:

• Great Mosque, kuba ixesha zokuqala Golden mkhosi.
• East and Northern Umakhi.
• Ingcwaba Khan kaThixo.
• White kunye Black Chamber.
• yokugquma Khan, nto leyo Kuthathwa ukuba abembi bujolise kuphela zokuhlangana izikhakhamela.
• minaret amancinane uyitempile vekeleke xona.

Zonke ezikhumbuzo Bagciniwe kakuhle, yaye namhlanje kunokwenzeka ngqo ukusuka elidlulileyo ukwenza intshukumo ngoku: kwicala elingasezantsi zokuhlala i White Mosque (Bulgaria). Idilesi: Tatarstan, ul. Working. Ndwendwela oko bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iinkolelo zonqulo.

Ukwakhiwa the White Mosque

White Mosque (RT) ngumzekelo kwenkcubeko yinqobo kwisixeko samandulo. Xa sijonga le sakhiwo emangalisayo enhle silula unokuthelekelela, kukhangeleke ngathi elikomkhulu lobukhosi enkulu. Mosque ezakhiwa womzobi Sergei Shakurov obekhe yafunda ezikhumbuzo best amaSilamsi bobugcisa kumazwe awahlukeneyo.

Ukwakhiwa isakhiwo yaqala ngo-2010 kwaye iye yaba yenye yeeprojekthi ukuba ukuvuselelwa kwisixeko samandulo Bolgar. On ubhaliso sele zakhiwa mosque kunye nezakhiwo zawo ezingqongileyo wathabatha iitoni 1200 of emarmore emhlophe, nto leyo wayinika an eziqaqambileyo amisiweyo ngokungaqhelekanga.

incazelo

Ngenxa yoko, i-Mosque White (Bulgaria) iye yaba kwisakhiwo yokwenene eyenziwa kwiholo lomthandazo, zamaRoma ezimbini, madrasahs kunye ahlala kuyo mufti, umi kwindawo enkulu ngomthandazo. Around arcade yalo entle kunye nemithi yeziqhamo abatsha. Eli bhotwe lonke namafu abapasa emini kunye neenkwenkwezi ebusuku kuboniswa ichibi elikhulu ngumntu kunye ngasemthonjeni, enika abanye ufana odumileyo Taj Mahal.

ZamaRoma ukufikelela kubude 46.6 m, ububanzi of kwawo iphambili-10 m ukuphakama kwayo ngaphakathi lokukhonzela - iimitha 17. Ingaphandle Zakwantu ezihonjiswe arabesques, amahle kunye iimilo zejiyometri. ukupeyinta kwangaphakathi iqulethe izicatshulwa kwincwadi Muslim engcwele.

Ukubhiyozela kuvulwe lokukhonzela entsha kwaye ukuvuselela kwisixeko samandulo White Mosque (Bulgaria) wathola isipho ikopi inkulu ehlabathini ngayo Koran zalishumi 800 kg. Ukuba ndibhaptize ke, kwadlula imigudu yabantu-16, yaye igaqa oko sibekwe phezu iiglavu ezandleni zakhe kuphela.

City of Bolgar, White Mosque: ukuba indlela

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, umcimbi uba kubakhenkethi indlela ethandwa kwisixeko Bolgar. Ide White Mosque ifikeleleka ngendlea ecaleni iVolga umlambo minh ukusuka kwizibuko kumlambo Kazan, nokuba ngemoto okanye ngebhasi.

Akukho umdla kangako lwabantu kunye Fort endala - iintsalela kwikomkhulu yamandulo Bulgar, imvelaphi yayo elandwa kangangeenkulungwane 10-14.

White Mosque nguye isithsaba mzi, kodwa kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba olu asiyonto nje lesikhumbuzo izakhiwo kunye yezenkolo ezikhoyo, ngoko ke kufuneka bathobele imithetho yendawo:

• Shoes kufuneka isuswe egqibela ngasesangweni, neembadada ibandakanya ukunxiba ezinyaweni zakho.
• Abasetyhini kufuneka nesigqubuthelo entloko kunye itshefu azigubungela amagxa, ukuba avulekileyo.
• Kuba namankazana, kukho indawo ekhethekileyo umthandazo kwi phezulu mosque emva ungqameko eqingqiweyo.

Ungaze ukweyisa iimvakalelo amakholwa, lokujongisisa bexoxa mosque ngexesha imithandazo. Kubhetele ukuba kuza emva kwaye ucinge into ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa nabani.