Usinga-Russian isimbo, iimpawu ezahlukileyo kunye neempawu

Usinga-Russian style kuyibika zokwakha eRashiya kwiinkulungwane 19-20. Iziqalelo nakolu apha izithethe izakhiwo kunye lobuciko. Oku kuquka sub-amaqela eziliqela, kuquka ulwalathiso Russian-aseByzantium zeniyo-Russian.

Indlela pseudo-Russian wehlelwa lweziqalelo abolekwe izakhiwo yaseYurophu kunye nenkcubeko. Sinokuthi ukuba kukho mibala zobugcisa wesizwe kuphela. Kungenxa yoko le ndlela iye igama.

ukuvela

Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19, xa bekuqalwa fashion ukuba iinjongo zesizwe Kakade ke, abazobi abaninzi kunye nabayili bezakhiwo, ze Russia ugqiba ukwenza ezinye "fusion" yeentlobo intsomi endala, kodwa ngaphandle kokunikezela mihla (ukuba elo xesha) phambili. Ngoko ke kukho indlela pseudo-Russian. Kujongwe ukuba ukuvuselela lobuciko weRashiya ukulisebenzisa nje kuphela zokudlala ezincinane, okanye imisebenzi yezandla, efana ifanitshala, kodwa iiprojekthi ezinkulu-scale.

Enyanisweni, pseudo-Russian isimbo hlobo ayikho. Eli gama ngokwesigqibo esicalanye. Luhlanganisa eziliqela ntsingiselo, maxa wambi ngenjongo eziphikisanayo. Ngoko ke namhlanje kukho ukudideka, xa abakhi ukudibanisa ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo iifomu zawo, imigca kunye decor kwesakhiwo kwindawo uhlobo pseudo-Russian.

Umahluko ibalulekileyo amanga wesimeli. Usinga-Russian style guquka kangangokuba zinokudityaniswa kunye nezinye izinto zokwakha, kuquka Art Nouveau kunye romanticism.

uphuhliso

Usinga-Russian isimbo ibandakanya izinto eziliqela. Bavela njengoko uqala:

1. Russian-Byzantine. Kwavela 1830s, le ibizwa kakhulu kumazantsi izakhiwo zonqulo zamaKristu (Kristu uMsindisi Cathedral, Ascension Cathedral, Grand yesicelo Palace).
2. Romanticism ne Slavophilism. Enyanisweni, isimbo, owayebonakele kancinci emva ezidlulileyo, akukho gama. Kodwa oko kwabuchaphazela kuluhlu trends bokwakha. Umzekelo oyinhloko Pogodinskaya endlini.
3. Ropetovschina. Isalathiso ivela kwi 1870s, kuba oversaturated umlimi iintsomi inkcubeko kunye yokwakha (Terem, Printing Indlovu). Kubalulekile ukuba kwande ngenxa nokukhuthazwa ezaziwayo-kakuhle mhlalutyi Stasov.
4. Esemthethweni. imiqolo Bellied, esekelwe kunye njengezivatho wesizwe, amaceba ephantsi ngohlobo nakwiingqameko - zonke ezi mpawu indlela. Oku kwavumelana Kwakhona izithethe kunye lwemveli. Imizekelo - imiqolo Trading Upper, kwakhiwe i-Museum Historical.
5. Neo-Russian. Yena ivela kwinkulungwane yama-20. Abakhi bakholisa ukuba elula omkhulu, ngoko ke ukudibanisa izinto ezikhumbuzo yamandulo nezithethe izakhiwo wasentla. Abantu abaninzi uphawula ezifanayo kunye mihla (Church of uMsindisi wethu).

Kutsha nje, ababhali-mbali endinahluleyo neo-Russian uhlobo lwe pseudo-ukuphatha njengendlela imizila zokwakha ezimeleyo. Ke kaloku, kwakukho abo kubenza. Izakhiwo isimbo pseudo-Russian isasazwa ngokubanzi kulo lonke elo lizwe, kuquka kwimimandla ezisemaphandleni kuyo.

Iimpawu imbonakalo

Njengoko naliphi na ilizwe, iRashiya iye eboleka ixesha. neenjongo ezahlukeneyo nekhondo bafunde eYurophu, uthi Mpuma kunye West. Kwaye ixesha lifikile yokunqongophala izinto zesizwe. Ngoko ke, pseudo-Russian isimbo eRashiya, ngokunjalo ukubonakala kwaso, abaya kuthathelwa ingqalelo zendalo.

Iimpawu lweentsingiselo zokwakha izinto ngeendlela ezininzi. imibala ezikhoyo - beige, omhlophe kunye ebomvu.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe kwaye ukukwazi ukuhlangana isimbo. Kwakungekho umahluko-cut. It lula zinokudityaniswa kunye nezinye iindlela ezininzi ezifana Gothic, okanye pseudo-modernity.

yeempawu ezibonakalayo

Usinga-Russian uhlobo bokwakha na iiyantlukwano zalo, athe ngayo ichaziwe. iimpawu uphawu kunokubonwa kwitheyibhile.

Idla asetyenziswe ekwakheni yomhombiso eliseluphahleni ngokohlobo kukujikeleza cockerel okanye indwe.

izakhiwo abaninzi eRussia esekhona mihla, iindlela kwinkcazo kunye iimpawu pseudo-Russian uhlobo.

isiphelo

Xa i pseudo-Russian uhlobo yama-20 ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane nentonga nolwakhiwo ezichaphazelekayo ngokuthe ngcembe eqala ukuba luphele. Lwefacade kwezakhiwo ezininzi onke turrets, uphahla phezulu, iifestile ezincinane ezazixhaphakile stop ngezakhiwo zokwakha kunye nezibonelelo zolawulo.

Umzekelo, iholo enkulu kwi Duma, yakhela ebudeni bolawulo ulwalathiso sele nakhelwe besebenzisa impumelelo ezintsha bokwakha kwaye kubuchwepheshe (ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, oomatshini ezinkulu). Iimfuno Izakhiwo mihla musa ukuhlangabezana isimbo pseudo-Russian. Yendawo bokwakha ezihlaziyiweyo. A isimbo buqala elidlulileyo, eshiya ngasemva a lot of ezikhumbuzo kunye izakhiwo ezizodwa.