Ukuba uyayisusa awusokuze - aluchananga kwaye kukade icangcisiwe ulwimi efile

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, asinguye wonke umntu ilula kwaye nkqu umntu ofundileyo kakhulu uqhelene elithi "ze KAboutData ayisekho". Oku ngandlel 'etyeni ilizwi engaqhelekanga uza kuthi evela eJamani ngenkulungwane XIX kade waza waba njengolwimi esidalwe ngumntu. Uthe ke wenza recording elite yabo, nto leyo kuquka oogqirha, iingcali zeelwimi, ababhali kunye izazi.

Ebhalwe ngolwimi wobuciko

Ngoko ukuba uyayisusa awusokuze - luhlobo lolwimi ngamazwe, nto leyo yasekwa ngo-1879 ngumbingeleli waseJamani Katolika igama uJohann Martin Schleyer. NgoMeyi kulo nyaka kwisithili wohlobo weza iphepha zesiqhelo kakhulu, kodwa ke xa besitya kuyo balandela yonke le projekthi. Ibhalwa i zegrama, morphological, kunye nezinye iimpawu ulwimi esidalwe ngumntu ilungiselelwe abantu abafundileyo ehlabathini lonke. Emva konyaka, Schleyer ipapasha incwadi iye ngokuba "ze KAboutData ayisekho -. ngolimi jikelele" Kwadlula enye ngonyaka, kwaye kweli phephandaba ulwimi olutsha kwaye okwangoku unexplored baqalisa ukuba ipapashwe, yaye kamva ebebambe nkongolo wokuqala ngamazwe.

iminyaka ukuthandwa

Malunga nama-1884 kulo lonke elaseYurophu ngenxalenye eMelika kunye kumazwe oluphambili Asia ukuba uyayisusa awusokuze - eli ethandwa kakhulu kwaye kulwimi ekujoliswe kulo. It ishicilela iimagazini eliqela amaphephandaba, olufundwa kwizifundo, ezikolweni kunye neeyunivesithi. Izazinzulu ezininzi zisebenzisa ze KAboutData ayisekho e nezifundo zabo zobugqirha kwaneenkqubo ezizizo. Oku ababhaliswe Kwimeko apho ulwimi esidalwe ngumntu waba intsapho yabantu. Oku malunga intombi ngumphandi waseJamani uHenry ukuba uyayisusa awusokuze Kone, kunye apho utata ilweyile babethetha ulwimi, eyaba kuye into inkanuko. Kude kube 1890s, ihlabathi izazinzulu ukhathazeka ngokoqobo kunye nje ukufundisisa ze KAboutData ayisekho, kodwa ukusebenzisa kwakhe rhoqo umsebenzi kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla.

Basics ulwimi

Sele kusungulwe ze KAboutData ayisekho - abalulwimi ngumntu, kodwa ngokunjalo ngokwesiseko ngawo kwavela? Makhe siqale umbhali - umbingeleli lowo inzalelwane eJamani, ke ngoko, ubomi bakhe bonke ndithetha isiJamani. Injongo yakhe ukudala prototype oluthile lolwimi lwabo lweenkobe kunye noncwadi, kodwa ezinye uhlengahlengiso ukuba, ngokwembono yakhe, wayeza lula yonke umfanekiso. Xa amagama Latin-based walala yongezwe izikhamiso eziliqela amadoda alwa nawe. ukwakhiwa lungelelanisa - oku yeyona ezaziwa kakhulu ulwimi intetho Romano kwisiJamani usapho, kodwa iingcambu zawo atshintshiwe ngaphaya ingqalelo. Kufuneka athi kwaoko ukuba umbhali ukusuka ulwimi lwakhe lweenkobe German ze KAboutData ayisekho bafudukela zonke iimpawu zakhe trickiest, koko, baye banda kwaye babe abadumileyo ngakumbi ezintsonkothileyo. Owona mzekelo iphawulekayo kule - amazwi elide eziquka iinxalenye ezintathu okanye ezine.

Yintoni lula ulwimi?

Ngophanya nje lweliso, kusoloko kwabonakala ukuba uyayisusa awusokuze - lulwimi olulula, kulula ukufunda kwaye ukhumbule. Inyaniso yokuba izinto ezithile baba okunene linomtsalane kakhulu:

• Kwakungekho upelo ezintsonkothileyo.
• Kwakungekho nto ezifana inani elikabini (isikakhulu ifumaneka kuphela in Russian kunye Arabic).
• Kwakungekho amagama antsonkothileyo.
• Eyona kubhalwa ngaso.

Sinokuthi -ngomtsalane ze KAboutData ayisekho iphelile. Into eyayijonge wonke ubani uzama ukufunda oko kwixesha elizayo - ukuba ngathi entlanganisweni zonke yobunzima kwi German, IsiNgesi, IsiSpanish kunye ulwimi Russian, zincediswa iintlobo zonqulo namabinzana.

kuthandwa eziwayo

Kangangeminyaka, i Academy of loMbhalo ofihlakeleyo ze KAboutData ayisekho waba Ogyust Kerkgoffs ngubani ngenyameko ngokuhlola ulwimi, kwaoko wachaza konke amaphutha ayo. Ebonisa ezingalunganga lombhali - Martin Sheleyeru, yena ukumqumbisa ingxwaba le yokugqibela. Lo mfundisi wanyanzelisa ukuba olu lwimi - indalo yakhe, nto leyo akuyomfuneko yokuthsintsha nantoni na. Le ezidala ingxabano ntanda ngakumbi apho abalandeli ezininzi ze KAboutData ayisekho waya kwezinye iiprojekthi kulwimi - Izaci imigca cala kunye Esperanto. Hi ndlela leyi, imbonakalo lulwimi yokugqibela ngo-1887 mandundu imeko ze KAboutData ayisekho. Esperanto waba isigama kulula kakhulu kunye negrama kuyo onke amazwi ukubona kwaye zilula.

Ke ukuba uyayisusa awusokuze - yinto ulwimi ofileyo ukuba akukho kuphinda ayikhuphi nkqu amaphephandaba top-mfihlelo yenzululwazi kunye neemagazini. It ayifundiswa kwi ikhono of philology, ayifundiswa kwizikolo isidanga.