Triac: ukusebenza umgaqo, isicelo, iceboi kunye nolawulo

Ukususela nqaku, uya kufunda into triac, umgaqo ukusebenza kwalo sixhobo, kwakunye neempawu isicelo sayo. Kodwa kuqala, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba triac - iyafana naleyo ye thyristor (elungeleleneyo kuphela). Ngoko ke, akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwinqaku echaza siseko ukusebenza thyristors kunye neempawu zazo. Ngaphandle ulwazi ezingundoqo aziyi kusebenza ukuba bayile kwaye wokwakha isikimu ukulawula elula.

thyristors

Le thyristor i isenza i isixhobo semiconductor, onako okupasisa current kwicala elinye kuphela. Oku kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba nokufakelwa uzobe izifaniso phakathi kuyo kunye diode steering. Xa thyristor uye ezinjengeetheminali amathathu, omnye - i electrode yolawulo. Oku, ukuba uwubeke rhabaxa, iqhosha esebenzisa apho utshintshe nje element ikwimo nokuqhuba. Eli nqaku liza kuqwalaselwa ityala lolwangazelelo thyristor - triac - ukwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza kwawo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Thyristor - yinto yotshintsho rectifier kwaye msindo umqondiso. Lidla sisetyenziswe ukulawula (kodwa kuphela kwimeko xa kwiingcingo yonke into etsala amanzi kumthombo ombane AC). Zonke thyristors ezinye iimpawu ekufuneka ukuthetha ngakumbi.

izakhiwo thyristors

Phakathi nentaphane iimpawu element semiconductor uyakwazi ukuchonga kakhulu ezibalulekileyo:

1. Thyristors ezifana ode ekwaziyo ukuqhuba umsinga wombane kwicala elinye kuphela. Kulo mzekelo, zisebenza ndajikeleza a diode rectifier.
2. Ukususela OFF ON imeko thyristor inokuba iguqulelwe ngokusebenzisa njengomnqophiso electrode ulawulo kunye ifomu ethile. Ngoko ke nesiphelo - le thyristor sokuyivula ngathi kukho uthi ezimbini (esitalini zombini). Ngendlela efanayo kwaye ukusebenzisa triac. Umgaqo esebenza ngayo i-electronic uhlobo isitshixo ezisekelwe kuyo ilula. Kodwa ukuze wenze ukubuyela kwimeko yangaphambili evulekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba iimeko ezithile kuyahlangatyezwana.
3. Uphawu ulawulo lwangoku, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze yikristale Ukutshintsha thyristor ukusuka kwimo itshixiwe evulekileyo, ngaphantsi lee kubasebenzi (ngokoqobo ulinganiswa milliamperes). Oku kuthetha ukuba thyristor unalo iimpawu lo mshini yangoku.
4. Kuyenzeka ukuba ulungise kakuhle ukunyenyisa kwizinga lomlinganiso ophakathi wangoku ayahamba umthwalo nawo, ukuba umthwalo elidityaniswe kuyo kuthotho nge thyristor. Ukuchaneka kokulungisa kuxhomekeke ukuba ubude umqondiso yolawulo electrode. Kulo mzekelo, i thyristor isebenza Regulator amandla.

Le thyristor nesakhiwo sayo

Thyristor - yinto efunekayo semiconductor ukuba unalo umsebenzi wolawulo. Le crystal Wenziwe ziimaleko ezine p kunye n neendidi leyo enye. Xa efanayo ndlela yakhiwe kwaye triac. Umgaqo yokusebenza, isicelo, isakhiwo element kunye neentsilelo yokusetyenziswa ziqwalaselwa ngokweenkcukacha nqaku.

isakhiwo echazwe kubizwa ngokuba ezine. P-edge isakhiwo indawo enxulumene noko le terminal wokwephuka ezintle umthombo wamandla, ebizwa ngokuba anode. Ngenxa yoko, ummandla wesibini n (nayo kakhulu) - le cathode. Ukuba lisetyenziswa ombane elibi ugesi.

Yintoni iimpawu thyristor

Ukuba ucazululo olupheleleyo ngesakhiwo thyristor, unako ukufumana khona inguqu ezintathu (electron-umngxuma). Ngenxa yoko, le sekethe elingana nga kuyilwa kwi transistors semiconductor (polar, eguquguqukayo, intsimi) kunye ode, ezivumela ukuqonda ukuziphatha kwe thyristor xa electrode ulawulo amandla.

Kwimeko apho anode kubalulekile elihle cathode, lo diode ivaliwe yaye kungeso thyristor nayo uziphatha ngendlela efanayo. Kwimeko yokutshintsha ezichaseneyo bobabini thyristor ilight zityekele nalo itshixiwe. Ngokufanayo, Triac kunye nemisebenzi.

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo iminwe, kakade, ukucacisa ukuba akukho lula, kodwa siya kuzama ukwenza oko.

Ingaba uvula Indlela thyristor

kufuneka ukuba uhlawule ingqalelo wesekethe ngokwendawo ingqondo umgaqo osebenza kuyo thyristor. Isenokuba wakhiwe transistors ezimbini (transistors). Apha kuwo kwaye iluncedo ukuqwalasela inkqubo thyristor badubula. Ubeka ezinye yangoku ujikeleze lonke electrode control thyristor. Xa oku yangoku lisisiqalo ulwalathiso phambili. Eli langoku ingqalelo isakhiwo esisiseko ngenxa transistor of p-n-p.

Ngoko ke, umqokeleli yangoku kuya kuba ngakumbi ngexesha (ulawulo kuyimfuneko ixabiso yangoku liphindaphindwe inzuzo transistor). Ngapha koko, oku kungabonakala ukuba ixabiso kwisiseko yangoku transistor yesibini kunye nesakhiwo Uhanjiso p-n-p, kwaye ivulwe. Ngaloo umqokeleli yangoku transistor yesibini ilingana imveliso iinzuzo zombini transistors kunye nolawulo ekuqaleni acwangciswe yangoku. Triacs (siseko ukusebenza nolawulo kwinqaku) kufuneka iipropati ezifanayo.

Ngaphezu koko, le yangoku kufuneka uwonke ushwankathelwa kunye ngaphambili ucacise wesekethe ulawulo lwangoku. Uze kanye ixabiso ukuba ufuna ukugcina transistor yokuqala sikarhulumente evuliwe. Xa kunjalo, xa yangoku ulawulo mkhulu kakhulu, ngaxeshanye transistors ezimbini kwizinyibilikisi. OS yangaphakathi iyaqhubeka ukugcina conductivity kwayo xa yangoku lokuqala shwaka kwi electrode yolawulo. Ngelo xesha enye anode le thyristor ibanjiwe ixabiso ngokwanelisayo eliphezulu yangoku.

Indlela ukucima thyristor

Akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba urhulumente itshixiwe le thyristor kunokwenzeka kwimeko kulawulo yeseli electrode evulekileyo ayisetyenziswanga umqondiso. Xa oku yangoku kusithwa wukulu esithile, ekuthiwa hypostatically yangoku (okanye yokuvalelwa current).

Le thyristor icinyiwe yaye kwimeko xa kukho kokuqhawulwa kwisekethe umthwalo. Okanye xa ombane lusetyenziswa zeesekethe (lwangaphandle) litshintsha wokwephuka yayo. Oku kwenzeka ekupheleni komjikelo ngamnye isiqingatha xa le sekethe kuxhaswa ivela kumthombo AC.

Xa sisebenza thyristor yesekethe DC, itshixa kunokwenziwa utshintsho elula okanye amaqhosha uhlobo ngoomatshini. Idibanisa ukuba umthwalo series kusetyenziswa iNTSHOLONGWANE-amandla kwisekethe. Kwaye efanayo yokusebenza Umgaqo umlawuli igunya phezu triac, Noko ke, kukho ezinye iinkalo kwisekethe.

Iindlela off thyristors

Nangona kunjalo, i iswitshi bangathungelana ngaxeshanye, ngoko sebenzisa yona yokucima i anode ngoku kwenzeka, kwaye thyristor ke zidluliselwe kurhulumente itshixiwe. Ezinye iintlobo thyristors banoku kwi kwakhona, xa uvula abafowunelwa iswitshi. Oku kuchazwe into yokuba ngethuba kuvulwa abafowunelwa okuhlangana capacitance thyristor ezingasetyenziswanga isigxina ekumfimfitheni, ngokuthi kudalwe uphazamiseko.

Ngoko ke, kungakuhle ukuba alahle iswitshi ukwenzela ukuba phakathi cathode kunye electrode yolawulo. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba thyristor icinyiwe ngesiqhelo, kwaye ngoku ubambe iya kunqunyulwa. Ngamanye amaxesha kuba lula kwaye intsebenzo ephuculiweyo kunye nokuthembeka iyasetyenziswa endaweni isitshixo ngoomatshini thyristor abangabancedani. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba umsebenzi triac ifana kakhulu ukusebenza SCRs.

triacs

Kwaye ngoku kufutshane umxholo wenqaku - kufuneka ingqalelo kwityala okhethekileyo Thyristor - Triac. Umgaqo tyando iyafana elo ingqalelo ngaphambili. Kodwa kukho ezinye iiyantlukwano kunye neempawu isici. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba uthethe ngayo ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi. Le triac sisixhobo esisekweni leyo crystal semiconductor. Idla kusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ukuba zisebenza alternating current.

Le nkcazelo elula esi sixhobo - iswitshi, kodwa elawulekayo. Xa urhulumente itshixiwe, kusebenza ncam utshintsho evulekileyo. Xa kuthe kwenyuka lisetyenziswa kolawulo electrode isixhobo triac kwenzeka inguqulelo kurhulumente evulekileyo (imo Uhanjiso). Ngethuba yayisasebenza le imo, ungenza acha- iswitshi, ogama abafowunelwa zivaliwe.

Xa Oluphawu njengongekhoyo esikolweni kwisekethe wolawulo, kuyo nayiphi na ixesha isiqingatha (ezisebenza kwiisekethe AC) kukho utshintsho ukusuka kwi Open imo triac in endlwini. Triacs ezisetyenziswa kakhulu imo relay (umz, kwezoyilo itshintshela photosensitive okanye thermostats). Kodwa idla ngokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zolawulo zisebenzayo kwimigaqo zesigaba yolawulo ombane kwi umthwalo (nabalawuli smooth).

Isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza triac

Triac - akunto ngathi thyristor macala. Ngoko ke, ngokusekelwe igama, sinokugqiba - kulula endaweni thyristors ezimbini, ezifakwe kwi anti-ngaxeshanye. Kuyo nayiphi na indlela ikwazi wokuba bapase yangoku. Xa triac na imveliso eziphambili ezintathu - ulawulo, ngokuba imiqondiso ukunika kwaye ezisisiseko (anode, cathode), ukwenzela ukuba kudlula kwemisinga ukusebenza.

Triac (umgaqo ukusebenza ngenxa "Dummies 'ukuba element semiconductor kunikwa ingqalelo yakho) ivulwe xa isikhonkwane yokulawula kobuncincane obufunwa ixabiso yangoku. Okanye kwimeko xa ezinye electrode ezimbini okunamandla umahluko ngaphezu ixabiso umda.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi ombane kwemfuneko untshulisa triac oko kubangelwa ngokuzenzekelayo xa awo iphezulu ombane yonikezelo. Akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba urhulumente etshixiweyo kwenzeka kwimeko yokutshintsha ezichaseneyo ye ezisebenzayo ngoku okanye ukwehla ukuya kwinqanaba elingezantsi imiwe nomsinga.

Indlela ukuvula i triac

Xa enikwe kwi-mbane AC na utshintsho iindlela zokusebenza ngokuguqula ezichaseneyo kwi ombane kwi electrode zomsebenzi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni ezichaseneyo ye ngoku olawulayo, uyakwazi ukukhetha iintlobo-4 sale nkqubo.

Zicingele phakathi electrode kokusebenza ombane uyasetyenziswa. Ulawulo electrode ombane kophawu wahlukile isicelo kumphathi wesekethe anode. Kulo mzekelo, i triac shift ikota yesangqa - yokusebenza Umgaqo, njengoko sibonile, ilula.

Kukho 4 zezine, yaye ngamnye kubo wazimisela yangoku ukukhululwa, ukugcinwa, ukufakwa. Kcukumisa current kufuneka igcinwe kude kube lelo xesha elide njengoko kuya kuba ngaphezu izihlandlo eziliqela (2-3) yiyo ixabiso nilime eli ngoku. Ukuba esi sangoku triac ukudutyulwa - kobuncincane obufunwa ukukhululwa yangoku. Ukuba 'ukuze buncothulwe ulawulo lwangoku wesekethe, ukuba triac iya kuba sikarhulumente conductive. Ngaphezu koko, le ndlela iya kuqhuba de kube lelo xesha logama nje ngoku kwisekethe anode kakhulu evalelwe yangoku.

Ziziphi izithintelo ezi ebekelwa xa usebenzisa Triac

Kunzima ukusebenzisa xa umthwalo ezenza ukuba. Izinga lokutshintsha ombane kwaye ngoku ulinganiselwe. Xa triac sokuyivula ukusuka imo itshixiwe ukuvula, kukho ngoku ebalulekileyo kwisekethe ngaphandle. Voltage akuthethi ukuwisa nangoko ukuba iiterminal amandla triac. A mandla kukhula nangoko yaye ifikelela amaxabiso kakhulu aphezulu. I-eneji dissipated, ngenxa kwisithuba encinane kwandisa kakhulu iqondo lobushushu semiconductor.

Kwimeko yokudlula ixabiso obalulekileyo kungenxa okukhawulezayo ngokugqithiseleyo ukunyuka lwangoku ukutshatyalaliswa yikristale,. Ukuba triac, leyo ikwimeko itshixiwe, ekuphembeleleni ukungaqondani ilifinyeze ukwandisa, apho kuya kubakho yokuvula channel (xa kungekho isekethe kolawulo uphawu). Le nto ke yathi ngenxa yokuba zokwanda isigxina kwenzeka ngaphakathi capacitance ekumfimfitheni le semiconductor. Ngaphezu koko, intlawulo ngoku unalo ixabiso elaneleyo ukuba ukuvula i triac.