Simple dosimeter izandla zabo: scheme. dosimeters Imitha ngezandla zabo

Dosimeters zibizwa ngokuba izixhobo ezifunekayo ukuze igunya womlinganiselo we ionizing radiation. Kufuneka kwakhona Mayisoloko ikhunjulwa into yokuba ezinye iimodeli ezi Ukongezelela bakwazi ukuvavanya ukusebenza idosi. Rentgenmetry alisebenzi dosimetry. Eyona elementi ifowuni Kumnandi ukuqwalasela tshin. I parameter uvakalelo kuyo yahluke kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, ezi zixhobo lungohlulwa lube ukuguqulwa zobungcali kunye nekhaya.

imifuziselo ezizodwa ziyilelwe imiqathango ukusetyenziswa enzima kusebenza emkhosini. Ngenxa yoko, ukuguqulwa mveliso yenzelwe ukuqapha okuqhubekayo radiation. Qokelela dosimeters radiation ngezandla zabo ilula. Nangona kunjalo, oku kusebenza kuphela kwizixhobo kubathengi. Ukuze wenze imodeli yobungcali, kufuneka uhlolisisa inkqubo kwezi zixhobo.

imodeli yabathengi kwemizuzu 3

Ubuthe imonitha ngezandla zakhe imizuzu 3 ilula. Okokuqala, kufuneka uthabathe igutyana kunye ubuncinane ibe nomthamo neelitha 1.5. Emva koko, ifowuni iza kufuneka omnye-uyixhome esibondeni-uhlobo ngumhloli. Okokuqala, iibhotile zeplastiki kufuneka kunqunyulwa. Nale njongo kubhetele ukusebenzisa imela. Inyathelo elilandelayo bunikwa kwi ngumhloli amandla. Okulandelayo, ukwakha esweni elula izandla zabo, elidityaniswe kuyo nombhexeshi.

Capacitor ngenxa yale njongo kufuneka ukuba uvule. Phezulu ukubolekisana ngenxa iiasi. Kungcono pick up yobhedu, enobubanzi ngaphantsi kwe 1.2 mm. Ngenxa ngenxa yemfuno ukutywina igutyana usebenzisa iteyiphu zombane. Xa uphawu tester evela iinaliti ithe yadluliselwa resistor. Ngenxa yoko, amandla radiation ionizing siboniswe kwisixhobo.

Le dosimeter of tin

Yenza dosimeter ngezandla zabo ngaphandle iinkonkxa, wena ungakwazi, ukuba ulungiselela kusengaphambili capacitor coupling kunye umvavanyi-kwipali enye. Kulo mzekelo, iibhotile zeplastiki kuba isixhobo ingafuneki. Emazantsi ithini kuyimfuneko ukwenza umngxuma encinane iiasi. Emva koko, lo capacitor ifakwe kwisingxobo. Le resistor, nayo, kufuneka adityaniswe ngqo ngumhloli. Emveni koku ndiya ukulungisa kuphela umngxuma inaliti ezibhankini.

Isixhobo ngocingo ezimbini tshin

Ekubeni kukho ucingo-ezimbini kakutsha dosimeter indlela yokwakha ngezandla zabo? Enyanisweni, ukuba pick up onke amacandelo kuyimfuneko, lo msebenzi doable. Ngokuyintloko zikhiwa capacitance idivayisi. Njengomgaqo, kokuba ikhethwe uhlobo zeplastiki. Ubukhulu balo ixhomekeke ikakhulu kubungakanani tshin. Kufuneka kwakhona Makusoloko kukhunjulwa ukuba capacitor coupling kufuneka ukwakha imodeli. Ngenxa yoko, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela resistors ezintathu.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuba benze dosimeter ngezandla zakhe, esithathwe umatshini. Njengezibonelo ngocingo-ezimbini tshin, akhetha kuphela ijelo elinye. Kufuneka uyifake ngqo ukusuka ekondensa. Rectifiers for dosimeters le hlobo zifana kuphela ekuvakaleni kwelizwi. Ngenxa yoko, le dilators zisetyenziswa ziingcali kunokuba inqabile. Ngqo sokubala ukusebenza yi capacitor umthamo-nge. Ngaphezulu, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isixhobo umatshini kufuneka esifakelwa tshin.

Ukusetyenziswa wire ezintathu-detectors

Indlela yokwenza i dosimeter ngezandla zakhe uhlobo yokupasa ezintathu? Ngoko nangoko ke kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba oku asingomsebenzi olula. Ngaba isixhobo yokupasa ezintathu ukuguqulwa ngobuchule nesilungiselelwe ukuba umlinganiselo kuphela idosi-impendulo, kodwa amandla radiation. Faka i kakutsha Kuyimfuneko kuphela emva kokuba zonke-ngokusebenzisa capacitors zifakwe kwi izindlu. Kulo mzekelo, resistors zisetyenziswa hlwele kuphela.

Ngenxa yoko, le dampers ifanele single-channel. Extender kulo mzekelo, ufuna njalo. kuphela rectifiers resonant zisetyenziselwa umlinganiselo amandla radiation. Kuba yokufaka kufuneka ukuba ukusebenzisa i zentsimbi ngelotha. ama Zener in izixhobo ezo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kunqabile. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-impazamo imilinganiselo liphezulu. Kufuneka kwakhona kukhunjulwa ukuba ekuseteni amandla radiation ixhomekeka kuhlobo imveliso resistor. Amaninzi ke unyule electrolyte.

Ukusebenzisa resistors vector

Babizele ndawonye resistors wesangqa iliso izandla zabo (scheme eboniswe ngezantsi) kungenziwa imazi kuphela detectors lenethiwekhi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, usenokuthenga apho evenkileni kunzima. Kufuneka kwakhona kukhunjulwa ukuba le mveliso kweli xesha lethu sikufanele kakhulu, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindidi detectors. Faka resistors olufunekayo kuphela emva kokuba elingaphesheya ekondensa. Xa ezinye iimodeli soldered iiyunithi ezimbini. Kulo mzekelo, umphathi wesekethe ukumelana ezimbi wambi ukufikelela ohms-30. Ukuchaneka wemilinganiso enokuchatshazelwa kakhulu. Kwakhona ukuchaneka lesixhobo kuchaphazela capacitance. Amaninzi, zikhethwe nge-20 PF. Konke oku ngokwaneleyo ukubonelela esihle kakhulu uvakalelo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuba benze dosimeter ngezandla zakhe, wabeka rectifier. Nguye kulo mzekelo hlobo resonant afanelekileyo. Noko ke, imodeli ngokokuma nako kuqwalaselwa ziingcali ezininzi. Kweli nqanaba ibaluleke kakhulu ukubala parameters yokuphazamiseka electromagnetic. Ukunciphisa impembelelo kokusingqongileyo, iingcali ezininzi bacebisa nokufakela iibhloko electrostatic kwifowni. Thenga nabo ivenkile kunokuba kakhulu elula. Unako ukusebenzisa ephantsi-power kubangela. Noko ke, kule meko, ukumelana ezigxekayo le dosimeter nga kwandisa kakhulu. Kweenguqu amaza azenzeki njalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe kusungula ehlangeneyo.

Ukusetyenziswa resistors ezihlangeneyo

Kunye resistors njengendibaniselwano ukwenza imonitha elula izandla zabo (scheme eboniswe ngezantsi) ingaba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Okokuqala kuya kuthatha pick up umzimba. Kulo mzekelo, ungasebenzisa ibhokisi yeplastiki. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba benze dosimeter ngezandla zenu, kufuneka uzifakelele isidambisi. Amaninzi kokuba bakhethe uhlobo multi-channel. Ngenxa yoko, imodeli single-channel ufundo ukuchana ophezulu musa ukumnika.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iingcali ezininzi bacebisa ukusetyenziswa zokubala. Njengomgaqo, zikhethwe uhlobo yokubini. Kufuneka ufake ngqo kwi tshin. Kulo mzekelo, emva kokuba capacitors ezi soldered resistors. iyonke lwabo dosimeter kuya kufuna iiyunithi ezintathu. Eyokuqala kwezi imiselwe ngqo kwi tshin. ubuzaza balo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kuhlobo olwandisa. Ezinye capacitors ezimbini ziyaxhonywa kwicala olungaphandle rectifier. Kuya kufuneka usebenzise i blowtorch.

Imodeli olulula transistor PP20

Ukuqokelela olu hlobo dosimeters kwemitha ngezandla zabo akukho lula, kodwa kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba kakutsha na kule meko ingena kuphela uhlobo ukubetha. Cwangcisa kufuneka transistor rectifier. Extenders le njongo zikhethwa uhlobo ikakhulu analog. Konke oku kuyimfuneko ukuze ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi amandla radiation. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe sokubala esemgangathweni ukuze dosimeter. Amaninzi asisetyenziswa kunye nesalathisi ingxenye. Eyona iinguqulelo zixhaphakileyo ithengiswa ezivenkileni kunye yophawulo K17. LED olu hlobo kwezixhobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kunqabile. Ngenxa yoko, abahloli, ungafaka kuphela uhlobo ephantsi-rhoqo. Uvakalelo baye ephantsi kakhulu.

Ukusebenzisa transistor PP30

Transistors elolu hlobo ifakiwe, ngokuqhelekileyo kwimodeli yobungcali. Conductivity kubo kuhle, kodwa bayakwazi ukusebenza ngocingo-ezimbini detectors ubhale kuphela. Ukuze ubuthe imonitha ngezandla zakhe kwindawo yokuqala ukwenza izindlu ukuba icebo. Emva koko, kufuneka ukhethe imilinganiselo capacitor lokuphumelela umgangatho dosimeter.

amandla ayo kufuneka ubuncinane kwinqanaba 40 PF. Konke oku kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxhathiso esibi wesekethe kugcinwa ohms-20. Le nguqulelo rhoqo kulo mzekelo ungalawuleka le rectifier. Kuba yokulinganisa amandla radiation esetyenziswa yi osisidambisi oluqhelekileyo. Seta transistor P30 kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba lock olwandisa. Emiternye zener ama asetyenziswa rhoqo, ke, ukuba ukujonga yedosi-impendulo, bekhalisa ngathi yinto embi.

Umfuziselo we capacitor ndizayo

izixhobo uhlobo uvalo ukuza kuthi ga ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Ethelekiswa capacitors ukunyuka intaba, ahluke uvakalelo elincitshisiweyo. Xa ngokuqhelekileyo oku yesekethe ukumelana elibi ayikho ohms ngaphezulu kwe-3. Konke oku kubonisa ukuba ukuchaneka amandla radiation kwezixhobo ezifana kakhulu aphezulu. Kufuneka kwakhona kukhunjulwa ukuba kule meko detectors kuphela uhlobo wire-ezimbini efanelekileyo. Ngokubanzi, umzekelo nge-compact, kodwa iimpawu zahlukile kakhulu. Ezifane kwezi capacitors na uhlobo electrostatic ezifanelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, le rectifiers zisetyenziswa zombini analog ekuvakaleni kwelizwi.

Noko ke, iingcali ezininzi ukucebisa ukumisa yesibini ukhetho sokuphucula nokuchaneka ufundo. Ekwenyukeni ezi dosimeters igunya efanelekileyo avareji. Kufuneka kwakhona Makusoloko kukhunjulwa ukuba ilight zener zisetyenziswa izixhobo kunqabile. Kulo mzekelo, i dampers ukwandisa uvakalelo kufuneka abekwe kunye resistors ezimbini.

Ukusebenzisa capacitors broadband

Umhla Broadband ukuguqulwa zinqabile. Ukuqaphela ukuba akuyona indlela engcono. Kufuneka kwakhona Makukhunjulwe ukuba angabi nako ukugqiba amandla radiation. Detectors asoloko esikhethiweyo ukuba izixhobo uhlobo yokupasa ezintathu. Ngoko ke, ubukhulu, ukuba zinkulu kakhulu. Le dampers efakwe ezahlukahlukeneyo dosimeters. Ukuphucula ukuchaneka ufundo basoloko ukusebenzisa ulungiso multi-channel. Ukuxhaphaka EMI kwityala elinikiweyo ixhomekeke iklasi ka-rectifier. Abaninzi kubo baba iingcali kunye bandwidth eliphantsi.

Amaninzi ke ingafunyanwa MP30 enombhalo. Ezinye iinguqulelo eyaziwa MR40 eklasini. impendulo Input kubo kakhulu phezulu, kodwa uxhathiso ezimbi ukuba bakwazi ukumelana eliphantsi. Faka capacitors kwisixhobo kufanele kuphela emva ilungisa tshin ngqo. Kufuneka kwakhona Makusoloko kukhunjulwa ukuba resistors lodweliso iya kuthabatha ezintathu. Eyokuqala kwezi kufuneka soldered ekuqaleni kwikhonkco. Kulo mzekelo, abanye resistors ezimbini ezifunekayo xa olwandisa.

Uvakalelo oluphantsi dosimeter

Dosimeters Uvakalelo oluphantsi amaninzi isetyenziswa yi emkhosini. Ukuba bahlanganise umfuziselo olu hlobo, kufuneka kuqala ukhethe woluvo esemgangathweni. Xa zokubala ezifanayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngokuqhelekileyo zalathisi segmental. Ngenxa yoko, le capacitors ukuba iinguqulelo ezinjalo uhlobo transmission efanelekileyo ngakumbi. Resistors, iingcali ezininzi yaleza ukufumana analog.

Konke oku kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukwandisa uvakalelo lesixhobo ukuya kwinqanaba elifunekayo. Ekwenyukeni abakwimizekelo amandla esezantsi zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ubuninzi ukumelana ezimbi kufuneka ukuba agcine kwi ohms-4. Kude kube ngoku woluvo kufuneka ukuba lwenziwe ngendlela eya ohms-5. Izinga output kuxhomekeke kuphela amandla capacitor. Dampers kwizixhobo yolu hlobo bengekho.