Simonov Monastery (1370)

Yamandulo Simonov isigodlo yasekwa ngeminyaka yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesine, ukuba umtshana, kwaye ngexesha elinye umfundi Sergiya Radonezhskogo zihlaba Fedor. Yaba nguye owathi kamva waye waduma mentor ngokomoya ePrince Don.

Igama Simonov weemonki ogama emva Stefana Hovrina olinene owaba indela uSimon wanikela umhlaba ukwakhiwa ezintsonkothileyo oziikhilomitha ezintandathu emazantsi eMoscow.

Ekuqaleni, lo weemonki akasafuni kancinci phantsi River Moscow, ekhokelela eMoscow, kodwa Fedor, ukuzama ukufumana wedwa ngakumbi, ezikhethwe ngenxa woonongendi kwindawo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu, kufuphi ukusuka endala. Kwaye ngo 1380, Simonov weemonki wafuduselwa indawo apho limi namhlanje. Esizeni endala kuphela kukuliphi Church encinane Yokuzalwa, uqoqo intsimbi apho kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane elinesibhozo wafumana amangcwaba Peresvet kunye Oslabya - amaqhawe kwemfazwe Kulikovo.

Simonov isigodlo Wayesaziwa eRashiya: apha lisoloko bathontelana iminikelo emikhulu. Waba ikakhulukazi uyakuthanda ngokundwendwela i loMlawuli Theodore A., apho ziye ngokukodwa kwakhiwa iiseli ukuba ukumkani kuthandaza ngexesha leNzila. ithe yayo idumileyo - KIRILL kunye Ferapont - kubafundi St. Radonezh, emva koko zigqithiselwe weemonki Aleksandra Svirskogo.

Xa 1771st, xa kolawulo uCatherine II, Simonov weemonki yavalwa waza wajika kumsitho ekusasazeni amandla eyoyikekayo bhubhani nendyikitya yokufa Plaguelands yesifo, kodwa 1795, ngenxa ngokucelwa laseburhulumenteni Russian Musin-Pushkin, eli yokuhlala engcwele ibuyiselwe.

Ngokutsho amazwi umkhumbuzi, woonongendi ngokuphindaphindiweyo waba 'ikhaka "e Moscow, ukukhusela oko ezintshabeni. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, wayesoloko wathabatha ukumelana neentshaba, phantsi iyangena kule AmaTatar, kwaye ke kwamaxesha wonakele ngokupheleleyo kwaye phantse yadilizwa.

Kulo 1920th, emva kokufika urhulumente yamaBolshevik, Simonov weemonki ubunzima bayahlelwa ezininzi zecawa Russian: kuyo uyekwa ngokupheleleyo. Ukususela ngo-1923, isakhiwo kwayo kwaba imyuziyam, eyathatha kuphela de 1930. UMlawuli Museum wayeyindoda ikrelekrele kakhulu kwaye aluncedo, ondiqinisileyo ulwalamano noluntu nebandla lendawo, evumela ukuba baphumeze inkonzo kwenye kwiitempile kutshintshiselwano umgcini myuziyam kunye ococa so indlela zoluntu. NgoJanuwari waloo nyaka iKomishini State kunjalo waqonda ukuba inxalenye woonongendi izakhiwo yamandulo kufuneka ukuba asindise zesikhumbuzo zembali, kodwa yecawa nenxalenye iindonga kunjalo, kwagqitywa ekubeni achithe.

Ukwanda ngobusuku January 21 kwi isikhumbuzo yesithandathu senkokeli emoyeni lenyuka ezintlanu amathandathu iicawa kwingcinga Cathedral kunye belfry, Isango Church neenqaba - Watchdog kunye Tainitski, nazo zonke izakhiwo ezisecaleni. Ngexesha Subbotniks emisebenzi dismantle phantse zonke iindonga Simonov Monastery, wabatshabalalisa bonke amangcwaba ezibe ummandla woonongendi, naphezu mabhodlo aseleyo ukusuka 'ezinqabeni obscurantism eCawa ", njengoko kubhaliwe kumaphepha lowu" Ogonyok ", ngo-1937, sakhiwe i Palace of Culture.

Woonongendi babuyiselwa ibandla kuphela ngowe-1990, xa yaqala ukubuyisela ngenkuthalo.

Kithi kuphela inxalenye encinane kuyo. Ukususela weemonki yakwazi ukuba ukusinda nodonga ngakumzantsi wayo ezinde: i emboxo "Dulo" pentagon "Ukuqhubekela" kwaye unjikelo "Ityuwa" igcinwe njengoko refectory neCawa uMoya oyiNgcwele ..