Pinot Noir: inkcazo, iimpawu, uveliso kunye nohlolo

Pinot Noir (tsh. Pinot Noir, black pine cone) i kwibakala lobugcisa iidiliya ezibomvu kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa ebomvu, pink, iwayini emhlophe kunye champagne. Kukholelwa ukuba kube ukufumana wayini ilungileyo. Pinot Noir kulinywa Ezidiliyeni ezininzi nemimandla iwayini kwi-ihlabathi ngenxa imveliso sewayini abomvu ngumlilo yaye.

Iimpawu kulinywe

Olu uhlobo eyaziwa imveliso yawo phantsi, kwaye kudla ngokuba nzima kakhulu ukufezekisa ukugqibezela ekukhuleni kwayo. Iidiliya ngokuba champagne kunye nezinye iiwayini abengezelayo baqhele ukuba babe kwisivuno aphezulu kakhulu. Isizathu sokuba inkqubo yokukhula ezintsonkothileyo ulula: Pinot Noir amaqunube kuba isikhumba esibhityileyo kakhulu. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba izifo imingxunya ezibolileyo. Ukongeza, kwindawo eshushu lozhnomuchnistoy somdiliya abosulelwe lula nangexoshomba. Ngenxa yoko, le mimandla best ezikhulayo Pinot Noir iindawo sezulu ezipholileyo kunye owomileyo.

Le iintlobo uthambekele kakhulu yemfuza, uninzi lwazo asetyenziswa ukuvelisa iwayini ethandwayo. Ezi ziquka Pinot Meunier, Pinot Gris kunye Pinot Blanc. Ngowe-1990, France eyomeleza malunga 46 iintlobo Pinot Noir. EMzantsi Afrika, Akwazi ukuwela ube Senso lophawu, kangangokuba yayifunyenwe iPinotage.

yeempawu ezibonakalayo

Wine Pinot Noir idla ngokuba isikali qatha okanye ngcathu flavoring, kunye namanqaku currants ebomvu blackberry; iimeko ezithile ezikhulayo unokubanika enemithi incasa obonakalayo. Umbala uba lula kakhulu ezinye iiwayini ezibomvu ukusuka imali encinci mbala eluswini obhityileyo. Pinot Noir uza iinkukhu, ham, yanye imvana emnyaka kunye yehagu. Ngokunxulumene neemfuno ezizodwa iimeko zokulima, le ezahlukeneyo ngokuqhelekileyo ziveliswa ngamanani amancinci kakhulu kunabanye.

Imfihlo Gauls

Pinot Noir yenye iintlobo zokuqala eziye siyakhuthazeka ngenjongo yokwenza iwayini. Sele AD ngenkulungwane yokuqala, amaRoma amandulo eyenziwe asile yakhe bekunjalo. Emva kokuba ngokuhlaselwa eGaul, namhlanje France, babona ukuba izizwe basekuhlaleni basela isiselo asendle Noir namaqunube Pinot, leyo zigcinwe imiphanda yamaplanga, yaye amangaliswa nasongo ezizodwa. Kuthiwa ukuba abalawuli baseRoma kwiminyaka 300 izama ukufumana le wayini.

Xa hlokondiba abantu bakhona wacanda France kwinkulungwane kamva, iwayini waqhubeka ibe ngumba ophambili. Production ugqunywe kumafama ababesebenza abanini nomhlaba otyebileyo.

Kodwa sizathu sibalulekileyo sokuba uhlobo likhule ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, linxulunyaniswa lendela yamaKatolika. Pinot Noir kukhethwe ukusetyenziswa isidlo, kwaye ukusekelwa icawa waba ngaphezu ngokwaneleyo ukuba kabanzi. Ngu VI. n. e. Burgundy yahlulwa izidiliya ezininzi, nganye nezibe kwipropati ebandleni lendawo. Emva kokuba French Revolution ka1789, la mazwe babebanjwe - kwasekwa inani elikhulu zezityalo ezincinane ebezigatywa ngokuzimeleyo.

Ukususela ngelo xesha, Pinot Noir baba ezityaliweyo French iBurgundy, enye yeendawo ezimbalwa ehlabathini apho olu hlobo wokunikela rhoqo isivuno esihle.

Burgundy ehlabathini jikelele

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, Burgundy yeyona efanelekileyo kakhulu kwaye ndawo esibalulekileyo ezikhulayo Pinot Noir. Nantsi i Côte d'Okanye, i "Ithambeka Golden", nto leyo ibanga 50 km kummango iinduli kobubanzi km-3. Kukho inani elibalulekileyo ezenza le ndawo enye intle kwihlabathi ekuveliseni Pinot Noir. ncomo iwayini leyo, asibeke endaweni yokuqala ehlabathini, yeediliya yenyuka tyaba, waqubuda nakwiinduli empumalanga, oqinisekisa ukusebenza ixesha elide kwelanga. Umhlaba iqulethe isixa esikhulu itshokhwe, nto leyo enika semibhobho ezizodwa ngawo umhlaba umyinge lobushushu eliphezulu.

Ngaphandle eBurgundy, Pinot Noir umgangatho eveliswa kwezinye iingingqi. It Willamette Valley e-US, Martinborough, Vaipara and Central Otago e-New Zealand. E Ukraine, iwayini "Inkerman pino Nuar" ziveliswa kumaziko zeNdlu cognacs kweediliya "Tavria" apha kummandla Kherson.

Willamette Valley, Oregon uneemeko ebalaseleyo ngokuba iidiliya ezikhulayo kwaye imozulu aphakathi epholileyo. Ezi zezona zinto ziphambili kwimveliso Pinot Noir. Ngexesha yokugqibela Ice Age entilini kwakukho izikhukula ezinkulu. Xa amanzi ewuthile, ezantsi waba udaka olutyebileyo mlilo, ukwenza ezinye lwemihlaba ilungileyo ehlabathini zadalwa. Valley ufumana intabalala kwelanga kwaye inkqubo esihle lokulawula amanzi. Iwayini kulo mmandla ziphakathi kakhulu kuMntla nakuMzantsi Melika.

E-New Zealand, iindawo Martinborough Vaipara and Central Otago babe mphandle efanayo kunye nemozulu. Central Otago laziwa kakhulu umgangatho Pinot Noir ezimangalisayo. Le ise kwenye zazenziwe kakhulu kwimozulu lwezwekazi New Zealand, onako ukunika yokukhula elilelona lifanelekileyo. Iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba Noir Pinot wavelisa apha ungakhuphisana noompondo vintages kakuhle lika-Burgundy. Ngenxa yobungakanani encinane kummandla Central Otago uya kuze ube ngummandla enkulu yewayini-likhula, kodwa isakhono yokuvelisa sewayini-class ehlabathini zikhona apha. Ugxininiso apha kungekhona ubungakanani kodwa kumgangatho.

Ezinye iingingqi kwihlabathi yaye uthembisa ukuba abavelisi iwayini langutana yale ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka: i Okanogan Valley (Canada), eJamani, Italy (Pinot uNero), eSwitzerland, Austria, South Africa, Serbia, China, Chile ne Australia. wavelisa "iCrimea pino Nuar" iwayini Ukraine.

izidiliya famous

Apha, yonke Ezidiliyeni zase-Burgundy ezinokuhlelwa, kodwa oku kwakuya kuba obungabangeli mdla kunye banal. Kuyenzeka ukukhankanya edume kubo, lokuma for umgangatho ye Pinot Noir, Domaine de la Romanee-Conti.

Isidiliya yenye intle ehlabathini, yaye Noir iwayini Pinot eveliswa ngaphakathi kwayo, rhoqo ufumana iingcali aphezulu uqikelelo iwayini ehlabathini lonke. A incasa unique yenyama yonke SIP nakanjani bonke nethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo ukuba uthenga ibhotile Pinot Noir "Domaine de la Romanee-Conti." Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba iibhotile ubuncinane eninzi zinokubiza phezulu of $ 150, ngoxa amaxabiso sisivuno ngaphambili sifikelele kumaqondo nanto.

Ngaphandle kwe Burgundy lineqela izidiliya ezibalaseleyo, ukuvelisa umgangatho ophezulu Pinot Noir, kuquka Willamette Valley e Oregon neNtaba Edward, New Zealand.

Vineyard Willamette eyaziwa njengomnye eyona eUnited States, yaye Noir yayo Pinot udunyiswa ehlabathini lonke. Ihlabathi analogously Burgundy kunye nenkqubo okuncomekayo yamanzi yendalo, iidiliya ikhule apha ivumela ebomvu iwayini Pinot Noir, kugxininiswa iziqhamo ecocekileyo isipha, ubunzulu kunye kufumaneka bantu.

Izidiliya Mount Edward kwakhona wamsikelela kunye neemeko ezikhulayo ezifanayo lwaseBurgundy. Alan Breydi, umnini-mveliso wewayini ezizodwa kakhulu yaba novulindlela iwayini eNew Zealand, kwaphicothwa yakhe Pinot Noir ogqibeleleyo kwakhokelela ukuvela inani sewayini Obusemagqabini ubunjani eziveliswa ambalwa. Iwayini ezenziwe ntlobo ezikhethiweyo, kwaye paul adlulisele kuye iminyaka yayo emininzi yamava yeqela ngalinye. Isiphumo Pinot Noir iziqhamo ezingcakacileyo, iithowuni ungowomhlaba; amava mnandi kakhulu.

production

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba isidiliya ngamnye kunye Winery ehlabathini isebenza indlela yayo kwimveliso. Ngezantsi ngamagqabantshintshi inkqubo yokuvelisa Pinot Noir.

iwayini Dry uqala ubomi nje, iidiliya ezincinane zibhityile ngebala. Oku sisityalo akulinikwanga kakhulu, nto leyo enika isivuno elungileyo kuphela kweemeko ezivumayo nezincomekayo ezikhulayo - kwimozulu epholileyo elinentabalala ilanga kunye kwamanzi. Ukhuseleko kwizinambuzane kunye nonikezelo lwamanzi ngokwaneleyo kuya kuba eyaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umdiliya uya kuvelisa iidiliya ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ubumnandi kweediliya kuxhomekeka elide kangakanani ihlala emdiliyeni, kunye ulawulo jikelele - ixesha elide, kokukhona mnandi kakhulu. Berry zisikwa kwisithuba ukususela ngoFebruwari ukuya ku April, kodwa inakho ukukutshintsha ngenxa iimeko zemozulu.

inkqubo yemveliso kuqala iwayini Rapid na imeko ephakamileyo yiwayini, ngoko ke isigaba esilandelayo - ahambise zokusebenza iidiliya zikhiwa kwisiza processing. Le isityumzi undintlitha berry yaye ijusi, kwangaxeshanye ezohlula iindiza udiliza. Kwimeko Pinot Noir, juice uhlala wadibana eluswini, ukuvumela tannins ngedayi ulwelo ngaphaya.

Okulandelayo, incindi into enegwele. Le nkqubo iqala xa eyothi elulwelo container kongezwe iwayini engenagwele. Amagciwane kudla iswekile zendalo kunye notywala, njengoko eceleni. Icarbon dioxide kunye nobushushu njengoko ezikhethekileyo, kodwa isixovulelo umoya kufuneka lubonelelwe. Xa zonke iswekile iba utywala, iiseli igwele ayabulawa.

Iwayini Pinot Noir kufuna ixesha ngaphantsi wadibana khumba kweediliya, iwayini ngakumbi ngokupheleleyo-eyomeleleyo, ezifana Merlot, ngoko kubalulekile ukulandela umbala. Xa ukwakheka olifunayo kuyafikelelwa, iwayini ibekwe kwenye ikhonteyina, ngokokuqhelekileyo oki okanye insimbi, ngokuba isigaba esilandelayo yokubola. iznto oki ukunika Iyodwa ezongezelelekileyo tannins.

Ngoko ke iwayini igcinwe endaweni efihlakeleyo okanye iindawo ezifanayo epholileyo neyomileyo. Ithuba elimiselwe kwexesha, ngokokuqhelekileyo qho kwiinyanga ezintathu okanye ezine, xa ukhula inkqubo ukufincelela, xa ulwelo ngaphaya abazahlulayo ukusuka kwenze. Kunyaka wokuqala kulo Noir nkqubo Pinot into ovundileyo, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukuthambisa tannins; elilandelayo akuyi kuyenza.

Emva kweenyanga 20-24. ukuguga iwayini egg elimhlophe wongezelela lokufunxa ezingaphezu izikhumba. Ulwelo ke decanted okokugqibela balithululele mveliso okuphelele zesiselo.

champagne

Ngokuba iidiliya ezisetyenziswa Champagne kunye nezinye sewayini abengezelayo, inkqubo kuqala obukhulu. Berry acofiweyo ngobunono kwaye juice iqokelelwa phambi Ixolo uqalisa imibala ulwelo. juice yomdiliya isetyenziselwa ukwenza kusekho iwayini, leyo ke babe yabengezela.

Eyona ndawo ibaluleke ngokuveliswa champagne ezikhethiweyo ibhotile into enokumelana uxinzelelo ngakumbi. Xa inkonkxa ilungele, oko igalelwe kusekho iwayini. Emva koko ufake igwele kunye neswekile isisombululo, kwaye entsubeni eliswenyiweyo. Njengoko Igwele enegwele iswekile wongezelela, wavelisa utywala kunye carbon dioxide. Xa engekho ukukhuphela le carbon dioxide enyibilikayo kwinto engamanzi.

Iwayini Owalupheleyo ibhotile kancinane aze ajikeleziswe kwaye itsheke de ukwimo uyijongise ezantsi. iiseli afile ahlanganisana emazantsi kwaye ziya kuba zilungele gesi. Kuditshwa intamo yesisombululo okupholisa, iiseli afile kunye nezinye pellet ibhotile tyaba yavulwa kwaye kwiplagi isusiwe.

Ekugqibeleni, phaya phezulu ibhotile obuphalazelwe iwayini elimnandi, kuba itywiniwe; anxibe ucingo metal yaye bubhijelwe alumuniyam eliqinileyo. Champagne ukulungele.

izitya

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo Pinot Noir - yinto ebalulekileyo zokufumana le ukuzonwabisa. Okokuqala, simele sinikele ingqalelo izinto iglasi lwenziwe kuyo. Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba eziqaqambileyo ndiyibonakalalise, njengoko ndimelwe kukuvumela ukuba ubone umbala yewayini.

Ke kufuneka sithathe up izitya onomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo. Umthamo we iglasi kufuneka ezifana ukugcina imali eyaneleyo yewayini kwaye kusafuneka igumbi ujikelezo lula le ulwelo. Oku kufuna iglasi sisitya enkulu.

Inqanawa kufuneka umlenze. Ukuba ubambe iglasi yi esiqwini okanye eme, yeminwe abayi kudluliselwa indebe, kodwa sivumela ukuba ubone ngokucacileyo nomnikelo ilanga.

Okokugqibela, kufuneka kukho isitya tapering phezulu. Oku akuyi kukunceda nje ukuba siphephe ukuvuza, kodwa iya kugxininisa ubumnandi, ukufumana njengokungathi kumnandi ngakumbi.

nokudla

Okokuqala, kufuneka ahlolwe othululwayo. Le nto yenziwa ukukhanya olunombala imvelaphi. Umbala yiwayini ndawana ubudala; mnyama Pinot iintetho Noir ngobomi bakhe, kodwa libunile - ukuvuthwa.

Yintoni elandelayo unika iwayini kujikelezo okungephi. Oku kuya kwandisa ummandla ukunxibelelana zezulu, kwaye yabe namavumba ezingaqondakaliyo. Ekupheleni eliphezulu iglasi siya kufumana osisityebi ngevumba. Ivumba iwayini entsha iluqilima kwaye elinuka, newayini ivuthiwe ndikunike ivumba yesibini umhlaba okanye iinkuni.

Owokugqibela lo nokungcamlwa ngokwayo. Iwayini kufuneka ukubamba emlonyeni wakho, musa ukuginya ngoko nangoko. Ivumba igcwale ngokusebenzisa iphecana eliphezulu zemiphunga. Oko kukuthi, inika incasa yokwenene iwayini. Ukukhulula flavour ngaphezulu, kufuneka uphefumlela ngaphakathi kunye nokukhupha impumlo okanye umlomo ukufunxa kancinci umoya.

Le incasa iya kutshintsha. emibonweni yokuqala umoya ngaphambili, ngoko phakathi kwakhe kunye nesabelo distal. sigaba ngamnye uya kudlulisela ibabe ngokungangqalanga neziqhumiso.

Inyathelo lokugqibela uyaqala Pinot Noir - baginye imali encinane. Oku kuya kunika evakalayo nangakumbi ukungcamla yaye oshiya ekugqibeleni kuba elide emlonyeni. iiwayini ezahlukeneyo ixesha ezahlukeneyo ekugqibeleni kuba, kodwa ulawulo jikelele lobhontsi - ixesha elide, ngcono.

Okokugqibela, kufuneka ngokukhafula intsalela. Kakade ke, ukuba ukunxila ayikho injongo nokudla.