Orlando Ay, Franco-Flemish umqambi: biography, ubuchule

Orlando Ay - owaziwayo Franco-Flemish umqambi le Renaissance. ilifa lakhe kwaye umculo bukhulu kangangokuba okwangoku aphandwa ekupheleni. Nempembelelo kuye kwi ubugcisa nenkcubeko lonke uluntu, kubalulekile.

Ngoko ke, ukuhlangabezana - Ay Orlando (Orlando Ay).

ebuntwaneni

Awazalelwa kuyo umqambi bangamachule 1532 kwi Walloon kwisixeko Mons (Belgium), apho ulwimi nakolu ukwanda French.

Kunye, ilizwi elihle baqeqeshwe kakuhle, Orlando ukususela ebuntwaneni iqala ukucula kwikwayara yecawa, ubananzile indlebe abantu bayo yonke iminyaka yobudala kunye iiklasi. Apho, xa Cathedral of St Nicholas, i Orlando Di Ay omncinane ndaqhelana neemfundiso zonqulo, kuxhotyiswa ngumoya zonqulo nombono sobugcisa lomculo weli xesha. Olu lwazi ke ngoko kuya kuba negalelo elikhulu ubomi kunye nomsebenzi lomntwana onesiphiwo.

Ngenxa ilizwi layo engaqhelekanga ezimibalabala Ay Orlando sibi wafumana ithuba elilodwa ukubaleka ukusuka kwidolophu encinane yaye ndiyaqonda izakhono zabo zobugcisa.

Oku kwenzeka xa uYesu wayeminyaka ilishumi elinambini ezelwe. On memeza yakhe sonorous ezintle wabonisa Ferrante I Gonzaga - Bala kunye Viceroy yeSisili, inkokeli esidumileyo yomkhosi oyiNgcwele bonke uBukhosi baseRoma. Uthe ukufaka choristers ezinesiphiwo becula ndlwana yakhe.

Ay, Orlando wathabatha isipho kwekamva. Ekunye inkosi yakhe, waya eItali, ukutyelela umzi ezintle ezinomtsalane kwaye wenza kwimfundo-self. Yaba ngeli xesha Ay Orlando uqalisa ukuqamba umculo indlela iintsomi Italian, kwaye ukuzuza ababephila kuthandwa.

ulutsha

Xa wayeneminyaka engama-iminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe, Orlando Ay, engobomi kunye nobuchule zeziphi umxholo weli nqaku, le nkonzo iya umxhasi Neapolitan odumileyo, i Marquis della esithathwini kwaye iyaqhubeka ukusebenza italente emveliso.

Ay wayengekho ubeminyaka imashumi mabini ezelwe xa isithuba uxanduva kunye nempembelelo of Kapellmeister isonto isonto laseRoma emva kokuba uYohane St. umbhaptizi. Into yokuba umntu oselula onjalo ndingophathiswe indawo yobunkokheli enjalo ebalulekileyo, ithetha lukhulu: Ay-yomqambi kwaye kuqikelelwa yi ababephila malunga noku.

Imisebenzi ye umqhubi akazange nje ikhuni le orchestra choir, kodwa ukubhala umculo, elingcwele, ngezihlandlo ezikhethekileyo.

Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, i-Orlando zinetalente eshiya isikhundla sakhe akwizikhundla eziphezulu kunye beshiya ikhaya. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, oku ngenxa yokugula sikanina.

Imisebenzi yokuqala eshicilelweyo

Emva kokusweleka kwabazali bakhe bafudukela e-Orlando Ay Flemish Antwerp, apho ezikuqokelelo lupapashwe imisebenzi yakhe abanetalente. Le umqambi abatsha uncedo angathethekiyo nenkxaso Tilman Suzato - eyaziwa umqambi kunye notoizdatel nempembelelo.

Ingqokelela enkulu iquka imisebenzi ezincinane ngothando ombambazelayo kwi isimbo Italian (madrigals) kunye nemisebenzi strophic uyakhala (chansons French) kunye nemisebenzi noburhabaxa polyphonic (motets Latin).

Promotion

Xa eneminyaka engamashumi amabini anesine, Orlando Ay, ogama umculo yaphinda yathandwa ngokubanzi ngaphandle yelizwe lakhe, waba isimemo sibi kwinkundla the wohlobo Duke Albrecht V. Albrecht yaseBavaria wayesaziwa ngokuba umsindo wakhe olungileyo kunye nesimo sengqondo ukubhanxa malunga amagcisa.

Ekuqaleni umqambi waba chorister ekwayaleni. Yena waba Ngokwentetho ephakamileyo, wathabatha amanqaku ekuthiwa-yasebukhosini. Kodwa ke kwiminyaka esixhenxe kamva, imvumi abanetalente wathembela indawo Kapellmeister.

Yamkhweletela kakhulu kwaye ngenkuthalo kulindeleke ukuba basebenze. Oku kudala iqela eyimfuneko kubantu ilizwi elihle nje kuphela, kodwa kananjalo indlebe somculo. Ngokucokisekileyo benza kuziqeqesha yonke imvumi okanye mvumi.

ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, iokhestra eziculwayo ducal waba lomculo yobungcali kakhulu somculo, udumo abeye ehlabathini jikelele, kunye Munich - isixeko apho yena - waba kwelinye lamaziko omculo ezibalulekileyo Europe.

Orlando Ay, ogama yenziwa rhoqo kwigumbi wohlobo, kuxhaphaka ngoku ukuba abantu kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi imisebenzi, baba inxaxheba kwimisebenzi zokufundisa. Ngaloo wazomeleza italente yakhe kwaye impembelelo yakhe phakathi abathandi zobugcisa, kwakunye nokwanda ikomkhulu yayo.

ukusela umqambi

Ngaloo mihla, neemvumi ezinkulu abanetalente badla baba ngabakhonzi abantu izindlu apho bakhonza. Kodwa Ay Orlando wakwazi ukuphepha loo isiphelo yaseXhora.

Benawo Ingqondo esebenzayo kunye ingqiqo enkulu uburharha, umqambi wakwazi ukufumana ukuba nentlonelo, nokuba isimo sakhe deferential kwicala abazizityebi kunye nezidwangube. Ay waba lokuxoxa elungileyo: uyakwazi ukuphulaphula ngenyameko yaye ngexesha lokuba Ukufaka igama ebeliciko okanye nehlekisayo. Ukuba ulwazi lweemo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa, Orlando njengento Connoisseur enkulu kunye nengcali ohloniphekileyo. Afikelele intliziyo iintetho enyanisekileyo okanye neziqhulo funny, ecaleni kuye omnye ndaziva lula. Ayimangalisi into yokuba emva kweminyaka emibini kuphela emva kokufika kwakhe enkundleni ducal ngayo umqambi elinomtsalane wazeka intombi i manenekazi anempembelelo kwaye baqhube iphulo kubomi evulekileyo, simema ukuqeshwa lobuqu Albrecht V.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Ukuzalisekisa imisebenzi yabo Kapellmeister, Orlando Ay waya eItali, France kunye England. Yena wabelana bubuchule kunye nezinye iimvumi abanetalente, ozibuthileyo abahambahambayo iimvakalelo ezintsha ngeemvakalelo, warhola inkuthazo kubo.

Xa - wayesele ekubonile umqambi idumileyo neyandlalwe indawo zewonga Dresden nokumkani Saxony, kodwa ngenqaba, kwakunye nezinye izimemo ezininzi ezilingayo, kuba andifuni ukutshabalalisa indlela esekwe kakuhle ubomi kwaye ushiye eyadini, apho wafumana Zola kunye nentlalo-ntle.

Kuthiwa ukuba isiphelo sobomi Ay waba kakuhle onesisa gqitha kakhulu nangakumbi. Yangoku Duke (kwaye oku wayengunyana ka Albrecht - William bosuku) yena wamvusa, wamkhulula imisebenzi yakhe Kapellmeister zempilo, ukubeka iinzuzo obukhulu zomhlala-thaca a villa omhle.

Formation of art zomculo

Kwi umsebenzi umqambi kaThixo gqitha uhambo lwakhe phesheya eYurophu. Sijule inkcubeko kumazwe ahlukeneyo, wona ngokunzulu ziboniswe iimpawu zayo kazwelonke baze bafunde izenzo zabo into awayecinga impumelelo ankrelekrele iyimpumelelo elo xesha.

On inqubo humanistic Ay, yena ziboniswe ezininzi kwiincwadi zakhe nefuthe nobuhlobo bakhe ziimbongi ezifana French pleyadovtsami njengoko Ronsard kunye de Baifa.

ubuchule yenkolo

Uninzi amaqhekeza eziphuma emlonyeni Lasso - umculo ecaweni, equlathe mibongo umqambi, okanye izicengcelezo lingatshitshi, waboleka quote.

Apha, kukhankanywa kufuneka zenziwe ngaphezu izihlwele amathandathu umbhali, Requiem yakhe (umngcwabo okanye isijwili oratorios ezinkulu) kunye nemijikelo ezine, kunokutshiseka (imisebenzi bavakalisa izimvo zabo kunye sedrama abazinikele kwiimbandezelo zikaKristu). umculo ibandla Elivisisanayo kwaye zibalulekile kunye nemisebenzi Orlando zidweliswe apha ngezantsi:

1. Iveki Holy Officiorum - inkonzo ekhethekileyo, zizotywe nobusuku.
2. Ngaphezu kwekhulu Wayesethi, ngokusekelwe umthandazo (okanye ebulela) Mary - uMama kaKristu, ezithatyathwe yeVangeli kaLuka, isahluko sokuqala.
3. Ngaphezu kwekhulu neengoma - ezidumisa abalinganiswa yeBhayibhile.
4. Mininzi neminye imisebenzi yokomoya (kwi indlela Rap okanye Madrigal). Kwakhona kufanele kuphawulwe Rap yakhiwe wabulawa malunga umYuda nomnyeni abadala ababini abangendawo. Elinye ibali ethandwayo ukuba imveliso ithathwa evela kwimithombo non-canon okanye engekho.
5. chants zonqulo esekelwe eZibhalweni.
6. Amakhulu madrigals zokomoya motets, kubandakanywa umjikelo edume kakhulu nebalulekileyo ezaqanjwa semigolosnyh "Iinyembezi eSt Peter 'amancinci kunye nokuqokelelwa" Penitential Psalms kaDavide. "

umsebenzi wempangelo

Kodwa Orlando Ay akazange agcine iitalente yakhe imisebenzi zonqulo kuphela. Umculo le Renaissance ibingayi ibe ezithandekayo, ihlaziyiwe kwaye ngobukhulu, ukuba bangenzi nomsebenzi wakhe onjalo ezizodwa, ezingxamisekileyo kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo kuya kufuneka ukuba ahlawule ingqalelo oku kulandelayo:

1. Abangaphezu kwekhulu elinamanci mahlanu Villanelle. Villanelle - ingoma yesikhumba ngesimbo Neapolitan, ebonakala izibongo lyric okunomnyinyivane comedy kunye polyphonic umculo.
2. Malunga namakhulu amabini moresok. Moreschi - ukwakhiwa ingoma kunye nomdaniso, whimsically obonisa amaSilamsi.
3. Canzones ebekwe. Canzone - ingoma ombambazelayo le troubadours.
4. Abangaphezu kwekhulu elinamanci mane iingoma German ubudala.
5. Malunga amabini, anamanci mahlanu wempangelo madrigals, chansons kunye faburdonov.
6. Phantse namakhulu amahlanu motets. Motet - uyakhala polyphonic umsebenzi kunye polyphonic yokugcina. Ay imisebenzi enjalo ezazijoliswe izinto zehlabathi, iinjongo yayisetyenziselwa okanye yemikhosi.

imisebenzi ezihlekisayo

Ay kwakhona wabhala iingoma ahlekisayo. Umzekelo, ukusela sakhe ngoma ( "Uyakwazi Ngoku ke ndiyavuya," okanye "Thixo, wena wenza iwayini") izaliswe imibala eqaqambileyo of ahlekisayo kwaye kulula ukuyifunda. Bazimisela abalaleli ngenxa ngendlela eyakhayo, baphumle baze babe kumnandi, ukuba kuyimfuneko kangaka ngexesha ngemithendeleko neminyhadala.

isandi intlekisa Weva edumileyo uthando misindo yabhalwa Orlando, apho ukuchukumisa ahlekisayo obhityileyo yindlela ijoni German sigqwethe amazwi Italian.

Kwakhona umqambi enkulu kudale imisebenzi engaphucukanga, apho uhlobo ungakhathaliyo yokudlala wachaza amathuba esiyimfeketho, esiyimfeketho okanye umoya ezithathwe izinto ebomini.

Kuyimfuneko ukukhankanya Rap yakhe ikhululekile ebubudenge amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu abafazi, ethetha oqingqiweyo nature nezemarmore, okanye Villanelle malunga yokuluka ocoliweyo, leyo ngazo kwi isampulu. Ngaphezu koko, phantsi osimelela ngentonga apha kwakuthetha umfazi isidima lula, ukuze bathengise uthando lwabo kwabanye.

Phakathi kwezinye imisebenzi ahlekisayo eziyimfuneko ukungabi naxanasi, ukuba ahlawule ingqalelo kwizibhalo umxholo ethandabuzekayo, becula utywala kunye nokunxila. Ngaphezu koko, baye kumisa njengento eyenziwe mbumbulu ye motets kakhulu.

iimpawu ezikhethekileyo bobuchule

ubungayi kuba ayakhanya nolwahlukileyo, hayi nje ngokucacileyo kunye zenkqubela phambili, ukuba kungabi ngenxa umsebenzi ezinobuchule Orlando Ay Umculo le Renaissance.

Style Ay - indibanisela evumelanayo umculo intsomi kunye izicaphulo kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye umculo sublime nangokomoya yobungcali, umxholo ezifundisayo.

Xa imisebenzi yakhe, umqambi enkulu ayizange ayeke kuphela ngayo ibali elinye okanye ngohlobo olulodwa. Ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nokwenziwa, Orlando wabhala imisebenzi yakhe phezu imixholo yehlabathi nangokomoya, nehlabathi lakhe umculo yaba multi-amaninzi nezahlukeneyo. Wayengazi transfer mibala abanetalente ngokulinganayo kwaye esengqiqweni ezilusizi kunye nesandi ahlekisayo, amava ezifihlakeleyo ngokomoya kunye neminqweno babalo uburheletyo, mbongi zefilosofi kunye adventures ezingafanelekanga.

Ukusebenzisa umculo iintsomi kunye namabali emveli ucula Ay wadala ezaqanjwa kunye ezintsonkothileyo uncuthu emibalabala ngezinga elikhulu, virtuoso ukutshintsha ithoni ukungcangcazela.

Xa iingoma zabo, lo akungumlonjikazi uye wasebenzisa ezinye izandi - uyakhala isitalato okanye izikhokelo usapho, wabanika ephawuleka umlinganiswa okanye umgca lomdaniso elikhetheke ngokwenene ezintsha abanye ubugcisa lomculo weli xesha.

impilo Personal

Orlando Ay, watshata eneminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithoba lady amanene inkundla wohlobo Regina Vekinger. Yaba umtshato elide abantwana abaninzi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ababini oonyana umqambi enkulu - Rudolph kunye uFerdinand - kamva baba iimvumi elungileyo.

ukufa

Orlando Ay wafa Munich eneminyaka engama ezingamashumi amathandathu anesibini. Waza ke wangcwatywa kwi ibandla Franciscan.

Ngokukhawuleza emva kokufa kwakhe yena wabeka tofotofo, naziiperile ebomvu, lesikhumbuzo. Eliyinhloko ezotywe umfanekiso yokungcwabela Kristu, kwaneento kwinzala oswelekileyo ukuya eyindoda, nomhlolokazi wakhe - kunye nenzala ababhinqileyo.

Ematyeni bas-isiqabu yaba epitaph elide laudatory, kwakunye Crest, usapho Ay.

Ngenxa zaqalwa mass olwaqala ngo-1800 e-eBavaria, ziyahlelwa amangcwaba ngalo mzuzu engaziwayo.