Nokumelana: Iintlobo iindlela zokukhusela umhlwa

Nokumelana - ukutshabalala metal, yodongwe, iinkuni kunye nezinye izinto ngenxa kwemichiza okanye physico-imichiza intsebenziswano. Ke ezibangela esi siphumo kunganqwenelekiyo ukuba zenzeke, zahluke. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kungalingani noshowo yeziphumo thermodynamic yokusingqongileyo. Makhe sihlolisise into yokuba umhlwa ezinjalo. Iintlobo nokumelana nabo ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ingqalelo, kwaye ukukhusela nxamnye ayikho ngaphezu intetho.

A bit kolwazi jikelele

Sasidla ukuva elithi "umhlwa", nto leyo isetyenziswa kwimeko umhlwa le intsimbi kunye aluminium. Kukho into "ukuguga", - ukuba uphawu neeplastikhi. Enyanisweni, ukuba enye kwaye ziyafana. A Umzekelo iphawulekayo - nokushwabana amanqaku zerabha ngenxa unxibelelana mpilo esebenzayo. Ukongeza, ezinye iinxalenye zeplastiki awabulawa imvula. Izinga flow nokumelana kuxhomekeke kokusingqongileyo ise apho ziko. Ngenxa yoko, umhlwa kwi imveliso metal ziya kusiwa ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi, kungona iqondo lobushushu. Ikwachaphazela ukufuma: eliphezulu oko kukuthi, i ngokukhawuleza intsimbi uba azalufanelekela ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi. Empirically sizimisele ukuba malunga ne-10 ekhulwini iimveliso zesinyithi zitsalwa lisenza kwaye ngumtyholwa - umhlwa. nokumelana iindidi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye zihlelwa ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo eendaba, uhlobo ukuhamba kunye like. Makhe sijonge ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

ngezigaba

Okwangoku kukho zokuhlola ngaphezu ezimbini ukurusa lwalo. Sinikela kuphela iindidi ezininzi ezingundoqo nokumelana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zingakotshwa zahlulwe maqela alandelayo:

• nokumelana Chemical - inkqubo yentsebenziswano kunye bume bako, apho igcwala le intsimbi kunye oxidizer recovery wahlolwa isenzo esisodwa. Intsimbi kunye oxidant nje nendawo ngokwahlukana.
• Electrochemical nokumelana - metal inkqubo intsebenziswano kunye nesisombululo electrolyte. Ionization-athom kunye nokufunyanwa oxidizer kunjalo kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo,, ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke kwisantya okunamandla electrode.
• Gas nokumelana - imichiza ukurusa zentsimbi kunye isiqulatho encinci sokufuma (ngaphantsi kwe 0.1 pesenti) kunye / okanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwindawo medium sukube. Amaninzi, ezi zilwanyana ifumaneka kwi kwemichiza kunye petroleum mveliso.

Ukongeza, kukho isixa esikhulu lweenkqubo irusi. zonke zibe umhlwa. Iintlobo nokumelana Ukongeza ngentla, kuquka bemvelo, radioactive, umoya, qhagamshelana, mlonyeni, njl isihloko ukurusa.

nokumelana galvanic kunye neempawu zayo

Xa inkqubo ezinjalo zokonakalisa kwenzeka phezu zoqhagamshelwano intsimbi kunye electrolyte. Njengoko lo wokugqibela kuba condensate okanye imvula amanzi. Kulwelo ngaphezulu iqulethe neetyuwa kunye acids, kungona Unikezelo lombane, yaye ngenxa yoko ke isantya sokuqukuqela yenkqubo. Ke zona iindawo benegxaki umhlwa lobume metal, oko rivet, welds, mechanical indawo umonakalo. Ukuba iimpawu noshowo ingxubevange intsimbi kwenza kube ukumelana ukurusa, le nkqubo kancinci, kodwa usaqhubeka. Umzekelo oyinhloko zinc. Into yokuba zinc unalo ligxekekayo ngaphezu yentsimbi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu elula, i intsila of intsimbi lifinyele, kunye zinc bunokusenza. Nangona kunjalo, phambi kokuba umboniso oxide kumphezulu ehla inkqubo kukwaphulwa. Kakade ke, nazo zonke iintlobo nokumelana electrochemical iyingozi kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokuba nzima ukujamelana nawo.

chemical nokumelana

utshintsho metal ezinjalo rhoqo. Umzekelo okuphawuleka kukuvela isikali evela intsebenziswano ne-oksijini iimveliso zesinyithi. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kulo mzekelo lisebenza njenge namafutha le nkqubo, kwaye inxaxheba ulwelo ezifana namanzi, iityuwa, ii-asidi, kwealkali kunye nezisombululo yetyuwa. Ethetha izinto ezifana ubhedu okanye zinc, igcwala yabo kukhokelela umhlwa umboniso ngakumbi izinzile. Steel uhlobo imveliso efanayo oxide yentsimbi. Eminye inkqubo yemichiza kunokubangela nomhlwa, nto leyo ayinikeli naluphi na ukhuseleko ngokuchasene umonakalo ngakumbi, kodwa kunokuba negalelo koku. Okwangoku, zonke iintlobo nokumelana yamachiza bungaveli ngokusebenzisa galvanizing. Zinokusetyenziswa kunye nezinye iindlela zokukhusela.

Iintlobo nokumelana eziphathekayo

Utshintsho kwi isakhiwo kunye nokwanda brittleness ngekonkriti phantsi yempembelelo yokusingqongileyo unokuba kweentlobo ezintathu:

• Ukutshatyalaliswa amaqhekeza amatye isamente - enye yeyona ixhaphakileyo nokumelana iintlobo. Yena indawo apho imveliso ye nabambekayo ngocwangco boniswa imvula okanye kwezinye izinto ezimanzi. Oku kubangela calcium hayidroksayidi kokuhlanjwa kwaye iphazamisekile isakhiwo.
• Ukusebenzisana asidi. Ukuba ilitye isamente uya kuqhagamshelana isakudityaniswa nee-asidi, yenza calcium yesoda - ndlongondlongo iikhemikhali element ukuba imveliso eziphathekayo.
• Crystallization kwezinto ngokonga emanzini. Enyanisweni, siye sikhumbule biocorrosion. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba magciwane (imbewu, fungi) ufake pores kwaye ziphuhliswe khona, ukuze itshatyalaliswa.

Nokumelana: Iindidi, iindlela zokhuseleko

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, izigidigidi ilahleko yonyaka zikhokelele kwinto yokuba abantu kufuneka ukujongana nezi iingxaki. Kukhuselekile ukuba zonke iintlobo nokumelana akuthethi kungakhokelela kwilahleko intsimbi, kunye ezesiNyithi elinqabileyo, ukwakhiwa achitha eninzi imali. Kunzima ukutsho ukuba okanye hayi ukunika 100 ukhuselo ekhulwini kunokwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nokulungiselela indawo efanelekileyo, nto leyo ukuba shaya ukucocwa, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuzuzwe iziphumo ezilungileyo. nokumelana Electrochemical sikhusela le paintwork xa isetyenziswe kakuhle. A ukwaphuka intsimbi phantsi komhlaba ngokuthembekileyo ukukhusela unyango kumphezulu ekhethekileyo.

iindlela ezisebenzayo neyokwenziwa womzabalazo

Umongo iindlela ezisebenzayo kukuba ukutshintsha ubume yentsimi kabini zombane. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kukho umthombo rhoqo yangoku. Le ombane kufuneka zikhethwe ukwenzela ukuba kwandiswe i electrode enokubakho kwimveliso ofuna ukukhusela. Enye indlela ethandwa kakhulu - "imibingelelo" anode. It ibhuqiwe, ekhusela izinto ezingundoqo.

ukhuseleko UMSI kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa yepeyinti. Eyona njongo iphambili ukuthintela ngokupheleleyo ukungena ukufuma neoksijini kumphezulu ezikhuselweyo. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla embalwa, iyavakala ukusebenzisa zinc, ubhedu okanye nickel nesingxobo. Nkqu umaleko ngokuyinxenye batshatyalaliswe uya kukhusela nesinyithi kwiindawo ukurusa. Kakade ke, ezi ndidi nokhuseleko umhlwa zesinyithi zisebenza kuphela xa umphezulu kuba elingenasiphako ebonakalayo ezifana ukuqhekeka, iitshiphusi kunye like.

Isefu iinkcukacha

Thina wawuzegquma iintlobo ezisisiseko nokumelana, kwaye ngoku ndifuna ukuthetha malunga neendlela ezingcono yokhuseleko. Elinye lawo kwalenza. kubume bayo usendleleni yokuba umphezulu umsebenzi isicelo zinc okanye intsila yayo, enika iipropati kumphezulu physicochemical. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le ndlela kucingelwa ukuba yenye yezona enoqoqosho nefanelekileyo, naphezu into yokuba zinc nesingxobo izinga malunga-40 ekhulwini yemveliso yehlabathi lwesi sakhi. Dip kwalenza sheets zentsimbi ukuze phantsi, izinto zokubopha, kwakunye izixhobo kunye nezinye isinyithi. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, i nge metallization okanye meko na kukhuselwa imveliso nawuphi ubukhulu kunye nokumila. Zokuhombisa iinjongo nezinki ayiwenzi, nangona ngoncedo ezithile ongeziweyo ezikhethekileyo kunokwenzeka ukufumana imigangatho emenyezelayo. Enyanisweni, i-metal uyakwazi ukunika ukhuselo kutsho kwiindawo ezinobutshaba.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke ndithi kuni, Oku umhlwa. Iintlobo nokumelana nazo ingqalelo. Ngoku uyazi ukuba azikhusela njani komhlaba ukusuka ukurusa kwexesha. Ubukhulu becala, oko kwenza kube lula kakhulu, kodwa ixabiso elikhulu, apho kwaye ukusebenzisa imveliso ngayo. Ukuba usoloko ubethwa obuluqilima kunye ukungcangcazela, kukho amathuba aphezulu isenzeko neentanda paintwork, apho ukufuma iza kuwa phezu intsimbi, kunye result ukuba ngcembe ziya kugxagxiseka. Kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa gasket yerabha ezahlukeneyo sealants entsimini yentsebenziswano iimveliso zesinyithi niyolule kancinane ubomi ukutyabeka.

Kulungile, yiloo nto kuphela kule sihloko. Khumbula ukuba ukusilela noshowo ngaphambi kwexesha ngenxa yeziphumo nokumelana kungakhokelela ekubeni iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kwishishini uba umonakalo izinto ezinkulu ilahleko yabantu zinokwenzeka ngenxa ukurusa yenethiwekhi metal.