Nazarbayev Indlela ubudala? Biography Nursultan Nazarbayev

Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbaev - umongameli (lokuqala kuphela) Kazakh SSR (1990-1991) kunye Republic of Kazakhstan (Disemba 1991 - langoku). Ngowe-1984-1989 koko wabubhekisa i-Kazakh SSR iBhunga labaPhathiswa, waza emva koko waba unobhala yokuqala Communist Party. Ngaba kwesihloko "iNkokeli of the nation '. Ngo-2011, abantu baphinde bonyulwa nguMongameli Nursultan Nazarbayev ixesha yesine. Kweli nqaku uzakumelwa biography of umongameli Kazakhstan. Uza kufunda kweminyaka emingaphi Nursultan Nazarbayev. Makhe siqale.

abazali

Nursultan Nazarbayev wazalelwa kwilali Chemolgan (Alma-Ata kummandla Kazakh SSR) ngo-1940. Abazali umongameli elizayo Sizibandakanye kwezolimo. UYise - Abish - Ndaphuma kwintsapho Nazarbaya ngokundibetha, kunye nomama wakhe - Alzhan - mullahs kwilali usapho Kasyk. Nursultan uyise indoda ngokubenza ohloniphekileyo. Ukongeza i-Kazakh, yena wayesazi iilwimi Russian kunye Balkar. Abish kakuhle becula iingoma Russian kunye Kazakh, wayesoloko wavuya iindwendwe wakwazi ukunika iingcebiso elungileyo. Ke kaloku, ukuba Nazarbayev wazi njani ubudala. Ngokufutshane chaza usapho kaMongameli.

usapho

Biography Nazarbayev iqulethe iinkcukacha ngokhokho yayo yesizwe 12. Sam Nursultan wayesazi ukuba ukususela ebuntwaneni. Isizukulwana yesibhozo ukhokho wayo ngqo yaba Karasai Batyr, eyaziwa ngokuba zobuqhawe bakhe emfazweni nxamnye djungars (1640-1680 biennium). Nursultan Nazarbayev ebizwa uyisemkhulu. Ngokutsho amaxwebhu agciniweyo ngo-1880, waba indoda esisityebi, ube lokusila amanzi kunye conected kuyo aryk.

Xa ngo-1991 wapapasha incwadi, "Ngaphandle ekhohlo nasekunene", Kazakhs ndafunda nje kuphela ngendlela ubudala Nazarbayev, kodwa ukufunda ngazo zonke izalamane zakhe.

• Dade - Anipa.
• Brothers - Satybaldy kunye Bulat.
• Umfazi - USarah Alpysovna. Okwangoku nohola "Kid 'sa fund.
• Ntombi Dariga - iLungu lePalamente, umtshato; Alia - inxaxheba kwezoshishino, wabubhekisa inkampani yokwakha i "Elitstroy"; Dinara - yinto zabelo enkulu National Bank of Kazakhstan, isimo $ 1.3 yezigidi zezigidi.
• We Nursultan 8 abazukulwana kunye kakhulu-abazukulwana 2 kakade.

Imfundo yasekuqaleni kweminyaka

Iminyaka 18 njengoko kanzima. Ngowe-1960, umongameli elizayo Kazakhstan waphumelela kwisikolo uqeqesho Dneprodzerzhinsk. Ngowe-1967 izidanga iikholeji zobugcisa kwi-Karaganda Metallurgical Dibanisa, le okukhethekile "injineli Metallurgical".

umsebenzi Early

Employment History Nazarbayev waqala kulawulo wokwakha "Domenstroy", apho wayesebenza iminyaka elithoba - ukususela 1960 ukuya 1969. Ngaloo ndlela Nursultan ikwazile ukudibanisa umsebenzi ngemfundo. iqinile sakhe ziye zaphawulwa, yaye ngowe-1969, Nazarbayev wenza intloko yokuthwala isebe-mveliso kwikomiti kwisixeko Temirtau. Ukongeza, umongameli elizayo sakhutshelwa umsebenzi Komsomol akhululwe. Management wayesazi Nazarbayev indlela ubudala, kodwa, nangona ubudala wakhe Nursultan, echazwe indawo yakhe Komsomol sikanobhala kwikomiti. Kamva, waba iBhunga zoMmandla waba lilungu lekomiti wesixeko zeqela.

Ukususela 1973 ukuya 1984 waba njengoNobhala Nursultan. I umbutho kuphela apho wasebenza. Nazarbayev wasebenza kwikomiti iqela zengingqi kunye nekomiti iqela kunye Steel Works, nkqu Communist Party.

Rise career

Ingongoma yinguquko umsebenzi wakhe ngo-1980, xa Nursultan waba ibamba yeBhunga Ephakamileyo. Kule sikhundla, wasebenza iminyaka elishumi. Ngeli xesha, Nazarbayev weza njengelungu le-Central Ukuphicothwa Commission of the CPSU yaza yabonisa buqu ukuba umntu onoxanduva kunye nobuchule.

Eyona kubalulekile ukuba ikamva uMongameli Kazakhstan ngowe-1984, xa wamiselwa noSihlalo weBhunga yaBaphathiswa. Urhulumente wayesazi Nazarbayev indlela ubudala. Wayeneminyaka eli-44 kuphela. Ngenxa yoko, Nursultan Nazarbayev waba iNkulumbuso cinci kwiriphabliki.

Iminyaka emihlanu elandelayo ukusebenza ngokuzimisela kunomvuzo, kunye Nazarbayev wonyulwa ulibamba USSR. Phakathi ku-1989, wayeka njengoMongameli iBhunga labaPhathiswa, ukuba nesithuba sikanobhala lokuqala Communist Party of Kazakhstan.

ephumelele

April 1990 sonwabe ngayo Nursultan umsebenzi. Wonyulwa umongameli we-Kazakh SSR. Usindiso kakhulu. Kolu lonyulo, uzuze ama 99 ekhulwini ngaphandle 100. impumelelo zalo kuphindwa ngo-1999, ukwandisa amagunya akhe njengoMongameli kwiminyaka 7. Ngowe-2005, Nazarbayev akazange eze phantsi izikhundla njengesiqhelo. Ngapha koko, abantu Kazakhstan kwakhona wamnika namasundu. Kunyulo lokuqala ngo-2011 uphinde wonyulwa Nursultan Nazarbayev ixesha yesine. Ngoko ke, indlela endala Nazarbayev ngamandla ngalo mzuzu? NgoJulayi kulo nyaka kuya kuba kanye 26 umhla wonyulo amatsha - Disemba 2016.

ubulungu party

Phambi kokuwa yiSoviet Union Nursultan Nazarbayev waba Communist Party. UMgaqo-siseko weRiphabliki Kazakhstan kukho inqaku, othintela intloko karhulumente zezikaYe- naliphi na iqela okanye ukukhokela kuyo. Ngaphandle koku, Nazarbayev inkxaso iqela "Nur Otan". Wabakhapha ngo-2007, xa siseko izilungiso.

ukugxekwa

Nursultan Nazarbayev wagxeka kumanqaku ezine eziphambili: inkululeko yokuvakalisa izimvo, urhwaphilizo, ihlelo bomntu kunye namalungelo oluntu. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

inkululeko yokuthetha

umbutho International "without Borders" liye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wathi ukunyhashwa inkululeko yokuthetha ku Kazakhstan. Rating inkululeko yokuthetha kumajelo eendaba nge indlu Freedom kubeka lizwe 175 kwindawo th ngaphandle 197. Anton Nosik (umlawuli eendaba "Live Journal") ebizwa ngokuba ikwaxina yecebo e Kazakhstan kuthetha theocracies obscurantist kunye zwilakhe loozwilakhe. Yaye "without Borders" ngasentla wenza Nazarbayev kuluhlu "ezizingelayo" eendaba, eyapapashwa kwi-International uSuku Press Freedom.

ukonakala

Transparency International ngo-2004 inikezelwe Kazakhstan th 122 kwihlabathi ngokwemiqathango lorhwaphilizo. Inani lilonke lwamazwe kuluhlu - 146 2.2 we-10 - ukuba ngamanqaku ewonke Kazakhstan. Qaphela ukuba ukuba eli score ngezantsi inombolo 3, libonisa ubukho "yenkohlakalo 'eli lizwe. Nursultan Nazarbayev wavakalisa yokugqibela "imfazwe engcwele", wakhupha Manifesto othi "10 okulwa urhwaphilizo." Uxwebhu asayine iqela amanyathelo yokulwa le nto kuwo onke amanqanaba oluntu kunye norhulumente. Kodwa oku kukhokelele naziphi na iziphumo. Ekupheleni kuka-2013 Kazakhstan lehla kwindawo th 140.

Inani ngamazwe NGOs Nazarbayev wamwisela kuRhulumente ukwenza imbonakalo okulwa urhwaphilizo. Phezu kwe-Ofisi kaMongameli ye-European Organization for Intsebenziswano kunye noKhuseleko ngo-2010, amatsha-ntliziyo amaninzi kweli lizwe aphesheya bathi ukusombulula ingxaki "zorhwaphilizo" yaye "ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu" ngurhulumente Kazakhstan phantse musani ukwenza nawuphi na umgudu. Nazarbayev yeentsapho ngokwayo unyusana kuthotho uphando macala, ukunyoba yaye imali ngokungekho semthethweni, lwenziwa noorhulumente basemzini.

"Kazakhgate" kwakunjalo urhwaphilizo kakhulu ezibi Kazakhstan. Yonke le nto yaqala nesibakala sokuba ngo-1999, abaphandi Swiss ziye emkhenkceni eziliqela akhawunti yebhanki ebeyinalo amagosa Kazakh kwizikhundla eliphezulu lamandla (kuquka Nazarbayev). Kwathi kanti loo mali idluliselwe kwezi akhawunti iinkampani oyile US. Emva konyaka, i-United States kunye kuphando kunye emkhenkceni akhawunti eziliqela, umnini leyo (ngokutsho vekeleke yabo) Nursultan Nazarbayev. Imali iyonke asethi athatha yaba $ 1 billion. Ngo-2007, abasemagunyeni Kazakh lokusiyeka onke amabango ngenxa imali, kwaye ngo-2010, i-US iSebe lezoBulungisa wemka zonke iintlawulo Nazarbayev waza walivala icala.

Esiko ubuntu

iintatheli ezininzi ziye zaphawula ukuba ubukho ukunqulwa nobuntu Nursultan Nazarbayev. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, amagosa amaninzi Kazakh kunye namalungu elite ukuba babaxhase lo mkhwa. Abachasi ibango kamongameli ukuba ilizwe laye likho kunye ukunqulwa ubuntu Nazarbayev. Nangona kunjalo, iqela Nursultan oogxa bengavumelani. Kukho kwakhona imbono yokuba, xa kuthe ihlelo lobuntu Nazarbayev "unetyala" ngabantu.

amalungelo oluntu

Ukusuka kwinqanaba umbono ababukeleyo engekho phantsi korhulumente kunye korhulumente kunye namalungelo oluntu Kazakhstan basoloko nto ixhalabisa. Ngokutsho inkampani House Freedom, nto leyo iye yaqhuba uphando ummandla Kazakhstan, amalungelo ezopolitiko kweli lizwe babe rating - 6, kwaye amalungelo - 5 (usebenzisa isikali ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-7, apho inani 1 - izinga eliphezulu). Oko kukuthi, ebudeni bolawulo Nazarbayev uluntu eyaziwayo "akukho simahla."

Ungumbhali weencwadi

• "Kwaqala Woxolo".
• "Ngaphandle ekhohlo nasekunene."
• "Indlela Kazakhstan kaThixo".
• "Ngomhla emnyango kwinkulungwane yama-21."
• "Yesicelo ekupheleni ufile."
• "Xa imbali flow" et al.

izihloko Author

• "KwiShumi lemiNyaka Critical".
• "Inkosi nobuqili."
• "Umanyano Economic - ayikho enye indlela efanelekileyo."
• "Iindlela zokusombulula iingxaki yoLwandle Aral."
• "Iimeko ezintsha, iziqhoboshi endala."
• "Umphumo lombutho: Imiba kunye Amava".
• "Economy Kazakhstan esithi: Amathuba kunye người"
• "Isithuba yaseYurophu: ekufezekisweni amandla yokuhlanganiswa" et al.

izihloko

NgoMeyi 2010, neerhuluneli ye Majilis ligqithise iipakeji eyilwayo yayisenza iqhawe eli nqaku ubume yinkokeli yohlanga. Le isimo yabelwa Nursultan de isiphelo sobomi akuxhomekekanga kwindlela emininzi iminyaka, uMongameli Nazarbayev uya kuthabatha isikhundla sakhe. Oko kukuthi, kuyo nayiphi imeko aya kuthatha inxaxheba lukhona unxibelelaniso lwamalinge aqhutywayo zaphuhliswa ezinxulumene nomgaqo-nkqubo basekhaya angaphandle. Ukongeza, Nazarbayev ngokwakhe yaye onke amalungu entsapho yakhe iya kuba nabutyala mthetho.

Yomfanekiso inkcubeko

Ngo-2011 kwafika imifanekiso embalwa ebonisa umfanekiso kaMongameli Nursultan Nazarbayev. Kwezi, abaphulaphuli bafunda ngendlela endala Nazarbayev (UMongameli Kazakhstan njengangoku engama-74), kwakunye ngomsebenzi ezi zihlandlo ezingundoqo ngobomi bakhe. Ndifuna ukuthetha amazwi ambalwa malunga film "I Sky of Childhood My". Lo mboniso ubalisa ngobuntwana bakhe kunye nolutsha Nazarbayev. Kwakhona qaphela idrama "Teren tamyrlar" azinikezele ukuba engama-20 ukuzimela Kazakhstan kaThixo.

ukuzenza

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba kwiminyaka emininzi ngoku kunye Nazarbayev bamangaliswa kukuba kule ubudala ngumongameli enkulu udlala igalufa, intenetya, kwaye uyawuthanda Ukuskiya.

anika umdla

• Disemba 1, Kazakhstan zilubhiyozele olu Suku kaMongameli, yona yeyela kudidi yeeholide karhulumente.
• iphephandaba Handelsblatt rated, Nazarbayev na kwi top 10 abalawuli izityebi umhlaba kunye namazwe azo ngamandla mda. Ekubeni fortune $ 1.1 yezigidi Nursultan Nazarbayev uthatha indawo 10.
• Kwi-Kazakh Criminal Code ine inqaku kwanokunikela isohlwayo nokuhlaselwa ubomi inkokeli sentambo kweli lizwe. Yaye sisebenza nokuba ukuzama yaphela ukusilela.
• Kule Chechen Republic, Jordan kunye Turkey, igama lakhe unikwa ukuba izitalato ezimbalwa.
• Le yenye neentshatsheli ezimbini zokuqala kwekota e-ofisini. Oku kuphakamisa umbuzo ubhalo: "Mingaphi iminyaka esilawulwa Nazarbayev?" Impendulo: Iminyaka 26. Thumela abantu okokuqala kwexesha lemo waphumelela ngo-1989. I-isihlandlo sesibini - Islam Karimov (mongameli Uzbekistan).
• Imeko jikelele Nazarbayev clan - $ 7 billion.
• Ukraine, Turkey kunye Almaty ke ezikhumbuzo kuye.
• Ngo-2013, i-website ye iphephandaba "New York Times" wenza zokukala oozwilakhe ezimbi laseAsiya. Yaba Nursultan Nazarbayev. Mdala kangakanani umongameli ngamandla yaye yintoni iimpumelelo ezifunyenweyo ngeli xesha, ilizwe lakhe, le ncwadi ayizange azinakekele. Eyona njongo ephambili ukutsala inzuzo.
• Ukhuphiswano "zwilakhe Best of the Year" lwaqhutywa ngo-2014 liziko French neAfrika ukuba isifundo-mthetho. Nursultan Nazarbayev wathabatha kwindawo yokuqala, ngokuphumelela 100 Euro.
• NgoFebruwari, 2014, Nazarbayev ecetywayo ukuthiya ngokutsha e Kazakhstan Kazak. Ngokuchasene yangasemva ukwehla imali yesizwe, isaziso wamqumbisa iziphumo ezixubeneyo ekuhlaleni.