Lymphoma Mediastinal - ntoni na? Iimpawu, diagnosis

Ngelishwa, ngenxa kwezendalo izigulane ezinomhlaza ukuthotywa iya isiba yonke imihla ngakumbi nangakumbi. Iintlobo zomhlaza baninzi. Bayakwazi ukuba ibe amalungu ezahlukeneyo, ukuphazamisa ukusebenza yabo yesiqhelo. Xa amayeza, kukho into enjalo njengoko mediastinum. Luhlanganisa onke amalungu ukuba ibekwe esifubeni. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izifo eziqhelekileyo oncological i lymphoma le mediastinum. Yintoni na le sha? Yintoni unobangela wayo, iimpawu kunye ALS?

Njengoko nawuphi na umhlaza, lymphoma yahlulahlulwe ngeentlobo ezithile, uye izigaba ezininzi zophuhliso. Kuxhomekeka ebukhulwini oogqirha liphuhlise indlela ekhethekileyo unyango. uqikelelo jikelele, ngelishwa, akukho ezithuthuzelayo - konke oku kuxhomekeke uxilongo kwangethuba lymphoma. I ekuqaleni uxilongo, ngcono ithuba ukuze achache. Ibonke kubaguli kungathatha iminyaka-2 okanye ngaphezulu. Noko ke, simele siqonde ukuba ngeli xesha esi sifo akayi ndawo, ngoko kucetyiswa ukuba enze konke kanye emiselwe ngugqirha, ukwenzela ukunciphisa ubungozi phindo ukuphinda.

lymphoma Mediastinal: ntoni na?

Kakade ke, umntu umlinganiselo kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda isigama unyango, ngoko zama ukucacisa yonke into ngolwimi olulula.

Lymphoma - a wayenomhlaza, nto leyo unohlobo wolusu. Yenzeka kwinkqubo emithanjeni, ngenxa yokuba lo sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi nga localized naphi na. Kulo mzekelo, ithumba mediastinal ebetha imizimba leyo umda kwicala elinye izenzo Isifuba, kwelinye - lomqolo.

Esi sifo sizibonakalisa kwiyantlukawano iseli ezingalawulekiyo. Emva ukuguquka, ukuba bangabi nakufa, okukhokelela nokwanda zabo kwaye ukuyilwa yamathumba. Ekubeni inkqubo emithanjeni liyilwe ezininzi kuThixo unamadlala neempahla zinxulunyaniswa onke amalungu, Ithumba olukhula ngokukhawuleza, esasaza yokhangelo ingakhangelwa wonke umzimba, ngaleyo ndlela iingongoma ezintsha kugxile.

Lo mcimbi ngokusilela ezabelwe lwezonyango yomguli ulindele ukufa. Xa iimpawu ezithile isigulane emiselweyo inani iimvavanyo neemviwo lwenziwe, ngexesha apho ikhompyutha Itomography ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo ngokuqhelekileyo.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba nkqu emva kokuqinisekisa uxilongo kuyo nayiphi na imeko akakwazi izakunikezela kwaye ayeke ukulwa ubomi.

ngezigaba

Amagama imihlaza badla jikelele endalweni. Ngamnye kubo zohlulwa ngokwendidi eziliqela kunye namaqela. Kuqala kwinto zonke, ukwahlula nangezilonda eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. Uhlobo lokuqala yamathumba iphuhlisa umzimba umcu ukuya metastases inkxalabo yesibini.

Zama ukuqonda lokufunyaniswa "lymphoma mediastinal." Kuthetha ntoni oku? Olu hlobo lomhlaza nako ngokuba lymphadenopathy. Ukwahlukana kwenzeka phezu iqela lolwabo lenzeka khona. Kusenokuba thymus, intliziyo, pleura, njalo-njalo.

symptomatology kwesifo

Iimpawu lymphoma le mediastinum ayafana kakhulu kwezinye iintlobo yamathumba amabi. Le ubuthathaka, ukudinwa, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, bamba umphefumlo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iimpawu ukuba ethile sifo. Eyokuqala imbonakalo ukudumba kwezo ndawo apho kwiindawo nkovu zezi: ngaphantsi cheekbones (entanyeni), kwi nasemiphakathweni, kwi kwamakhwapha okanye esiswini. Ukudumba olunjalo ezingahambi ubuhlungu.

Iimpawu lymphoma le mediastinum zidla ngokubonakaliswa ilahleko ubunzima elibukhali. Ekubeni inkqubo emithanjeni ikhusela umzimba zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, isiphazamiso ukusebenza kwalo kungabangela ukunyuka okungephi lobushushu 37-37,5 degrees. Izigulane ezininzi ebusuku kukho ukubila lweenkcukacha.

izinto ezibalulekileyo

Xa silwa lymphoma ukuba iziphumo ezidibanisayo kuxhomekeke zinto zilandelayo:

• Lobudala kwizigulane. I omdala umntu, iingxaki kokukhona kubonakala ngexesha unyango.
• Inyathelo lymphoma mediastinal, apho sifo ibonakele.
• Imilinganiselo nethumba kunye nendawo yayo.
• Uzinzo yamajoni omzimba.
• Inani izilonda kuwenza.

Ukuqwalasela Dynamics sifo kwisithuba seminyaka eli-10, izazinzulu ziye zagqiba ukuba ilandelwe nisaqala ezinkulu cell lymphoma amathuba okusinda unika 90% yezigulane, kodwa kuphuhliso Ukudlulela, eli nani sehlile kwi-20%.

Olusemngciphekweni nje kuphela abantu ubudala eliphakathi, kodwa abo bangazange babe nawo ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, ingakumbi, ukusetyenziswa kusetyenziswe amachiza. Kwakhona kwafunyaniswa sesona lymphoma kwi abo ukunxibelelana izinto ezahlukeneyo eyingozi, ezifana zinambuzane.

ekuxilongweni

Isiphumo unyango entle kuxhomekeke kuphela ekufumanekeni kwangethuba nethumba, kodwa kwinkcazelo lokufunda nokubhala hlobo. siye kuphela ke ukuthetha yezonyango yokungenelela.

Ukusola lymphoma kungenziwa ngugqirha itshekhi. Kulo mzekelo, ingcali uya kumisela elongeziweyo loviwo. Okwangoku, i olusebenzayo kakhulu CT. Ngenxa yakhe, uyakwazi ukuhlolisisa ngenyameko ithumba ukubona komtshiso oko. Kukwacetyiswa kwakhona ukuba biopsy. Le nkqubo iza kwenza i-100% ngokuchana ukugqiba udidi lymphoma.

Ukuba oogqirha izirhano zaye kuqinisekiswa, kuyimfuneko ukupasa okuhlatywa ye umnqonqo. Olu hlahlelo iza kubonisa kwande ngayo esi sifo. Kwakhona kucetyiswa ray scintigraphy kwemiphunga kunye ultrasound esiswini.

Eyona nto ifunekayo ngenxa uxilongo is efakwe nokurenta uhlalutyo igazi. Xa inani umxholo koogqirha LDH ukuqinisekisa iqondo uphuhliso oluqhubela phambili nethumba.

isigaba lymphoma

Zonke imihlaza zahlulwe amanqanaba eziziimpawu ubungakanani thumba kunye neempawu zayo. Le yokuhlela ingqalelo isigama inkqubo eqhelekileyo eqhubekayo. Zokuqala ezimbini - le ndawo, elinye eqhelekileyo. Ukuba nezifo Akukho mpawu, idityaniswa inani unobumba A, nangecesina, ukwehla kobunzima, ukubila - incwadi B.

Izigaba lymphoma:

• Inqanaba lokuqala (I) - ukoyiswa enye indawo kuphela ye ezalathelwe nkovu.
• Inqanaba lesibini lymphoma mediastinal (II) - kwanwenwa kwezinye iindawo, kodwa umda omnye kuphela icala uvalo.
• Inyathelo lesithathu (III) - ukunyuka emzimbeni, omabini amacala uvalo basetyenziswa.
• Inyathelo lesine (IV) - ukwanda metastases wonke umzimba. "X" yongezwe amalungu ezinobunzima ezalathelwe nkovu.

iindlela Modern unyango

Ngethamsanqa, uphando umhlaza ke limi ngxi. Izazinzulu ehlabathini jikelele edibanisa ubuchule babo ukuze bafumane iindlela ezininzi ezisebenzayo ukulwa data ngamathumba. lymphoma Mediastinal (unyango chaza ngezantsi) - sisifo esibi kakhulu leyo lingakubulala.

Ngoko ke, emva kokuqinisekisa uxilongo kuyo nayiphi na imeko azinakho ukutyeshelwa ngugqirha wakho. Ngoko ke, senza uphononongo iindlela zokulwa lymphoma.

chemotherapy

Indlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziselwa unyango lomhlaza - ichemotherapy. Faka amayeza afana "Vinblastine", "Doxorubicin", "Dacarbazine" kunye nabanye. La amayeza - uhlobo ezinobuhlungu, apho ibulala iiseli zomhlaza. Noko ke, impatho enjalo ezininzi ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ukususela ukutshatyalaliswa Ithumba ayikho ekhaya, kwaye kakhulu, ngoko kukho ingozi ephezulu ukuphazamiseka amalungu esempilweni. Iziphumo nyango ixhomekeke kakhulu amajoni omzimba kunye nokomelela kwalo. Ukuba umzimba lo womelele, ngoko amathuba ekuphulukenwe ukwandisa kakhulu.

Inzuzo ichemotherapy ifuthe zonke izilonda, nkqu abo kokufunyaniswa. Ukuba ithumba mediastinal banesifo kwinyathelo IV, azikho ezinye iindlela zonyango.

CRT

Electron therapy radiation esetyenziswa ukunyanga lymphoma zibe ngomnye bokuqala. Ngoku ke amaninzi zidityaniswa ichemotherapy. Olu hlobo lonyango esimiselweyo lalatha kweqonga izifo focus indawo. Njengomgaqo, nkqu inkqubela ithumba zokukhanya wabelwe ukuba akukho amaxesha ngaphezulu kwe-4 ngeveki, iidosi ngaphantsi kwama-6 wulwe. Inzuzo kule unyango kwii-imitha yelanga ingene ulusu ukuya kubunzulu-20 mm.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezinye iindlela ukuze kuphunyezwe iziphumo ezinjalo akunakwenzeka. Noko ke, CRT kunemiphumela emibi:

• yoma kwesikhumba;
• ilahleko iyonke okanye inxenye ngoboya;
• isikhumba owomileyo;
• ukudumba strong (dermatitis).

time course-Enye zokukhanya ngexesha unyango electro-radiation mayingagqithi 40 wulwe.

therapy eziphilayo

Le ndlela yeyona mnene. Kuba ukuphuhliswa kwamachiza ezithathwe iiseli ezithile nomonde. unyango olunjalo kufuneka kwandiswe ukuze uxhathiso iphezulu eziphilayo ukuze uvule impendulo olukhuselayo. Le ndlela Okwangoku le sisebenzayo ekulweni yamathumba yingozi, ezifana lymphoma. Uvavanyo igazi okanye ultrasound ivumela ukuzimisela echanekileyo lwezinto ezisenza sibe buthathaka umzimba umguli.

Inzuzo ephambili yonyango eziphilayo kukuba yokumisa thumba kwakhiwa imithambo yegazi, ezo mthombo yayo iphambili ngamandla.

bone ngumongo abohlukeneyo

Le ndlela unyango olusebenzayo ngokwaneleyo, kodwa inkqubo uzilungiselela ukuya ekolulekweni elandelayo ekhefu likhulu kakhulu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lomongo wethambo abohlukeneyo akazibandakanyi zonke iikliniki, ngoko le nkqubo ibiza kakhulu. Kwakhona, ngexesha lamalungiselelo lokusetyenziswa chemotherapy esebenzayo ukutshabalalisa zonke iiseli zomhlaza.

unyango ngotyando

Operable lymphoma mediastinal - ntoni na? kwendlela yotyando isetyenziswa kunqabile kakhulu. Asinguye engundoqo kwaye ingasetyenziswa xa zidityaniswe kunye namanye amayeza. Surgery kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kusekwangoko, ekubeni emva kokuba ukusasazeka metastases, le ndlela iba oluf. Njengomgaqo, isetyenziswa xa ufuna ukuthatha iiseli ithumba isifundo sawo (biopsy).

T-cell lymphoma

Zebanga lymphomas T-iseli yahlulwe ephantsi, ephakathi nephezulu.

Izizathu:

• isenzo T-cell leukemia (HTLV-1);
• ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo omzimba;
• ufuzo;
• iiseli yezifo kwinqanaba DNA.

Amanqanaba ekukhuleni T-lymphoma:

• IA - kukho zingenasiphako ezincinane apha esikhumbeni.
• IIB - inani kwimimandla echaphazelekayo baba enkulu, kodwa ngaphandle ukwanda kwiindawo nkovu.
• IIA - bakha ukudumba.
• III - iinkqubo kubonakaliswe ukudumba apha esikhumbeni.
• IV - umhlaza kwanwenwa izibilini.

Uqikelelo lymphoma mediastinal

Yenza isigqibo kule sifo ezifana lymphoma lwe mediastinum (i-ALS unyango kunye basinde), kuba nzima, njengoba ingxenye enkulu kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo:

• omzimba ngabanye;
• ubudala;
• Inqanaba lesi sifo;
• izinga okubi;
• amajoni omzimba.

Ebonakalayo Inyaniso kukuba iifom non-ngxwaba sifo lulama phantse 90% yezigulane, Noko ke, xa lymphoma sele sikwinqanaba IV, ithuba lokwazisa nesifo ibe uxolelo, phantse namnye.