Literacy kwiqela wokulungiselela enkulisa

ukulungiselela abantwana iimfuno zemfundo kwiminyaka yakutshanje baye yomelele kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngoku enkulisa ukuqala ukufunda iilwimi zasemzini, umculo, logic, uqhelane nehlabathi, ukususela kwiminyaka emine. Xa weza kwiklasi yokuqala kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, umntwana sele isixa esikhulu ulwazi. Njani a umthwalo ubuchopho wabantwana abanje, kusekwangoko kakhulu ukuxela. kwizigqibo ezithile kungenziwa kuphela emva kweminyaka engamashumi amabini okanye amathathu, xa program iya kufunda kwizizukulwana ezininzi. Noko ke, uqeqesho lolwazi lokufunda nokubhala kweli qela wokulungiselela ngomnye weyona milenze ibaluleke gqitha ukulungiselela zesikolo, yaye wahlawula oluninzi ingqalelo. Ootitshala bakholelwa ukuba, ukongeza ulwazi, umntwana kufuneka ukubethelela imisebenzi uqeqesho lwezakhono, ngoko kuphela uya kuba nako ukwamkela izinto ezintsha kwaye balisebenzise ngokubonakalayo.

Nokubhala kweli qela wokulungiselela: eyona miba

Amaxesha amaninzi, ootitshala nabazali banikwa umbuzo: "? Ngaba kufuneka bejongene nomntwana oye na ufikelele kwiminyaka yobudala engama-6" Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba phambi kokuqala yoqeqesho lokufunda nokubhala kweli qela wokulungiselela, naziphi na iinzame ukuphuhlisa ukufunda abantwana ngokwemiqathango isenzo efunekayo.
Le mbono ngokwesiseko khulu, ngenxa yokuba lo msebenzi ungundoqo enkulisa kukuba ukulungiselela umntwana esikolweni. Kwaye ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuqala inkqubo yokufunda noba kwiqela omdala, oko kukuthi, kwisiqingatha sesibini epriskuli.

ootitshala eyaziwa njenge Vygotskiy L. S., bakholelwa ukuba inkqubo yemfundo kusafuneka ukuba kabukhali ngokwahlukeneyo kwiminyaka engama-5, kodwa ukususela kwiminyaka emihlanu kufuneka athathe ingqalelo zonke izinto awohluke zophuhliso yokucinga yabantwana sengqondo, nokusebenzisa kwahlulwe ecacileyo yokuqeqesha izigaba. ndlela kuphela kuya kuqinisekisa iziphumo ezingcono.

Uphando olwenziwa ngabasebenzi ngamaziko ophando kwinkalo yemfundo, zibonise ukuba xa ukufunda kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukunika abantwana ulwazi, hayi kwindawo ethile kuphela, kodwa usenokubanika inkqubo lonke magama kunye nolwalamano. Ukuze abantwana pre-school bakwazi ukuqonda kwaye ukufunxa zonke izinto ezintsha, kufuneka usebenzise iindlela ngeendlela zemfundo.

Literacy kwiqela wokulungiselela enkulisa - enye imiyalelo ephambili kwinkqubo yokulungiselela kwiklasi yokuqala. Kuyimfuneko ukuba abantwana babe nakho ukuqonda ixabiso amazwi athethwa eziviwayo kunye nokufunda.

Yimeko neemfanelo lokufunda nokubhala, umntwana somntwana kwaye omdala kukukwazi ukuthelekisa kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo leyinene phonetic. Ukongeza, eyodwa kufuneka baphuhlise izakhono ezithile xa umsebenzi intetho.

Ubukhulu becala, iingcali zononophelo lwempilo yokuthetha bacetyiswa ukuba baqale ukufunda izandi koonobumba nkqu kwiqela abadala. Isibakala sokuba eneminyaka engama-4 ukuya kwezi-5 ebantwaneni wayibona yaqulunqa nangokuvulelekileyo ebizwa ngokuba iilwimi. Ngeli xesha, anciphisa lonke ulwazi olutsha lungelelanisa ne phonetic ngathi imfunxa. Kodwa kamva ngonyaka ngokuthe ngcembe kunciphisa nangokuvulelekileyo. Ngoko kuhle ukuba uqale lokufunda nokubhala kwabantwana abaselula. Isandi Iqela yamalungiselelo kunye unobumba "M", umzekelo, wafundela ukuba kweeseshoni ezimbalwa, kodwa abantwana abaneminyaka emihlanu ubudala bafunde ulwazi nje omnye okanye izifundo ezibini.

Indlela ethandwa kakhulu lokufunda nokubhala

Enye imithombo yokufundisa incwadi Ushinsky K. D. "Native ILizwi", eyapapashwa kwinkulungwane ye-19. Wachaza iindlela ezisisiseko zokufundisa ukufunda nokubhala nabantwana. Ekubeni ukufunda kwabonakala omnye weyona milenze ibaluleke gqitha imfundo, efundisa imibuzo zisoloko afanelekileyo kakhulu.

Le ncwadi kuyacetyiswa kakhulu ukuba ukufunda phambi kokuba uqale izifundo, "Literacy". Iqela wokulungiselela - eli lixesha kakhulu nzima ukulungiselela abantwana kwinkqubo yesikolo, ngoko ke kufuneka ingqalelo kakhulu neengcinga ngamnye neempawu nangokwasengqondweni umntwana ngamnye. Le ubuchule eziveliswe kwiilwimi, ootitshala, ukunceda kulo.

Ushinsky wadala isandi zohlalutyo kunye zokwenziwa indlela yokufundisa ukufunda nokubhala, olusekelwe phezu uphendla-oonobumba abanga njengezinto ngamnye, ngokunjalo njengenxalenye amagama nezivakalisi. Le ndlela ivumela ukuba umntwana wakho ukuba ukufunda iincwadi. Ukongeza, inika ithuba ndimvuse umdla abantwana ekufundeni nasekubhaleni, kwaye nje ukuba i bomatshini ukufunda nokukhumbula iileta. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ushinsky iceba zahlule yonke inkqubo yokufundisa ube zahlulo zithathu:

1. yokufunda Visual.

2. imisebenzi ebhalwayo wokulungiselela.

3. iklasi Sound, ekukhuthazeni ukufunda.

Le ndlela iye bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa ukufaneleka kwayo namhlanje. Oku kusekelwe phezu kwalo, wakha nokubhala. Iqela wokulungiselela, apho inkqubo esisityebi kunene, uqhelene zokufunda kuloo myalelo. La manyathelo kwenza kube lula ukuba ngokulinganayo kwaye kancinane Fundisa umntwana wakho zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko.

Literacy kwiqela ukulungiselela Vasilyeva

Enye indlela esetyenziswa enkulisa, yaphuhliswa kwinkulungwane yama-20. Umbhali balo utitshala kunye nentetho therapist ezaziwayo-kakuhle Vasileva M. A. Yena liqulunqe iinkqubo eziliqela, efuna ukuqwalaselwa. Bona zisekelwe ulandelelwano, nekufuneka ukuba lusekelwe kumsebenzi "Literacy". Iqela wokulungiselela yenzelwe ukuba abantwana pretty big ngubani ukuziqonda izinto ezininzi. Okokuqala, kufuneka bafunde ukuba anikezele isandi ezahlukeneyo, yaye emva koko ukulubona a sihambisana kwisicatshulwa. Loo ndlela has a lot of iimpawu kunye nezibonelelo.

unokuwisa njani le nkqubo Vasilyeva nokubhala kweli qela wokulungiselela? Sound kunye unobumba "M" umzekelo, nazo ziyanikezelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: umkhathaleli wokuqala nje libonisa imifanekiso embodiments ezahlukeneyo (umfanekiso, umzimba, eqaqambileyo bebala). Kamva, xa lo lwazi ukulungiswa, ungasa kwi kwinyathelo elilandelayo. Utitshala wazisa abantwana kunye namazwi apho le ncwadi iqulathe. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ufunde kuphela oonobumba, kodwa ukufunda zokukwazi ukufunda. Oku olu landelelwano ikhethwa kakhulu.

iimpawu zengqondo yokufunda enkulisa

Phambi kokuba uqalise ukuqwalasela oonobumba nezandi abantwana, kufuneka aqonde iimpawu ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo. Zeziphi isiseko ngokwasengqondweni yale nkqubo, njengoko yokufunda ukufunda nokubhala? "Iqela oluMiselweyo - Zhurova L. E., umbhali imisebenzi emininzi kwindawo phantsi ingqalelo, uthi - zizixhobo yeplastiki kakhulu evumela ukufumana ze badlale ezahlukeneyo iingqiqo zokuziphatha." Inkqubo yokufunda ukufunda kuxhomekeke iindlela zokufundisa. Kubalulekile ukuba bancedisa abantwana zamtyabeka ngokufanelekileyo bazibeka kwiziseko okulungiselela esikolweni. Yintoni injongo wokugqibela nasekufundweni izandi nonobumba? Le ukufunda nokuqonda oko kubhaliweyo kule ncwadi. Kucacile. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqonde imixholo ncwadi, kufuneka ufunde ukuba siqonde indlela ngokuchanekileyo. Text - umfanekiso lomzobo intetho yethu, ithotyiweyo aze ke atshintshelwe ngokwezandi. Bafanele ukuqonda umntwana. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntu ziyazala isandi ngamazwi onke, kuquka nabantu basemzini. Kuphela kule meko sinokuthi ukuba impumelelo lokufunda nokubhala. Iqela wokulungiselela, inkqubo yayo ibandakanya iyazazi oonobumba Russian, kufuneka ibe sisiseko lokufunda nokubhala ikamva labantwana.

ukukwazi womntwana ukuba nokuzala izandi

Xa umntwana ezalwa kuphela, yena sele unawo ingqondo angaphakathi. Enye yazo ukukwazi ukuphendula izandi zokusingqongileyo. Asabela ukuva ilizwi notshintsho iintshukumo kunye nokuvuselelwa isingqisho. Sele kwiveki yesithathu okanye eyesine yobomi, lo mntwana akafuni nje modem elikhulu izandi ngqwabalala, kodwa intetho yabantu ngeenxa zonke kuye.

Kucacile ukuba imbono nje phonetic magama hayi iqhosha ekufundeni ngempumelelo ukufunda. ngumntu kube nzima kakhulu, kwaye ukuze uqonde oko, kuyimfuneko ukuba umntwana lifikelele kwinqanaba elithile lokuvuthwa ngokwasengqondweni nangokweemvakalelo.

Abaphengululi bafumanisa ukuba uninzi lwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithandathu ukuya esixhenxe, kodwa ayikwazi cazulula amazwi alo. Ngoko nokubhala kweli qela wokulungiselela kufuneka yakhiwe ngokuhambelana ngqongqo ezi mpawu. Xa kungekho tyala akakwazi ukunika umntwana umsebenzi ngayo ingqondo yakhe nje akakwazi ukumelana ngenxa Ukungakhuli kwabo.

inkqubo ngqo nokubhala

Imiba Programming uthandana eyodwa koonobumba nezandi inxaxheba amaWisile yeziko lemfundo ngalinye. Kungenxa yoko le nto uqeqesho eziguqulweyo ezahlukeneyo zinokwahluka eziphathekayo. Kodwa nangona umahluko yangaphandle, okuthetha inkqubo yemfundo yenye kwinkqubo yemfundo iphela. Oku kuquka izigaba ezithathu, sele zichaziwe apha ngasentla.

Kakade ke, uphononongo ngqo oonobumba utitshala sithabathela ingqalelo izinto ezininzi: isimo sengqondo abantwana lomzuzu ethile, ngangenani lazo, indlela yokuziphatha, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo ukuba unako ukuphucula okanye zimbi imbono.

ixabiso Uhlalutyo Sound ekufundeni ukufunda

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwiitheraphisti ezininzi intetho baye bavakalisa imbono yokuba le ndlela bekuza nolwazi lokufunda nokubhala, sele iphelelwe lixesha. Bathi uhlalutyo isandi ngeli thuba nto kubaluleke kangaka. Oko kukuthi, kuqala kufuneka wena nje ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana baya kukhumbula lumelo olubonakalayo lwe iileta, ngaphandle ukubhala ngokutsha isandi sawo. Kodwa ayikho oluchanekileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ngapha koko, nokuphimisela izandi, umntwana uya kuva yaye bakwazi ngcono ukuqonda intetho yabanye.

Ukucwangcisela nokubhala ngokwamaqela zokuzilungiselela

Ukuba singene iziko uthole phakathi kwemini, uya kucinga ukuba kukho isiphithiphithi. Abantwana badlala ngamaqela amancinane, abanye bade ihleli esitulweni ipeyinti. Kodwa akunjalo. Njengabo yonke enye into eyenzekayo enkulisa, uneyona nkqubo yalo kunye nokubhala. Iqela wokulungiselela, iiseshoni zokwenza ucwangciso apho kuxhomekeke kwisikhokelo engqongqo ye-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo, akukho ngaphandle. Le program yenziwe kunyaka wezifundo, nivumelene kunye amaWisile yaye yavunywa yi-mntu, intloko epriskuli.

Njengoko izishwankathelo ihlanganiswe izifundo

Literacy ayikho ngendlela ejikelezayo. Ngophanya nje lweliso, kubonakala ukuba utitshala udlala nje kunye nabantwana, kodwa ke eneneni ukuba yinxalenye uthando kunye oonobumba. Development of umsebenzi ugqitywa ngutitshala, kwaye kumnceda kule isishwankathelo pre-ezilungiselelwe. Oku kubonisa ixesha uya enikelwe ukufunda, isihloko ekufuneka livezwe, yaye eboniswe ulwandlalo rough.

amava Foreign nokubhala

Nangona iindlela ezintsha eziye zenziwa ziingcali angaphandle, hayi kakhulu lwaqaliswa kwinkqubo Russian yemfundo yamaziko angaphambi kokuya. Ethandwa kakhulu iindlela ezimbini zokufunda, kwanawezayo kuthi, evela kwamanye amazwe - inkqubo Montessori kunye nekhaya.

Eyokuqala ibandakanya indlela ngamnye umntwana ngamnye, kunye nophuhliso creative ezibanzi. Eyesibini ibandakanya isifundo ngoonobumba nezandi asingabo bodwa, yaye ngoko nangoko amagama yonke. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ikhadi okhethekileyo. On ngamnye kubo ilizwi elibhaliweyo. Ikhadi ubonisa umntwana imizuzwana embalwa, waza wavakalisa ukuba liveza.

Indlela Montessori ke kunzima ukuphumeza eziguqulweyo zikamasipala, njengoko inani labafundi akavumeli ingqalelo eyaneleyo ihlawulwe ngamnye kubo ngokwahlukeneyo.

Isixokelelwano se-Home uye wagxeka iingcali zononophelo lwempilo yokuthetha Russian, abathi nakangangokuba unakho ukuba ukufunda ulwimi IsiNgesi, kodwa asihambelani kakuhle Russian.