Lens ubude njengenye mpawu zibalulekileyo fotooptiki

Ubude yinqontsonqa yayo ilens - umgama phakathi kwindawo ngasemva yinqununu lens ingqwalasela emva kwenkqubo optical.

Njengoko sibonile, inkcazelo wezifundo, ukususela kwinqanaba imbono yendoda eqhelekileyo, yayididekile. Ngoko ke, lo umfoti engahlawulwayo ayikho kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba inkcazelo yalo, Kakade ke, iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ezifana lens ubude, kakhulu ukuyicinga into olu phawu linayo. Kwaye ichaphazela indlela / ukususwa sifundo viewfinder / screen / kulo mfanekiso, kwakunye kwixesha elizayo.

Kukho lens ngobude bume ebalulekile ( "Zuma") kunye lens kunye fixed ubude ( "fixes"). Kulo mzekelo, "Zuma" share on lens wokwandisa kunye lenses varifocal. lens Zoom zidla kusetyenziswa lekhamera kunye lens interchangeable, kwakunye "psevdozerkalkah" (iikhamera, egxininisa mgaqo liyafana bar eqhelekileyo isepha, kodwa urhulumente, yaye ngenene ukubonakala utshatise SLR). Iskim kokugcina lens ezinjalo kukuba yenza kube lula ukunikela ingqalelo lonke uluhlu yokusondeza, wathi ngumvelisi idivayisi. Sondeza lens ngendlela umsebenzi omhle abanjalo ilifa ze uvumele uyinxibileyo ukuba zifake iseti ethile kuphela ubude focal. Noko ke, bona indawo ngakumbi, lula yaye kungabinandleko ngaphezu lenses zoom. Kodwa ke uninzi abasebenzisi ezinjalo "iifestile" abakho wazi zizithintelo ezilolo hlobo. Phantse zonke "esityeni isepha" ye asezantsi nalawo aphakathi uluhlu lwamaxabiso kufakwa lenses zoom.

Lens ubude, njengokuba umthetho, nokuba ngoku egameni layo (ukuba se interchangeable) okanye bukovkami tsiferkami ezincinane nje isicelo kuyo (okufana "isepha"). Kwimeko yokugqibela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abanjwe, ngokuba abanye abenzi kubonisa kuphela ubude olusebenzayo zizityalelo ilens, amanye - kuphela yokwenene, yaye ezinye - uze emva koko, yaye ngaphezulu. Emva yimbonakalo khamera kwi abafoti kubomi bemihla ngemihla wangena into enjalo njenge "factor yezityalo". Olu lulwahlulo ngobukhulu linear bekhamera matrix ngokwamacala linear ngowomgangatho uzkoplenochnogo izakhelo (36 mm x 24 mm). Zonke matrices ke Consumer Digicam "kropnutyh", ie ubukhulu zabo zincinane kakhulu parameters ngentla umboniso yomgama. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukujonga ebizwa ngokuba yi-ubude olusebenzayo ebalulekile (hlobo ukuba uthatha eqhelekileyo uzkoplenochnoy 'ibhokisi isepha ") kufuneka ibe nelona lens ubude liphindaphindwe matrix izityalo factor. Ngamanye amaxesha, olu khetho ukwabizwa ngokuba ubude zizityalelo elilingana-nawethu 35. ubukhulu tsifromylnitsy of isizalo inokufumaneka amaxwebhu oza ngekhamera okanye kwi website lomenzi. Kunoko, ubukhulu uya kukhangela engaqhelekanga njenge ngoko - 1 / 2.5 "Ngaphezu koko, le web inokufumaneka factor itafile nokuzimisela izityalo kuba iifomati matrix ixhaphakileyo ..

Ubukhulu ubude ebalulekile (ngokuqhelekileyo yokwenene, hayi olusebenzayo) lens bohlulwa babe kwezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• fisheye (ngaphantsi kwe-20 mm). Njengomgaqo, bakhonza ukuba ukufaka obanzi izimvo, izakhiwo;
• ebanzi-angle (24-35 mm). nakwizibetho zabo - ngokudubula endlwini, ingakumbi encinane, ubume, portraits iqela;
• yesiqhelo (35-70 mm). I-engile yokucingela umntu elilingana ubude ebalulekile ezimalunga nama-50 mm. Ngoko ke, lo didi lens amaninzi kusetyenziswa ukutola zemihla ngemihla. Amafoto ezithathwe kula ubude focal, look yemvelo;
• ixesha elide-focus (70-135 mm). Ngaloo ndlela linobude zizityalelo lens kakhulu macro, kwaye kananjalo ebizwa ngokuba "portretnik" (lens ezilungiselelwe ukudubula elichaza) ;
• iTelephoto (ngaphezu 135 mm). Apha yonke into icacile - Lo mbandela ikude lee photographer. Le lens iza kuba buyafuneka xa ngokudubula iziganeko zemidlalo kunye Ikonsathi. Okanye, bathi, photo ukuzingela izilwanyana zasendle.

Kakade ke, eli candelo lenses inkulu ubude lunemiqathango kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, xa kukhethwa ngokukhanya ngenxa camera, nokuba kukho umfoti engahlawulwayo kufuneka akhumbule ukuba uceba ukwenza le "iglasi".