Intlawulo yentlalo kwiingcali ezincinci: inkqubo yokufumana

Iziphathamandla zaseburhulumenteni nakwimimandla zikhetha iintetho kunye neentlawulo zentlalo kubaqeqeshi abatsha. Bakhonza njengomlinganiselo wokuvuselela amandla okusebenza kwabafundi abaqeqeshwe kwiziko loqeqesho. Makhe sicinge ngokuqhubekayo nenkqubo yeentlawulo kwiingcali ezincinci zamanani ezincedo zoncedo kwezinye iindawo.

Izifundo zomthetho

Okwangoku, akukho mgaqo ocacileyo wezinga lomlingane osemncinane kwinqanaba lezemfundo. Akukho ncamango ingcamango jikelele. Okwangoku, ulwazi oluthile lubhalwe kwinqaku le-70 ye-TC. Ngokuhambelana nesiqhelo, umqeshi akakwazi ukuseka ixesha lokuhlola abantu abaphumelele kwiiyunivesithi nakumaziko aphakamileyo emfundo engqesho ngaphantsi konyaka odlulileyo. Ngokutsho kwe-TC, iingcali ezincinci azikho namalungelo. Inkcazo ecacileyo yezinto ezinokuthembela kwiintlawulo kunye nolunye uncedo oluphathekayo alukho mthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lwezenzo eziqhelekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuchonga inani leempawu ukuba ummi awele phantsi. Ingakumbi, iintlawulo zeengcali ezincinci zingenziwa kubemi:

1. Ubudala obungengaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35. Kweminye imimandla, umda uneminyaka engama-30.
2. Ngubani ophumelele kwiLyceum okanye kwisikolo sokufundela okanye enemfundo ephakamileyo (uyifumene kwiyunivesithi enegunya lokubhengezwa kwelizwe, kwifom yexesha elipheleleyo). Kweminye imimandla imimiselo enyanzelekileyo kwibhajethi isungulwa njengemfuneko eyongezelelweyo.
3. Ukwenza imisebenzi kwi-ishishini elisekhokheni likarhulumente, ukhuseleko lomasipala okanye lwengingqi.

Uncedo lwezeMali: uLwazi jikelele

Ukunikezelwa kwamanyathelo enkxaso kuxhomekeke kwizivumelwano zesebe. Ukuba sithetha ngamashishini angewona amashishini karhulumente, ukuhlawulwa kweengcali ezincinci zenziwa ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yolawulo lwendawo. Ukufumana ulwazi olunzulu malunga neenzuzo ezibonelelwe xa ufaka isicelo somsebenzi, kufuneka uziqonde ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano esihlangeneyo. Amanye amashishini anemigangatho elawula imeko yeengcali ezincinci. Amaxwebhu anjalo achaza imimiselo yokwenza imisebenzi kwintlangano, kusekwe uluhlu lwamanyathelo enkxaso, iimali apho umqeshwa angabala khona. Amalungiselelo ngokwawo alawula ngokuthe ngqo indlela yokubonelela ngoncedo.

Umda we minyaka

Ukuhlawulwa kweengcali ezincinci, njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, kubangelwa ngabemi abangenakufikelela kwi-30-35. Ubuninzi bomda bubekwe kummandla ngamnye kwi-magunya egunyaziwe. Ukususela ngomhla wokuqeshwa (ukugqitywa kwesivumelwano kunye nomqeshi), isimo somfundi wezolo siza kusebenza iminyaka emithathu. Yifumane okwesibini awukwazi. Kwezinye iimeko, nangona kunjalo, ukongezwa kobudanga bexesha kwiminyaka engama-6 kuvunyelwe. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba ingcali yincwadana:

1. Uqeqeshwa kwisikolo esiphambili okanye esikolweni esiphelweni.
2. Ufumana enye enye inkonzo okanye ephuthumayo.
3. Ngaba iholide, inxulumene nokukhulelwa nokubeletha, ukunakekela umntwana omncinci.

Amanyathelo enkxaso

Ngo-2012, umyalelo ka rhu lumente ukhuthaze ukuthotyelwa komthetho, ngokokuthi ngenyanga yokuqala ukususela kwithuba lomsebenzi, ishishini linikwe inkokhelo yokukhuthaza inzululwazi eziselula. Isenzo esivumelanayo esifanelekileyo sivunyiwe ngenyanga emva koko. Injongo ephambili yomthetho kukuthabatha abemi abaye bafumana i-specialty specialty, ukusebenza ngoqeqesho. Okwangoku, akukho namanyathelo amanyathelo okuxhasa abaphumelele izolo. Ummandla ngamnye ulawula ngokuzimeleyo lo mkhakha, ulandela izenzo eziqhelekileyo. Amanyathelo enkxaso namhlanje:

1. Ukubonelela ngemali-mboleko engenamdla kwilungiselelo lezindlu.
2. Ukuhlawulwa kwe-sum-sum ukuya kwiingcali ezincinci.
3. Imali-mboleko ekhethekileyo okanye inkxaso-mali yokufumana / ukwakhiwa kwezindlu. Kweminye imimandla, ilungiselelo lwenziwa kwindawo yenkampani.
4. Ukuhlawulelwa kweendleko zokuthutha.
5. Ukubuyiselwa kweendleko zokugcinwa kwabantwana kwisikolo sokuqala. Le ntlawulo kwiingcali ezincinci zinokuhlawulwa ngokukhawuleza okanye zihlawule ngokupheleleyo iindleko.

Iindawo eziphambili zomsebenzi

Ezi ziquka imfundo kunye nempilo. Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, ummandla ngamnye unika imiqathango kunye nemithetho yokubonelela ngoncedo lwabafundi abaye baphumelela. Ngokomzekelo, kwiSigqibo sikaRhulumente weSixeko soMatshi ka-Matshi 23, 2004, kukho iimfuno, phantsi kwazo iintlawulo ezinikezelwa kwizakhono ezincinane kwimfundo:

1. Ubudala ukuya kwiminyaka engama-35.
2. I-Diploma ibungqina ngokugqitywa kweziko lesibini okanye lemfundo ephakamileyo.
3. Ummi kufuneka aqale ukusebenza ngorhwebo kungekhona emva kweentsuku eziyi-90 emva kokupheliswa koqeqesho (ukufumana idiploma).

KwiSt. Petersburg, kwingingqi yaseSaratov, ezinye iindidi zezifundo, umyinge weminyaka uneminyaka engama-30. Lo mda uqiniswe ngokusemthethweni kwizenzo eziqhelekileyo zesithili. Ukucacisa ulwazi malunga nenqanaba lezakhono zincinci, kunye neenzuzo ezichazwe, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nomnyango wendawo yesebe lemfundo kwidilesi yomsebenzi okanye yokuhlala.

Umzuzu obalulekileyo

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ingqalelo ukuba ukuba ummi usebenza njengomfundisi ngaphandle kwemfundo ekhethekileyo, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo uneminyaka engaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala, ngoko ke uthathwa njengengcali entsha. Ngoko ke, umntu unelungelo lokulindela ukufumana iinzuzo ezichazwe. Ngokomzekelo, umxholo usebenza njengomfundisi kwaye une-diploma yomnye umsebenzi, engahambelani nokufundisa. Oku akusiyo indawo yokunciphisa ummi wegosa lenkwenkwezi.

Iintlawulo zengcali ezincinci (ootitshala) ngo-2016 eSt. Petersburg

Uncedo oluthile lwezinto eziphathekayo lunikwa kumthetho wendawo. Ngokuhambelana nalo, ukuhlawula imali elandelayo kwi-ingcali echazwayo:

1. 6 iisunithi ezisisiseko. Abaqeshwa abane-diploma yesifundo semfundo yesibini / ephakamileyo yemfundo banelungelo lokufumana uncedo olunjalo.
2. 8 iiyunithi ezisisiseko. Le ntlawulo kwiingcali ezincinci zinikezelwa ukuba idiploma eneentlonelo.

Ixabiso leyunithi elisisiseko lusekwe kuMthetho weBhajethi. Isenzo esiqhelekileyo sinika ukongezwa okucwangcisiweyo ngobukhulu bayo. Ngako-ke, intlawulo yeengcali ezincinci iyakwandisa (ngo-2016, iyunithi yesiseko i-ruble 9174, i-2017 iyama-ruble 9880, kunye no-2018-10572 ruble). Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuhlawula i-1/2 yeendleko zokuthutha. Inkokhelo yenyanga yonyango onguchwepheshe isetyenziswe kwisicelo sayo. Kufanelekile ukuthetha ukuba inkokhelo ibangelwa kubemi abangazange bafikelele kwiminyaka engama-30, kwaye ayisebenzi kwieteksi. Isicelo kufuneka sithunyelwe kumzimba wokhuseleko loluntu okanye kwicandelo lommandla wezemfundo.

EMoscow

Kwimimandla yesithili semimandla, iintlawulo zinikwa kwakhona ootitshala (abatsha abaneengcali) xa beqeshwe. Ngokungafani noSt. Petersburg, eMoscow, umqeshwa unokufumana i-premium ye-40 yeepesim kwizinga leminyaka yokuqala yokusebenza. Ukuba ngaba umfundi ufumana idiploma ngokuhlukana, unelungelo lokufumana i-50% ukusuka phezulu. Inqaku elibalulekileyo kufuneka liqwalaselwe apha. Oku kungaphezulu kokusebenza komthwalo. Ngokomzekelo, umxholo usebenza kumaxabiso ama-1.5. Umrhumo oza kuhlawulwa omnye kuphela. Ukongezelela, isazi esincinci singabalwa kwintlawulo eyongezelelweyo ye-15% yezinga elihlawula iindleko zokuthutha.

Inkqubo yeMpilo

Kulo mmandla, ukuphakamisa iintlawulo kubafundi abancinci kunye nezinye izibonelelo zinikezelwa kuphela xa ummi ezithunyelwa ukusebenza kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Ukongeza, uMthetho we-Federal No. 326 ubeka ezi mfuneko zilandelayo:

1. Ubudala ukuya kwiminyaka engama-35.
2. Ixesha lesivumelwano kunye nomqeshi alikho ngaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5.

Uncedo lwezezimali kubagqirha

Imigaqo yokubonelela kwayo inikezelwe kwi-Federal Law No. 326. Intlawulo yesikhathi esisodwa kubaqeqeshi abancinci ababandakanya ukunakekelwa kwempilo ngu-1 million ruble. Le mali inikwe bonke abasebenzi abafika kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Ukuhlawula iintlawulo kwiingcali ezincinci zenziwa kwinqanaba leprogram eyamkelwe kwi-federal level. Kubizwa ngokuba yi "Zemsky Doctor." Ukufumana le mali, kuyimfuneko ukugqiba isivumelwano kunye nabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni apho kuza kwenziwa imisebenzi yobugcisa. Ukuhlawula isibonelelo kwiingcali ezincinci ezithatha unyango lwempilo zenziwa ngediploma yemfundo ephakamileyo. Ngelo xesha, ummi kufuneka asebenze ngokwepropati yakhe. Umthetho usungula enye imeko, phantsi kwayo inkokhelo ehlawulwa kwiingcali ezincinane. Umyalelo wokubonelela ngoncedo lwezinto eziphathekayo umiselwe kuphela xa umntu owayesifumene naye ephumelela kwisivumelwano iminyaka engama-5. Ukuba, ngesizathu esithile, ummi unquma ukuyeka, uya kufuneka abuyisele enye yemali ayifumene nayo.

Umbandela wezindlu

Ukongeza kwiintlawulo zemali, urhulumente unika ukubonelelwa koogqirha abancinci abaneendawo zokuhlala. Oku kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Apartments.
2. Ukuxhaswa kwempahla yokufumana indlu okanye ukuhlawulelwa ngenxalenye yemali mboleko (mboleko).
3. Umhlaba wokwakha.

Kufuneka ukwazi nokuba isixa semali esi-1 sinenjongo ekhethiweyo. Ngokomthetho, akuhlawulwanga. Ngokwemiqathango emiselweyo, kufuneka ijoliswe ekuphuculeni iimeko zezindlu. Ngokomzekelo, angasetyenziselwa ukuhlawula inxalenye yemboleko esetyenziswe ebhankini.

Iziqinisekiso ezongezelelweyo

Kweminye imimandla, igunya libonelela ngeentlawulo zokuphakamisa abaqeqeshi abancinci, ngaphezu kwezo zenziwe ngumgaqo-nkqubo. Ngokomzekelo, kwingingqi ye-Pskov, uludwe lwezifundo ezifanelekileyo ukufumana uncedo lwezezimali lubandakanya abameli boongcali. Bona, ngaphandle kokuphakanyiswa ngasentla kunye neminye imivuzo, bangafumana:

1. Ezingamawaka ezingama-30. I-feldshery kunye nabahlengikazi, kunye nokusebenza kumaziko angama-obstetric - amawaka ama-50.
2. Iwaka ruble. - Oogqirha.

Esifundeni saseRostov, abafundi banokulindela uncedo lwezinto eziphathekayo ngaphambi kokuba banikwe iiploma. Ngokomzekelo, abafundi abaya kwiikholeji ezine-6-6 zeyunivesithi yezobugcisa banamanani angaphezulu kwiimfuno zabo. Abagqirha-abaqeqeshi, nabo banelungelo lokulindela iintlawulo ze-$ 5,000 ngenyanga. Le mali ibanjiswa ukwanda kwimivuzo. Intlawulo yale mali yenziwa ngaphandle kweyiphi inkqubo umfundi efundayo.

Abasebenzi bezinye iindawo

Kwiimimandla, inkxaso ayinikezelwa kuphela kubafundisi abatsha kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo. ENovosibirsk, i-Nizhny Novgorod, i-Ufa, iiprogram zamukelwa, ngokumalunga naluphi uncedo oluthile olunikezelwa kubasebenzi bezinye iinkalo kanye ngonyaka ngeminyaka emithathu. Ezi mali zilandelayo zibekwe kule mimandla. Ngonyaka wokuqala-40,000, okwesibini-35, kwi-third-30,000 r. Kwizixeko ezinkulu (iSt. Petersburg, eMoscow), isixa soxanduva lwezinto eziphathekayo, ngokuqinisekileyo, siphezulu, kuba ukubalwa kwenziwa ngokuqwalasela izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, izinga lobomi kwidolophana, ingeniso emyingene kummandla apho kuqeshwe khona umqeshwa, ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, utitshala osemncane eSt. Petersburg unokufumana ngexesha elingaphezu kwama-ruble amawaka ayi-50.

Imithetho yoyilo

Iintlawulo kwiingcali ezihlangabezana nezi mfuno zingentla ziqhutywa ngokuhambelana nenkqubo eyenziwe ngumthetho. Uncedo olukhawulezileyo lwezinto eziphathekayo lunikezelwa kumqeshi onika indawo yokusebenzela kwisikolo. Incwadana ejolise ekukhuthazeni ukukhangwa kwabasebenzi ayihlawulwanga. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo ejoliswe kuyo, kuyimfuneko ukugqiba isivumelwano kunye nombutho iminyaka emi-5. Inqanaba lomsebenzi wommi kufuneka lihambelane neyodwa ekhethekileyo.

Amaphepha afunekayo

Ukufumana ilungelo lokufumana iintlawulo zokukhuthaza kunye nezinye izibonelelo, ochwepheshe abancinci ubhala isicelo ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokuqeshwa. Emva koko, imigaqo esemgangathweni yobhaliso yenziwa. Umqeshi uyayivuma umyalelo wokuqesha kunye nokunikezela ngeentlawulo ezifanelekileyo zentsha. Njengomgaqo oqhelekileyo, ilungu lomsebenzi kufuneka liqhelane nezenzo zengingqi ngokubhekisele kwisayinitsha. Kweso sicelo, inzululwazi oselula isebenza ikopi ye-diploma kunye nesatifikethi somsebenzi. Ngomhla wokugqibela, umhla onokuqeshiswa ngokusemthethweni kommi kwishishini. Ngokusekelwe kula maxwebhu, iintlawulo zenziwa oogqirha abatsha, ootitshala kunye nezinye iingcali.

Isiphelo

Njengoko kukhankanywe ngasentla, kwinqanaba lesigqeba kuphela umgaqo-sikhokelo owamkelweyo unika ithuba lokufumana uncedo oluphathekayo kwiingcali ezigqitywe kwiziko lemfundo ngaphantsi konyaka odlulileyo. Imisebenzi ephambili ekuphuhlisweni kweenkqubo ezithile ezijoliswe kuzo zenziwa kwimimandla noomasipala. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba uncedo lwezezimali lunokunikezelwa kwiingcali ezincinci nje kwimibutho yebhajethi.

Nayiphi na umqeshi, kubandakanywa nentloko yoshishini loshishino, unelungelo, ngokwengqiqo yakhe, ukumisela amanyathelo okuxhasa abasebenzi. Kule meko, umviwa wesitulo kufuneka ahambisane neemfuno ezinikezelwe kumthetho. Ngokukodwa, sithetha ngobudala, ukufumaneka kwediploma kunye nobude besivumelwano.

Inkxaso yenkxaso yeengcali ezincinci yenye yeendlela ezichazwe kumgaqo-nkqubo wezentlalo karhulumente. Ngelo xesha, kwagqitywa kwinqanaba lesigqeba ukunika igunya igunya lokuphunyezwa ngokuthe ngqo kweprogram kummandla wengingqi kunye nabasemakhaya. Oku kubangelwa kukuba kwizifundo kunye noomasipala, iziphathamandla ezichaphazelekayo, xa zivuma imimiselo, ziqwalasele iimpawu ezizodwa zemimandla, izimo zokusebenza kunye nezinye izinto. Oku, kusenza ukuba sikwazi ukusebenzela amanyathelo okwenene kwintsimi ethile, ukuqinisekisa ukunyuka kwabasebenzi abafunekayo. Emva koko, iintlawulo zokukhuthaza ziyakwamkelwa ngabaqeqeshi abancinci banoma yimuphi umsebenzi.