Kale: inkcazelo, iimpawu elinywayo, ezahlukeneyo, iifoto

Xa kokwindla, xa amasimi belambatha, ingca yamadlelo ephawulekayo kwaphela, ungabona elutyalweni izityalo amanzi namnandi. Le kale, nto leyo akoyiki yiqabaka. Xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba kwizidlo ubusika zesityalo ivumela ukuba imfuyo elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba anikwe umxhesho eluhlaza iintlawulo zabo. Kale babekuthanda kakhulu iinkomo, iibhokhwe, imivundla kunye nezinye izilwanyana barnyard.

A incinane

EYurophu yabhekisela isityalo enkulu kamnandi ixesha elide. Sisihlandlo sokuqala yona yeyela iincwadi zamandulo zamaGrike nezamaRoma. Usiko ngokuthe saa evela kumazwe aseYurophu unxweme ehlabathini. Le nguqulelo kweziganeko isekelwe kwinto yokuba iintlobo ezininzi zekhaphetshu zasendle ifumaneka kuphela kunxweme eYurophu, e-Asia bengasekho.

Le kale Russian Kwathi ngenkulungwane ye-18. Nangona kunjalo, iye ibisencinane lukhulu. Le inkcubeko ixesha elide musa bendelisele iingcambu kwilizwe lethu, ngokuba abantu nje abaqapheli ukuba utyalo-mali omncinci kuzihlawula ngayo amaxesha amaninzi, yaye nomgangatho yabasebenzi kwezilwanyana. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-culture ikhule kuphela eRashiya kodwa eselizweni Ukraine, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Estonia, njalo-njalo. Ngaphezu koko, iintlobo ezininzi baye bafudukela phesheya kwaye zikhule kakuhle e Melika, eAfrika, New Zealand kunye Australia, bebeziqhelanisa iimeko zemozulu zendawo.

Inkcazelo ngokubanzi inkcubeko

Kale, ogama lakhe uthetha ukuba ngokwayo, alisetyenziswa salads. Amagqabi ayo enzima kakhulu leyo. Oku imifuno cruciferous yentsapho ikhaphetshu, leyo osemqoka ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo zentloko. Xa abafundile, iintlobo yaziwa phantsi subspontanea igama Brassica Lizg.

Ngokuba isiko ebakho iLayibhrari yaMaxwebhu luphawulwa engqindilili ngentonga branched iingcambu ukuqina kwi inxalenye ephezulu. Lo mzi-mveliso nkqo zamafu Stumpy (stebleplod), ubukhulu bayo inokuba ukuya ku-5 cm. Isiqu unokuba zezindlu okanye edibanise ezimile. ukuphakama kwakhe - 35 ukuya 200 cm Ikhaphetshu kushiya ngelamadoda ezimilise okanye ovate-lume .. Imikhulu yaye ngokubanzi. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zendalo, ezahluke iqondo kweziphothe umbala amagqabi:

1. Scotland - Amagqabi olugobileyo iye crimped ngokwebala zizimvi oluhlaza.
2. ESiberia - ngaphantsi olugobileyo lokuvala, namahlamvu na umbala oluhlaza-oluhlaza.

Zombini ezi ntlobo ze petioles leaf stebleplod elide ezantsi kunye top - thumbanails.

Eneentyatyambo, kale iziqhamo

Kale iintyatyambo ngomnyaka wesibini ebomini. Nezintso, ukusuka apho kuya amahlumelo kweentyatyambo, akhiwe axils of stebleplod. Kweentyatyambo Kuphendula eliphezulu (160 cm), branched, kunye amagqabi ezimbalwa. Yokudubula kale yi loose ibrashi buthathaka. Ubude bayo 80 cm.

Emva kweentyatyambo, pod kubonakala imilo zezindlu egudileyo. Yeyona isiqhamo kale. Ngaphakathi ke imbewu agudileyo ajikelezayo, leyo ziyahluka umbala ukusuka oluhlaza-amdaka abamnyama.

Kutheni ukukhula kale?

Nikelani ingqalelo kale ime kuba ivumela ukusetyenziswa feed eliluhlaza izilwanyana emva kuneqabaka ekwindla xa kuphela. Kodwa loo nto zonke iimpawu luncedo inkcubeko. Kale bondle unique. Iqulethe inani elikhulu neetyuwa izimbiwa kunye neevithamini. Ukuba ukusetyenziswa njengendlela zefula, ifidi phantse-18% iiprotini, ngaphezulu kwama-15% protein, 3.4% ezityebileyo kwaye ngaphezu kwama-46% extractives initrogen-free.

1 kg ubunzima kwegqabi apho 100 mg ivithamin C kunye mg ngaphezulu kwama-42 ivithamin A. Kwakhona iqulethe phosphorus, calcium nesalfure leyo eyenza kale imveliso yokutya yemfuyo. Izilwanyana kunye neenkukhu ziindiza ukutya lexinene eka inkcubeko. Yena inuka kamnandi, kulula ukuba kwetyiswe, kwaye sibulela kwinqanaba eliphezulu protein carotene, ngokukhawuleza enyakamisa.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kale angalahlekelwa iimpawu zayo emva amazinyo. namahlamvu zinyibilikisiwe kuhlala elastic angalahlekelwa umbala kunye incasa. Izilwanyana musa emthwalweni umxhesho zinyibilikisiwe eluhlaza, leyo kunciphisa ixesha lokondla ebusika. Kwamanye amazwe kwamahlamvu aseYurophu kale ezomileyo ngezandla egcinwe ngohlobo leeprothini zizityebi umxhesho owomileyo.

Ummandla lwesityalo sefula

Abalimi abaninzi uyazibuza ukuba baziphathe ngalo kwimimandla ezahlukeneyo zemozulu ka kale? Amafoto belima amasimi ezifumaneka kwimimandla ebandayo (Murmansk, naseNovosibirsk), kwaye ukusukela kwimimandla esemazantsi lizwe lethu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu kunye nemimandla ukunkcenkceshela isivuno izityalo zingaqala kwiitoni ezingama-300 ukuya-950 biomass of ngehektare 1 nganye. Le yimpumelelo sites sesivuno ifikelela 1500 quintals of mass eluhlaza ngehektare 1 nganye.

Imithetho technology yezolimo

Russian Register State (2006) iquka iintlobo Imbalasane kunye ngxilimbela Dutch eziliqela (Redbor kunye reflex). Ukubeka inkcubeko owaziswa ifidi okanye yemifuno nokujikeleziswa kwezityalo. Kale utyale emva imidumba kunye nokutya okuziinkozo. Njengelinge lokugqibela, emva ingca. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho uhlobo yokuqala imifuno, logama nje izityalo zabo shot ungadlulanga owe-Juni. Kulo mzekelo, kwisiqingatha sesibini inkcubeko hlotyeni ixesha ukwenza isivuno esihle. Kwenye indawo kale izityalo rhoqo kwiminyaka 3-4.

Growing kale

Ziindawo zokutyala zokulinywa yabakholwayo inkcubeko ngeendlela ezintathu:

1. Bezrassadnoj indlela apho kale (iimbewu) ityalwa ngqo emhlabeni.
2. Isithombo kulinywe xa umhlaba ophezulu ukusuka zokukhulisa izityalo mini-30-40 ubudala. Izithole e emhlabeni kuye kwasekwa amagqabi 4-5.
3. indlela Private, nolwathi lwaphuhliswa kummandla Leningrad. Kulo mzekelo, sebenzisa umhlaba ecocekileyo okanye umchiza ngempumelelo kakhulu. Elinywayo lwenziwa indlela eqhelekileyo, ukuxozwa ayikho eyenziwa. izityalo anquma kuchaphazela stebleplod ukwakhiwa. Kule phytomass ezisentlabathini kwandisa ipesenti yamagqabi.

indlela Nonseedlings: iimpawu

Bezrassadnoj uqale ukukhula entlakohlaza ekuqaleni. Umhlaba phantsi imbewu ilungisiwe, bayilungisa wasusa phantsi. Ngokuba ukutyala lomhlaba izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo sokutyala yemifuno. Faka shirokorjadnyj uqhekeko. Sikhewu -. 70 cm-1 m yodaka ukusuka kg 1.5 ukuya 4 iimbewu. kubunzulu imbewu - 3 cm.

Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva ayihlwayelayo umntu, awatyhubela kuyo, okanye kufuna ukutshatyalaliswa amagaba uqweqwe lomhlaba. Xa izithole yabanjwa kuhlakula imikrozo. Le yokugqibela ukwenzela sexesha lokukhula wonke ukuya ku- 4. Kunye nale kwezichumiso initrojeni ikhutshwa phandle. Ingasetyenziswa ukuba abavuni ukuvuna ezidla ngaphandle ukugaya izixhobo. Kususwe isivuno Agasti ukuya kutsho ngoDisemba (kuxhomekeke ekuhlwayeleni).

indlela isithombo: iimpawu

Isithombo indlela kale ezikhulayo kungandisa isivuno mass eluhlaza. Kuhlwayelwe emhlabeni lwenziwa ngexesha elifanayo ekuhlwayeleni lembewu. Lendlela usinika ithuba lokukhula kwezityalo, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba ukudla ekwandeni isivuno.

Izithole ikhule indlela ebandayo (in zokukhulisa okulala). Faka tape kunye nendlela eqhelekileyo kokutyala. Xa kwakhiwa amagqabi 1-2, izityalo mfazana thinned. Xa nqanaba 2-3 amagqabi enze ukutya. Endle, izithole ewela amagqabi 4-5 landiswa.

izithole Ukutyala bekwi emva entwasahlobo ekuhlwayeleni okuziinkozo. Shirokorjadnyj wasebenzisa indlela kunye evenkileni 70 Umgama cm phakathi izityalo kumqolo - .. Ukuya kuma-40 cm Ukuba umhlaba kakhulu, ngoko izithole ityalwa kwi emikhulu.

Kwiveki emva kokuba indawo lokuhlala izaliswe zokuhlasela le nkonzo. Ngexesha lokulima inkcubeko ifuna 3-4 processing interrow. Okokuqala - ziba ngu-8 cm ezinzulu, elilandelayo - 12-15 cm.

Ukuvuna iqala emva Ekuphelisweni nokukhula kwesityalo. Yabanjwa njengoko kuyimfuneko, kwezinye iindawo kuyo usasolulile de ngoDisemba.

Iintlobo ezininzi uthandwayo kale

Xa isikali industrial iintlobo zilandelayo Kale bukhulileyo eRashiya, Vologda Brain eluhlaza, cinga eluhlaza Siverskaya, Eliwaka, kufuphi Moscow, ekwincamzwe, Imbalasane.

Kwiindawo zokuhlala ezisezidolophini kale lwahluma kuphela ukutya, kodwa ngeenjongo zokuhombisa. Dachniki sheet rhoqo ezikhethiweyo zijonge Redbor F1 gqith. Eso sityalo imilo palmovidnuyu kunye eBurgundy ngombala omhle amagqabi.

Njengoko kakuhle kwiindawo iyasinda reflex gqith F1. Ingasetyenziswa kuphela ukuba bahombise ezi ndawo, kodwa salads. Eso sityalo amagqabi ezintle olugobileyo na isixa.

Kumafama amancinci njongo ephambili ihlala ikhaphetshu Imbalasane aft. It ikuvumela ukuba ufumane isivuno ubuninzi mass eluhlaza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izenzo zolimo zexabiso. Ukuba isiko ukunika ukhathalelo eziqhelekileyo, isivuno liphezulu liqinisekisiwe.