Ivili umbala Newton. Umbutho imibala.

Umbala yevili Newton ngumbutho nje ibonisa mibala umbala ejikeleza isangqa, nto leyo ibonisa ukuzalana phakathi imibala ezisisiseko, kwakunye lesibini, ephakamileyo njalo njalo.

Umbala wheel

Eminye imithombo kusetyenziswe igama elithi "ivili umbala" yaye "ivili umbala" efanayo. Omabini la magama ukuze kuxhaphaka kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile, umzekelo, igama "ivili umbala" usetyenziswa izixhobo mechanical olujikelezayo. Kukho nezinye izakhono ezinxulumene: elinombala disc, iitshati umbala kunye nemibala. Indawo ekhethiweyo ngokungqinelana ne ngobude amaza okukhanya.

Ivili Umbala yokuqala ukuvela phantse ngaxeshanye ngethiyori umbala eyimfihlakalo yokuqala. Oku kubonakala kwimibhalo edume eyimfihlakalo kunye zesayensi abaphandi kwinkulungwane XVII-XX. Ekunye Newton waba Goethe, Itten, Mansell, kwamabala kunye nabanye. izangqa ezinemibala emimoya wafumana isicelo layo kwindawo yokuqala ukupeyinta. Umbala yevili Newton (isithombe ibekwe kweli nqaku) ngoku - an olusisiseko kaloristiki ebalulekileyo isixhobo.

Isaak Nyuton: i systematization lwevili umbala

Amalungiselelo imibala ecacicleyo kwi diski ozibandakanye Sir Isaak Nyuton, kuqikelelwa ukuba umbala ngenxa ixhomekeke ubunzulu ethile kunye barycenter lokufumana utoliko umgama iphiramidi (ezisuka embindini wesangqa eya ziko womxhuzulane). Ngenxa yoko, ivili umbala ukuba siphu- Newton umzobo mihla.

Imbali Umbala

theory umbala ivili Psychophysical lisukela emva umbala unxantathu ekuqaleni Thomas Young, umsebenzi wakhe kamva landiswa uYakobi Maxwell kunye kaHermann von Helmholtz. Lwakutshanje hypothesized ukuba iliso iqulethe ezenza ukuba iminqweno ezithathu zaseprayimari ezahlukeneyo, wabiza spectrum ukukhanya. Maxwell wambonisa zonke bokuqonda, kodwa hayi zonke imibala anokwenziwa ukususela ezintathu eziphambili - ebomvu, eluhlaza nemsi, ukuba zixubene kwi olinganise ekunene.

lweschemes umbala

Indibaniselwano ubhalo lwe imibala asetyenziselwa ezahlukeneyo zosasazo. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwisiqalo emhlophe umbhalo omnyama ngumzekelo Umbala jikelele ngokungagqibekanga kuyilo web. Eyona ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa imibala ezimbini kwabakhangela okulungileyo kunye. Ezi iisekethe zisetyenziselwa ukwenza isimbo, isibheno, kwakunye ukuba ingqiqo yobuhle wokuhambelana.

Okunye uyilo oluphambili kuquka imibala eziliqela ngaxeshanye, ngokuqhelekileyo esekelwe ngeenxa umbala omnye, umzekelo, itekisi kunye imibala efana blue ebomvu, mthubi,-orenji kwaye ukukhanya walungiselela kunye kwisiqalo abamnyama inqaku lemagazini. Iziphaluka kwakhona ziquka lineentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo umbala, ukusuka ukukhanya kakhulu (phantse abamhlophe) ukuba mnyama kakhulu.

Newton nombala spectrum

ivili Newton umbala yindlela elula supplements summation ukuba axube imibala kwiipropati, abaziintloko phakathi ezibizwa iyavumelana kwaye ilahlwe, elinye nelinye. Umyalelo ukubekwa kunxulumene ngqo ngamaza spectra ahambelanayo. Ekupheleni kwale 1660s, Newton uqalisa ukuba zizame isenzeko ezikhanyayo.

Ngelo xesha ke ayekholelwa ukuba umhlaba - sisichasi lobumnyama. ukuqonda mihla ukukhanya nombala luqala Isaaka Nyutona (1642-1726 GG.), Yaye uthotho amalinge, apho wapapasha ngo-1672. Nguye lo wokuqala yaqaphela umnyama - ngokusebenzisa bemilo ayaphula ukukhanya emhlophe, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, baqala ukukhanya shades luhlaza.

umahluko optical

Isetyhula lungiselelo adumileyo imibala ecacicleyo wavela 1704 eNgilani. ivili umbala original Newton iquka bomvu, orenji, omthubi, oluhlaza, cyan blue, ultramarine blue, nemisonto emsi. Amagcisa baye bathabatheka zizo eziqondakalisa ngokucacileyo ukuba wamnika Isaak Nyuton. ivili Umbala - oko ingcamango kakhulu luncedo ngabapeyinti, elo lungiselelo ingqiqo seentyatyambo ehlabathini achazwe apha. Le tshati singezantsi singangumzekelo kwiinkqubo ezininzi umbala XVIII-XIX iinkulungwane. abayili abaninzi baye bawamkela lo ukufunyanwa ukudala nesicelo somandlalo ezihle shades ezahlukeneyo.

ngezigaba

Imibala eziphambili zithathwa ukuba abe luhlaza, bomvu ebengezelayo. Ezifanelekileyo zamabanga - into eluhlaza,-orenji kunye nemfusa (okanye Violet). umbala ephakamileyo akhiwa ngayo ngokuxuba zamabanga kunye ephambili ziquka ezihamba: luhlaza-mthubi, omthubi-orenji,-orenji-ebomvu, bamfusa bubomvu, purplish-blue and blue-eluhlaza.

Enye zokuhlelwa mihla ezisetyenziswa abayili, kubandakanya ukwahlulwa zilandelayo imibala:

• Imibala eqaqambileyo kunye Shiny, ezinabisa abangaboniyo isithuba.
• imibala emnyama kunye namandla ukuba ukudala intuthuzelo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ukunciphisa isithuba.
• imibala Cool (blue, oluhlaza, nemfusa), nto leyo bajongene ekudaleni Zola nokuvala umoya.
• imibala Ukuzifudumeza: Ezi ziquka shades tyheli, abe bomvu naorenji. Bawuzisa ngaphakathi kwelanga kunye touch lolonwabo.