Intambo yentambo - yintoni na? Ziziphi iintambo?

Iintambo zentambo (iintambo zentambo) zibizwa ngokuba zixhobo zombane okanye i-fiber optic ezivumela ukuba udibanise okanye uqhagamshelane nezixhobo zombane. Ukuhanjiswa okukhulu kwezi mveliso kwakusentsimini yokuyila kunye nokudalwa kwamanethiwekhi asekuhlaleni. Ukuxhuma ukutshintsha, qhagamshela izixhobo zokusebenza kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano, intambo yentambo yesi-5, eyenziwe ngama-industrial or artisanal methods, isetyenziswa rhoqo apha. Kwinkqubo kwakhona iifiber optic catch cords.

Intambo yentambo - yintoni na? Usebenza njani?

Ukudibanisa izixhobo zenethiwekhi ezingafaniyo, kufuneka usebenzise iicandelo ezikhethekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuxhuma iPC kwi-router ye-DSL okanye utshintsho, kuya kufuneka ulungiselele intambo yenethiwekhi yentambo. Yintoni na? Le nxalenye yecandelo le-UTP elikhusekileyo okanye elingagxinwa nobude be-1.5 m, kumacala omabini ama-RJ-45 axhunyiwe ngokusetyenziswa kweso sixhobo. Ezi zixhobo zingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa phantse nayiphi na inxalenye yesimo senethiwekhi. Iimfuneko zixhobo ezixhasa kuphela ukusebenzisana kwe-fiber-optic. Kwezinye amanxibelelwano zendawo, kusekhona ukutshintshwa kwezixhobo zokusebenza esebenzisa i-cable coaxial. Okwangoku sele baphelile.

Imigangatho ye-TIA-568A kunye ne-TIA-568B

Kukho imigangatho yokuxhuma ezo zixhobo kwezinye iifowuni: TIA-568A kunye ne-TIA-568B. Iyiphi intambo yentambo 5e esetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iisetyenzisi zenethiwekhi? Imigangatho ichaza umyalelo weemvini ngamanye ngemibala ngaphakathi kwesixhobo. Inyaniso kukuba ngaphakathi kwekhampasi ye-UTP phantsi komgca wokuqhawula kukho iifayile eziphosakeleyo zabaqhubi. Apha kubo kwaye uphawu luhanjiswa. Isalathisi sokubambisa esihlasele umqhubi unokuba nombala owodwa wesibhozo:

• Orange;
• I-White-orange;
• Oluhlaza;
• Oluhlaza okomhlophe;
• Luhlaza;
• I-White-blue;
• Brown;
• Umbala omhlophe.

Ngomgangatho we-TIA-568A, umyalelo wesalathiso uqala ngocingo obumhlophe kunye obuluhlaza. Kwimiqulu ye-TIA-568B, iintambo ze-orange zihamba kuqala. Ezinye iintlukwano kwimiyalelo yemifuno ibonakala kumfanekiso. Abanye abanonxibelelwano benethiwekhi bawushintsha ngokukhawuleza umyalelo wee-cores xa udibanisa i-connectors. Ukwenza oku akukhuthazwayo. Kungcono ukulandela esinye sezicwangciso eziqhelekileyo, ukuze ungadideki kamva.

Yintoni endiyakwazi ukudibanisa kunye nekhefu yekatch?

Ukuxinezeleka kumacala omabini enkcazo kubaluleke kakhulu kumlawuli wenkqubo. Kukho amacebo amaninzi anokuxhumeka kwinethwekhi esebenzisa intambo yokukhangela. Ziziphi ezi zixhobo? Lwabo uluhlu lukhulu. Nazi ezinye iindlela ezithandwa kakhulu:

• Inkcazo yepakethi yomgca kwi-PC okanye kwi-laptop;
• Ikhompyutha kwi modem ye-DSL;
• Shintshela kwi-router okanye enye itshintsho;
• Ikhompyutheni kwi-hub;
• I modem ye-DSL kwisixhobo sokuhamba okanye ukutshintsha;
• Ufikelelo olungenazintambo kwi-switch okanye ngaphandle kwe-PoE.

Ukuba i-lc lc yentambo isetyenzisiweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ixhunyaniswe ukutshintsha kunye neendlela zokuhamba. Olu hlobo lwenkcazo lusetyenziselwa ukuxhuma ukutshintshana kunye nezinye izixhobo zonxibelelwano ukuze ufake iipaneli.

Ziziphi iinguqulelo zentambo ye-patch

Naphezu kokulula kweso sixhobo, izixhobo zentambo zineenkalo ezithile. Ngako-ke, banokwakheka kwinqanaba le-5, le-5 okanye le-6. Umfanekiso uchaza ukuba ziphi izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kule fayili, luhlobo luni lwe-RJ-45 connectors esebenzisa intambo ye-UTP yentambo. Kuthetha ukuthini oku kusebenza? Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-UTP zixhasa amaxabiso eenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo. Abanye babo banako ukubonelela ngokubanzi ukuhanjiswa kwegama. I-CAT yeC Cable 6 inokongezwa okongeziweyo, ikhusela ukuvela kweentlanzi kwinethiwekhi ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kombane kunye nezinye izinto. Kuqinisekiswe ukuba kusetyenziswe amanethiwekhi e-Gigabit Ethernet. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuba kutheni inqanaba lesi-6 lingafumani ukusabalalisa ngokubanzi lixabiso eliphezulu. Yaye ininzi yemisebenzi yenethwekhi ingasombululwa ngekhefu le-CAT 5 okanye i-CAT 5e.

Inkxaso yeGigabit Ethernet, umba wekhwalithi ye-UTP

Kukho ukungaqondi kakuhle phakathi kwabaxumi ukuba kufuneka babe nekhebula le-CAT 6 ukuze bafumane uphawu lweGigabit kwinethiwekhi yabo. Le nkcazo isebenzayo kuphela kwimeko apho iinqwelo ezincinci zemvelaphi ezithengayo zithengwa. Ikhwalithi efanelekileyo ye-5e eyenziwe kwimigangatho efanelekileyo iya kuba nomqondiso wegigabit. Ingxaki yalo kuphela kukuba ayizange ifakwe okanye iqinisekiswe ngoku. Ngako oko, umenzi awuqinisekisi ukuba uluhlu lwekhefu le-5 luya kuxhasa iGigabit Ethernet. Ngokubanzi, enye yezinto eziphambili kwanoma iyiphi inethiwekhi yekhompyutheni yanamhlanje yintambo yokukhangela. Kuthetha ukuthini oku kusebenza? Inyaniso yokuba umgangatho wale mveliso iya kuxhomekeka ngokusisiseko kwi-network yonxibelelwano. Ngokomzekelo, ukukhuseleka okubuthathaka kumsindo wombane kunokukhokelela kwinani elikhulu lamaphutha kunye nokunciphisa izinga lokudluliswa kwedatha. Awukwazi ukuvumela oku. Kubalulekile ukujonganisa ngokugqithiseleyo umgangatho weentambo ze-UTP ezisetyenziselwa kwinethiwekhi yendawo.

Ulwahlulo oluphambili lwezintambo zee-5 kunye nee-6

Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo ngokubanzi kwizixhobo ze-UTP 5-th. Zizishibhile, zilula kwaye zinokwethenjelwa. Ukuba ezi mveliso zenziwe ngekhwalithi, zize zingenazo iingxaki ziya kugcina isiginci segigabit. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ungayifumana intambo yentambo yesigaba sesi-6 (malunga nama-3-5% amatyala). Ziziphi iimeko eziphambili phakathi kwentambo yesi-5e? Uluphi umcingo womlingo osetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo? Le mveliso yinkalo yesibini yepakini ephosiweyo, eqhelekileyo nganye ene-RJ-45 isixhobo. Ngalo, ucingo lufakwe kwikhonkco ehambelana nomtshini okanye umnatha womnatha wekhompyutha. Idatha idluliselwa kwibala lobunzima ukuya kwi-100 MHz. Ezi zixhobo zokucoca zicetyiswa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zokucubungula (SCS). Ngoko ngendlela yenzululwazi ibizwa ngokuba ngumnatha wekhompyutha. Ididi edibeneyo yamacandelo ama-5 kunye no-5 awunawo ungqimba wokukhuselwa okongeziweyo, ngoko unokusetyenziswa kuphela kumagumbi avaliweyo.

Ziziphi iimfihlakalo ezithatha intambo yesiqhelo? Ziziphi iimpawu ezenza loo mveliso ibe yinto ephela jikelele yokwakha amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha? Uluhlu lwangaphandle lukhusela iingcingo zethusi zethusi enye zijikiweyo zibe zibini kwaye zibe nobubanzi be-0.52 mm. Umqhubi ngamnye uhlanganiswe nge polyethylene eqinile. Ikhusela imifuno ephazamisekileyo eyahlukeneyo kunye ne-water ingress, oxidation. I-cable ye-UTP ine-flexibility high, evumela ukusebenzisa iindlela ezingalindelekanga zendlela yokunxibelelana.

Uthini umahluko phakathi kwentambo yomnqamlezo

Iintambo ze-crossover zenethiwekhi zihlobo olukhethekileyo lweendlela zokufakelwa ezisetyenziselwa amadivayisi eSSS. Inkalo yabo yinkqubo yokuxhamla umnqamlezo weencindi ngamnye ekugqibeleni ngokuxhomekeke ngqo kwisixhumi. Ngoko ke, ukuba i-TIA-568A isetyenziswe kwicala elinye, isicwangciso seTIA-568B sisetyenziswe kwenye. Kutheni usebenzise intambo yomnqamlezo? Oku kunika ntoni? Ngaphambili, ezo zixhobo zazisetyenziswa ukuxhuma iikhomputha komnye nomnye. Namhlanje esi sigqibo siphelelwe yisikhathi. Akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa i-cross-connects ehlukeneyo ukuxhuma ii-PC ezithile ngaphandle kokutshintsha izixhobo. Amakhadi enethiwekhi yanamhlanje afunde ukuzimela ngokuzimela ukuba yeyiphi imifuno esetshenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwegama, kwaye oko kukufumana. Ngoko ke, imisebenzi esi sixhobo soxinano kufuneka isombulule iya kwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo nangaluphi uhlobo lwekhebula.