Imithetho ukuvala ukutshaya kwiindawo zoluntu. Isohlwayo ngenxa ukutshaya kwiindawo zikawonke eRashiya. Apho ukutshaya uvumelekile?

Ukutshaya - ngumkhwa embi kakhulu nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba likhoboka kunye neengxaki zempilo. Urhulumente Russian uyawalwela nzima nezithandane inicotine, yaye loo nto ziye zathathwa imithetho ukuvala ukutshaya kwiindawo zoluntu. Abaninzi kubo beva, kodwa bambalwa uyazi zonke izilungiso kunye nezohlwayo. Kweli nqaku, siza sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha imithetho ezininzi malunga ukutshaya, kwakunye isixa zohlwayo ngemali violators.

malunga bill

ligqithise 23/02/2013 umthetho ban ukutshaya kuzo kwiindawo zikawonke ye-Russian Federation. Kuye igama elisemthethweni yenani 15-FZ. Kuyinto umbuzo impilo kunye nokusingqongileyo ukusuka ukuphefumla umsi wecuba. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye izinto ze-bill kuza ukusebenza emva ukwamkelwa esisandulelayo kuphela konyaka. Umzekelo, izilungiso malunga ngokwanda irhafu iimveliso zecuba, kwakunye ixabiso elisezantsi liphezulu yecuba weza ukusebenza kuphela ngoJanuwari 2014.

NgoJulayi 2014 umthetho wokuvalwa ukutshaya kwiindawo zoluntu Russian Federation ziye zaphucuka. It izilungiso, ezinxulumene urhwebo ezingcolileyo iimveliso zecuba. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba kuza kuphela kunyaka ozayo, 2017.

nbsp bill

Ngokwe-manani ukusuka Ministry of Health ngonyaka ngamnye ukususela umhlaza kunye nezinye izifo zamaphaphu ubulala malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi abemi Russian Federation. A lot of iingxaki zempilo okubangelwa yemidiza etshaywa ngabanye okanye esebenzayo. Eli nani iyothusa. Kwaba ngenxa yokukhula mkhuba kwenani iintshayi karhulumente yamkela bill ban ukutshaya kwiindawo zoluntu. Ngenxa yazo, kufuneka ube ukutyhala ukunciphisa inani iintshayi nokuqinisekisa ukukhuthazwa yokuphila esempilweni phakathi abaselula.

Iinjongo ze-Bill, njengoko nditshilo ngaphambili, ukunciphisa inani abatshayayo, ukushiywa mthethweni zakwa icuba, kwakunye nokukhuthazwa ubomi obusempilweni, ukuphucula imeko xa iyonke yokusingqongileyo kunye nokukhuselwa ubomi non abemi. Nangona iinjongo, iingcali zithi iziphumo zokuqala umsebenzi womthetho ingabonwa kuphela emva ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu.

Kanye apho awukwazi ukutshaya?

Umthetho wokuvalwa ukutshaya kwiindawo zikawonke kuthetha uluhlu kwimimandla apho azivunyelwa usebenzisa iimveliso ngokutshaya. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela imiqathango yomthetho iquka izohlwayo eninzi imali for ephula yayo. Ukususela ngoJuni 2013 malunga kummandla Russian Federation, non-ifi kweemitha ezingama-15 kuzo zonke iintlobo ezinjengeetheminali, ulwandle, umlambo kunye namazibuko moya uphuma. Ngokuba zonke ezinye iindidi indawo unokusebenzisa izithintelo ezimbalwa, leyo ngoku ukuxoxa.

Sanatoriums, izibhedlele, izithuthi zikarhulumente, kwizakhiwo izakhiwo zokuhlala, iilwandle, amabala okudlala, iziko lemfundo okanye yenkcubeko - indawo apho kukho ukutshaya kwiindawo zikawonke (umthetho). iimitha ezi-5 ukusuka kuloo ndawo - ngumgama apho lo mgaqo usebenza. Umoni kuya kufuneka uhlawule isohlwayo.

Ukutshaya kule ndlu yokuhlala

Lidla iintshayi kuba engachananga avunyelwe ukuba ukutshaya kwi esikoleni, njengoko siyipropati yabucala. Nangona kunjalo, bonke akunjalo. Amangeno - oku indawo yoluntu, nto leyo kuthathwa kwindawo yoluntu. Sikholelwa ukuba wonke umntu uyazi ukuba nawuphi na umthetho, kukho ukuxolelwa. UMthetho olawula ukutshaya kwiindawo zoluntu Russian Federation iye kubo. Ukutshaya akuvumelekanga kwisakhiwo indlu, ukuba ngaba indawo eyahlukileyo kwafakwa umoya elungileyo yaye bavunyelwe ukuba basebenzise phantsi igumbi le.

Ngubani ijonga ukulandelwa le migangatho?

Nanamhla oku, umthetho phezu ifi kwiindawo zoluntu Russian Federation kwaphucuka eya kuthi yongezwe. Nangona ukuba iminyaka emithathu, asinguye wonk 'umntu uyazi kakuhle ukuba ngubani na ukuba esweni ukuthotyelwa kunye nemigangatho kuyo.

Urhulumente sasungula umbutho eyahlukileyo eyayiza ohlwaye abantu abatshayayo mthethweni, kunjalo, kufuneka elide ukucinga ngayo. Nangona isakhiwo esitsha, nto leyo aya kubeka esweni ukuphunyezwa komthetho, ayenziwanga ukuba iintshayi longamela amapolisa. State Duma isekela Oleg Nilov ukholelwa kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba ukubulawa yomthetho ayifanele iliso ngokwabo abemi. Ucebisa BaseRashiya kwi emehlweni icuba khawuleza uhlangane namapolisa. Nilov kwakhona kucetyiswa ukuba ukulungisa ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela imithetho kwi lwecamera. Okwangoku, nekhulu ekhulwini violators baya kohlwaywa ezilishumi kuphela.

Nilov ukholelwa ukuba abemi abaninzi of Russia ngayo komgomo ezinjalo, lo mthetho uya kuba nempumelelo.

Isixa kwezohlwayo emali

kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, umthetho kwadluliselwa ifi kwiindawo zoluntu. Izohlwayo baye kuphela emva konyaka. Oleg Nilov ukholelwa ukuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo - akukho ubungakanani isohlwayo emali, kwaye ntuthuko intlawulo. Makhe sihlolisise oko izohlwayo balindele violators. Kuba ifi yokudlala okanye naye kuya kufuneka ahlawule phakathi amabini amawaka amathathu. Imali efanayo ezifanelekileyo nezinye iindawo apho esi sithintelo siyasebenza.

Kanye utywala, icuba, balelwa ukuthenga nokusebenzisa kubantu abangakhange uwagqibile amashumi uninzi. Elivisayo, kungekhona ngokungqinelana neemfuno zoMthetho olumisiweyo uya kohlwaywa yi isohlwayo amathathu amawaka amahlanu. Kwakhona kusongela isohlwayo emali kunye nomthengisi. Imali iya kuba ukususela engange-30 ukuya kuma-50 amawaka.

Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa imithetho ukuvala ukutshaya kwiindawo zoluntu ukulungiselela izohlwayo kwabo lazisa okwishumi elivisayo mkhwa mbi. Isixa-mali isohlwayo idla omnye amawaka amabini. Ukuba ngummi ubonisa ezirekhodiweyo okanye ividiyo kunye ukukhankanywa icuba elivisayo, ukuba unyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule isohlwayo, nto leyo eya kuba ngamawaka 20-200.

Ngokutsho kurhulumente, njengenyathelo intlalo yale mihla ngumthetho wokuvalwa ukutshaya kwiindawo zoluntu. Izohlwayo kufuneka bafunde ukuxabisa impilo abatshayayo, kodwa abanye zakhe kuphela. Kuwa phantsi kolawulo olungqongqo kunye namaziko karhulumente. Ukuba umbutho khange ithotyelwe ngokupheleleyo kunye nezindululo malunga nokuhlaliswa iindawo njengeendawo zokutshayela, oko kuya walihlawulisa ukususela engange-20 ukuya kuma-80 amawaka. Ukuthobela kunye nemigangatho efunekayo ukuze esweni amagosa amapolisa asekuhlaleni kunye nayiphi na impatho ngokukhawuleza athathe amanyathelo.

umncedisi Uluvo yoMphathiswa Prime

Umncedisi obhinqileyo kumphathiswa Russian yinkulumbuso Gennadiy Onischenko iye yaxhasa umlomo ifi kwiindawo zoluntu. Russia, ngokwembono yakhe, eneneni lilizwe oluphucukileyo, leyo sibuxabise impilo yabo. Onishchenko wagxininisa ukuba ukutshaya ubanga izigidi zabantu. Imithetho ukuvala ukutshaya kwiindawo zoluntu, ngokwembono yakhe - ukhetho best ekulweni ububi. Ukholelwa ukuba oku kwetyhefu kade, kwaye kufuneka belwa kumzabalazo sikufuna naye.

Imithetho ngokutshaya kwiindawo zikawonke phesheya

Ukuba Russia kwenza kuphela amanyathelo kuqala umendo kwi ubomi obusempilweni ngaphandle ukutshaya, ukuba kwamanye amazwe amaninzi, ukulwa sele ehamba iminyaka elishumi. Umzekelo, eMelika kunye UK ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweziveliso zecuba kwiindawo engagunyaziswanga umoni uya kuba noxanduva lokuhlawula isohlwayo ubukhulu ukusuka kwelinye ukuya amawaka amabini eerandi.

Imithetho ngokutshaya kwiindawo zikawonke kakhulu alawulwe e Greece kunye Japan. Kukho ifayini violator unokuba phakathi kwamawaka amathathu eerandi. Okumangalisayo kukuba, eJapan kukho uluhlu kwezitalato apho ngokupheleleyo non-ukutshaya.

Ugwayi phantsi counter

Ukwaphulwa kwalo mthetho, nto leyo ke kuya kuxoxwa, yeyona common kakhulu. Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa umthetho № 15-FZ othintela zithengise ukutya bazandlala iimveliso zecuba kwi window. Urhulumente icebisa ukugcina imidiza phantsi counter, kunye isishwankathelo jikelele cinga kuphela inani layo. Kufuneka kungabikho imifanekiso, kuphela igama kunye nexabiso.

Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva,

Ngo-2013, imithetho ukuvala ukutshaya kwiindawo zikawonke baye bamkelwa, kodwa ndizise kuxhamle uluntu, nto leyo ulindele ukuba urhulumente kunye non-nokutshaya yinxalenye labantu? Njengokuba besesitshilo ngaphambili, ezi nkcukacha-manani ziza kufumaneka kwiminyaka emihlanu, kodwa ke ezinye utshintsho zisekhona. Ngazo kunye nentetho.

Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kusekutsha kakhulu ukuba izigqibo, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba abantu abatshayayo mbalwa. Sehlile ipesenti iintshayi kolutsha. Ukuba phambi kokuba utsale ikona yesikolo, kwaye ngoku kule esweni ngenyameko amapolisa zezithili.

Inaccuracy kwi kwityala

Ummeli onamava Timur Bondarev wathi oyilwayo oluyilwe olungachanekanga ngokupheleleyo. Njengoko sikhumbula, ummiselo ukutshaya kwiivenkile ngaphakathi cafes. Noko ke, kanye ukutyhilwa ndawo ayimeleyo. Ngoko ke umthetho ngokulula umngeni. Ngokutsho kwakhe, umthetho kufuneka ziphuhliswe ngakumbi, ukuze kwixesha elizayo ukuba ukujongana ngasonye.

Ngokoluvo abemi Russian Federation

Emva kokuhlolisisa bonke iimpendulo, kunokwenziwa isigqibo ukuba izimvo yahlulwa malunga nomthetho eyamkelweyo. Usoloko abangatshayiyo abahlali inkxaso ezintsha, kodwa abatshayayo basabela ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Amaninzi, ke abachasene ukuvalwa onjalo.

Sinqwenela ukutsalela iziphetho

Umthetho № 15-FZ wangena force kutshanje, kwiminyaka nje emithathu eyadlulayo. ezifunyanisiweyo Global ekuseni, kodwa kuyabonakala ukuba ukuphucuka lisekhona. Isima nje ukukhuthazwa kweziveliso zecuba kumabonwakude, kodwa kwintengiso evulekileyo. Oku kwakhokelela ekwehleni kwenani abatshayayo, abanye babo ebudaleni. Makhe Ndiyathemba ukuba lo nguye kuphela ekuqaleni, kwaye lo mthetho uza kunceda uluntu, kuquka abaselula.