Iintlobo ukopha, zoncedo lokuqala ukopha. Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa ukopha

Misa ukopha - kodwa ikakhulu abahlohli zoqeqesho bathi ubonelelo zoncedo lokuqala yomenzakalo kunye neengozi. Ziziphi iindidi ukopha kunye noncedo lokuqala kubo - nantso into eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

iintlobo ukopha

Okokuqala, yintoni na ukopha kunye nendlela oko kuyingozi. Amayeza ziye zachongwa iqela ukuhlela. Kulo mzekelo, kakuhle ngabo bonke wopha ngengalo owenzakeleyo okanye umlenze - nje ityala okhethekileyo.

Types of ukopha. uncedo lokuqala ukopha kuxhomekeke yayonakele olunjani isitya, phi kwaye njani ukopha kakhulu.

Ukungcola kwendawo nencindi yegazi:

• ngaphandle;
• nezwe.

Ukwahlukana ngohlobo iimpahla ezonakeleyo:

• lwemithambo;
• igazi;
• capillary;
• parenchymal;
• mixed.

Ngokutsho uhlobo inkqubo edale ukopha:

• ebuhlungu;
• yezifo.

Ngokutsho ubukhulu:

• ukukhanya - 500 ml;
• avareji - 1 l;
• heavy - 1.5 l;
• okukhulu - 2.5 l;
• ezibulalayo - up to iilitha ezi-3 (oko kukuthi 50-60% ye umthamo wegazi lilonke);
• nakanjani bulala: iilitha ezi-3 ukuya 3.5 (uwonke-60%).

Kuba abantwana abancinane kucingwa ukuba yingozi 250 ml ukopha.

Iimpawu Common ukopha

Kwimeko yelahleko igazi kuvela iimpawu ezifanayo:

• ukubetha amandla;
• iyangongoza intliziyo;
• nesiyezi;
• hliswa wegazi;
• niphele.

Kwiimeko kakhulu, nto iphuhlisa zomzimba ngenxa zibangelwa kukwehla umthamo wegazi ebhedini semithambo, kwaye igazi zaneleyo zokwenza amalungu ebalulekileyo oksijini.

Iindlela ukunceda ukopha lwangaphandle

Xa unika uncedo lokuqala ukusebenzisa ebizwa ngokuba yi-iindlela okwethutyana kwamfundisi. Kuxhomekeke iintlobo ukopha, zoncedo lokuqala ukopha zingaquka ezi ndlela zilandelayo.

• Tourniquet. Sebenzisa i rubber band. Lisetyenziswa xa kukho umonakalo kwemithambo eziphambili amalungu omzimba okanye ukopha olubanzi akayeki ezinye iindlela. Umjikelo wokuqala angabeka tight, besentimitha ezimbalwa ngaphezu site ukopha. Phantsi tourniquet Somrhaqa ngelaphu ukuze kunokwenzakalisa lomzimba. Jiko zilandelayo abayenzayo kunye kwempixano ubuncinane, ukulungisa iintambo, eyiyeka kwindawo esemboniselweni. Isicelo isaziso esibonisa ixesha - awukwazi aliqhawule kwemithambo iiyure ezingaphezu kwama-2.
• Ngaphambi kokuba nokusebenzisa i yeflakisi okanye ukuba umonakalo kwiindawo ezikude, Umthambo occluded, ngokucinezela lobhontsi okanye ngamanqindi kwi ukuvelela ingamathambo ngaphezu site kukwenzakala.
• Ubuninzi omzimba ukugoba occluded isitya. Kulo mzekelo, beka begoba ubeke umqamelo ngelaphu, umhlabelo, okanye into zezindlu encinane ucinezelo ngcono.
• Yi le ndawo umonakalo lusetyenziswa ice inyama okubangela constriction kwemithambo yegazi.
• Kwasala kunye ngebhandishi compressive isetyenziswe ukopha minor. Le tampon ke desensitised xa kuyimfuneko ngamanzi abandayo, nesisombululo-3% iperoksayidi yehidrojeni okanye usebenzisa isiponji hemostatic. Xa buzane amabhandeji igazi abeke entsha phezu endala.

Ukuba kukho iintlobo ngokunzulu ukopha, uncedo lokuqala kufuneka zinikwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngamanye amaxesha, le ngxelo iqhubeka umzuzu. Indlela ukuqonda indlela yingozi le meko? Kuba oku kuyimfuneko ukwahlula uhlobo olunye kolunye ukopha.

lwemithambo

Ukonakala kwemithambo ezibangela ukopha enobungozi. uncedo lokuqala opha isitya olukhulu licinezelwe nxamnye kwemithambo umnwe flexion lilungu elithile okanye tourniquet. Ukuba amanyathelo zoncedo zichanekile, ukopha eyeka ngoko nangoko xa ilungu tourniquet ngezantsi kwisiza iba uba ebandayo.

Kwimeko umonakalo kwemithambo ukufa ngenxa yokulahlekelwa igazi lunokwenzeka 10 - imizuzu eli-15. Kwimeko umonakalo carotid kunye femoral kwimithambo na sinciphile ixesha. Indlela ukwahlula phakathi umfutho ukopha? Igazi ukhanya-nebomvu nemsi, elandela umlambo enamandla kwamaza.

lwemithambo

ukopha lwemithambo: zoncedo lokuqala, iintlobo kunye iimpawu iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukumisa kwemithambo kwelandelayo.

• Blood babe cherry nombala emnyama, kulandela kuthotha eqhubekayo okanye ukuphuma.
• Nomonakalo kunye bleedings omkhulu isicelo olubanzi nezikrweqe, kwezinye iimeko kwanele Wayitsala umlenze okanye ukunyanzelisa umhlabelo, xi.

capillary

Capillary ukopha, zoncedo lokuqala nokopha, iintlobo zoncedo lokuqala pohozhina abo lwemithambo.

• Igazi oluphuma enxebeni, cala umbala obomvu.
• Indlela ukuyeka - umhlabelo compressive, ingqele, tamponade.

Ukwenzakala semithambo okunjalo kuyingozi kuphela xa yophela lwangaphakathi okanye igazi ekunqandeni kakuhle.

wopha

kuvela Pathology e zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo systemic, kwentlungu, ifiva, sunstroke, overvoltage, ukuphazamiseka yokujikeleza, izifo kunye iintsilelo lweHo- ngeempumlo. Mhlawumbi nexhala noxinezeleko. Ngokufuthi oko kwenzeka kubantwana abancinane kunye nabafikisayo ngexesha utshintsho hormone umzimba.

Ukuba umntu nokopha, zoncedo lokuqala ukuba ukopha, iintlobo kunye neendlela ukuba ayeke ukumlandela.

• Kuphela aphefumle ngomlomo.
• Musa ukuginya igazi.
• Aliqhawule yempumlo imizuzu 5-10.
• Beka ebandayo empumlweni, emva kwe entloko.
• Ngobunono wafaka empumlweni vatku, ogalelwe ioli esisahlulo nesisombululo-3% hydrogen peroxide.

Xa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ebandayo pads gcina intloko yakho ubhukuqiwe kancinane karhulumente. Kwezinye iimeko, kancinane axis, kangangokuba igazi babakho impumlo yakhe yaye akazange ukungena umqala.

Ukuba ukopha akupheli kwisithuba imizuzu eli-15, ubize inqwelo yezigulana.

yophela yangaphakathi

Iintlobo ukopha, zoncedo lokuqala ukopha nemingxuma zangaphakathi, iimpawu zabo.

• Igazi lingena emiphungeni - ibangela nokudumba yemiphunga, ukukhohlela igazi. Xa ukopha kulo kwisisu pleural - uphelelwa ngumphefumlo ngenxa ucinezelo kwemiphunga. Victim abunikele Half-tye, imilenze kruthu, amadolo phantsi isondo underlay.
• Xa igazi flow ukuya kwisisu kukho iimpawu oqhelekileyo ukopha, iintlungu esiswini. Indawo ixhoba - engqengqe ngomqolo, imilenze waguqa kwi.
• Kuzo zombini ezi meko, indawo ukopha kujongwe wabeka umkhenkce, zinika umoya okwanele. Asekhona sifo.
• Ukuba igazi ayivuzi na kungena ukudumba kwezihlunu kunye hematoma kwakhiwa.

Onke amatyala ukopha lwangaphakathi zifuna esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.

wesizalo ukopha

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ukopha kunye noncedo lokuqala ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo okuzala omzimba nemazi kufuna unyango abanezakhono. Wesibeleko baphiwa kunye imithambo yegazi ukunqanda ukopha ayikho simple kangaka. Oku kufuna kuqaliswe iziyobisi kunye nongenelelo rhoqo yotyando.

Wesizalo ukopha zinokwenzeka kwiinkqubo ukudumba kwaye sisiba mandundu kwi isibeleko, ukuphazamiseka kwamadlala, ukukhulelwa.

ukunikezela iindlela zoncedo lokuqala:

• Thatha indawo uvaleke, imilenze baphakamisa, Mfuleni phantsi komqamelo lwabo.
• Xhobani pack isisu umkhenkce okanye ibhotile ngamanzi abandayo ngalo ilaphu. Gcina ice ukuba imizuzu eli-10-15, uthabathe ikhefu ukuba imizuzu emi-5. Nje ukugcina malunga 1-2 iiyure ezibandayo.
• Ukuze niwuzalise ukopha Kucetyiswa ukuba usele.

Xa iimeko Intsimi uncedo kubaluleke kakhulu kuqala ukopha. amayeza Extreme ibandakanya ulungiselelo lokhathalelo nobuchule kwindawo apho akunakwenzeka ukuba ngokukhawuleza funa uqwalaselo lwamayeza. Xa becwangcisa isifundo ukunyuka intaba, zemidlalo ezahlukeneyo, ukuzingela, ukuloba kufuneka kufumaneka kwi sethi isezantsi lula amayeza - lokuqala-zoncedo nekhithi. Ukumisa ukopha idinga tourniquet, amabhandeji, izibulali. ekhulwini Three hydrogen peroxide isisombululo ococa kuphela inxeba, kodwa negalelo ukunqanda ukopha. Ukuze compress izitya yomlenze Ungasebenzisa indlela busondele; x acocekileyo / cotton ngelaphu, itshefu, isikhafu, ibhanti, impahla. Endaweni ikwenze ungakwazi inokuwisa twist, esebenzisa isiqwenga ilaphu kunye stick.

Xa kunjalo, xa kusenzeka ukopha, kufuneka ukuchonga uhlobo kunye nobukhulu, ukuba kuyimfuneko, aliqhawule nasesithupheni nokulungiselela isitya bokumisa ukopha. Kuba yokulimala ixhoba, ukuba kuziswe ukuya ekliniki uze esibhedlele. Ukuthembela isazi uncedo lwezonyango, kufuneka ube nolwazi olwaneleyo ukuze, xa kuyimfuneko, ukunceda wena kunye nabo ubathandayo. Eneneni, kwezinye iimeko, i-ambulensi nga fika kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa, yaye ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka sithathe ixhoba ukuya kwidolophu ekufutshane ngokwabo.