Iimpawu MFIs

Kunzima ukuba zazi ukubaluleka ngetyala kuqoqosho. Mboleko ukuba amashishini ukuphumeza ngokukhawuleza imveliso zabo (ngokusebenzisa mboleko yorhwebo), ukunyusa ingxowa ezongezelelweyo ngenxa yotshintsho-asethi ezisisigxina, njl Kwelinye icala, imali-mboleko ivumela ababoleki ukuthenga izinto eziluqilima ibiza kakhulu, "imingxuma ezipetshiweyo" kwiimeko zemali enzima njalo njalo. Ngokufutshane, ngetyala uyinxenye kuqoqosho emarikeni.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokubanzi ebizwa ngokuba yi-amaziko microfinance. amaninzi kakhulu sinako ukubona imiqondiso ezitratweni nemibutho ebandakanyekayo ekuphumezeni mboleko ezincinane zexesha elifutshane. Ukuze ukuchaza indima nokubaluleka MFIs kuqoqosho kuyimfuneko ukuhlola iimpawu eziphambili umsebenzi wabo, ulawulo lomthetho, kwakunye amaxabiso kunye credit ngokoMthetho.

Ngokuhambelana kunye nezibonelelo ze-Federal Law ka Julayi 2, 2010 N 151-FZ "On imibutho microfinance kunye microfinance" phantsi umbutho microfinance ichazwa "iqumrhu elisemthethweni elibhaliswe uhlobo kwengxowa-mali, izimele engenzi amaziko (ngaphandle kwamaziko ibhajethi) non-ezorhwebo partnership, i kwezoqoqosho inkampani okanye intsebenziswano ekwenzeni imisebenzi microfinance kwaye wangena kwirejista karhulumente lwemibutho microfinance ngendlela echazwe ngumthetho. "

Ukuze siqonde inkcazelo yombutho microfinance kufuneka sichaze ingqikelelo imisebenzi microfinance. Sootvetstsvuyuschego komthetho kunye nezenzo amaziko microfinance banokufumana izigqibo:

• umsebenzi microfinance - umsebenzi ejoliswe ekunikeni abemi, oosomashishini ngamnye kunye nemibutho mboleko phantsi izivumelwano ezifanelekileyo;
• mboleko kumaziko microfinance mayingagqithi engange million 1;
• mboleko elide, unyaka idla ngaphantsi kwe omnye (iiveki 52).

Ukusasazwa ngokukhethekileyo amaziko microfinance ezifunyenwe emva kokuba ukwamkelwa yomthetho "On imibutho microfinance kunye microfinance", enika inkcazelo lwemisebenzi microfinance, umisela umyalelo yemisebenzi yabo kunye neempawu eziphambili ukulawula imisebenzi yabo. Umzekelo, umthetho ubonelela izithintelo kakhulu kwi kwimisebenzi yemibutho microfinance, sichaza amalungelo abo kunye nezibophelelo.

Kucacile ukuba microfinance (-mboleko kwi-mali esingekho ngaphezulu kwesigidi esinye) sisiseko lwamaziko microfinance. Kungenxa akhuphe mboleko ukuya MFI ifumana esona sixa inzuzo yalo.

Noko ke, lo mthetho ithintela kakhulu eminye imisebenzi enxulumene ngokubonelela ngemali-mboleko. Umzekelo, kukho imingcele kuseko nophuhliso lwezakhono benkampani. Umthetho ngokucacileyo uthintela kutsala imali ngabantu abangengabo wabaseki benkampani (ngaphandle abantu ukubonelela indlela zombutho ngokwesiseko sivumelwano semali-mboleko ukuze le mali ka-1.5 million engange, okanye isivumelwano semali-mboleko ngaphezu kwesinye kunye mfani-nye [1]). Oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, amaziko microfinance, ngokungafaniyo iibhanki, awavumelekanga ukuba umtsalane iidipozithi.

Enye sithintelo akukho ngaphantsi kubi ukuvalwa umsebenzi yobungcali kwi kwimarike izibambiso. Ngenxa yoko, imibutho microfinance awukwazi ukuyisebenzisa waboleka kwaye eyakhe imali zotyalo yobungcali ezitokisini, bonds, njl

Ngamanye amazwi, umsebenzi MFI Kukuqonda credits-sikhokelo yoMgaqo-mali lokuhlawulwa wabaseki kunye ababolekisi eyinkunzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imibutho microfinance azinako ukuba isixa esikhulu kangaka ebolekisayo neebhanki.

Umgaqo ukusebenza kwamaziko microfinance imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: MFIs idini imali encinane nje ixesha elifutshane ngeqondo eliphezulu kakhulu umdla.

Ngokoluvo lwam, microfinance - uhlobo mihla kuboleka ngokomthetho. Ngoko ke, amazinga eboleka kuba phakathi 9-10% ngenyanga nganye ukuya kwi-4% ngeveki (100-200% ngamnye ngonyaka). Thelekisa kwi-mboleko Savings Bank imali engange 50,000. okwethuba lonyaka omnye ngaphandle yesondlo iya kuxabisa malunga 16.5% ngonyaka ngamnye. In "UralSib" mboleko ebhankini ukuze iimeko ezifanayo ziya kuvuka malunga nama-23% [2]

Ibiya kuthetha ukuba akukho arhente kwande yezoqoqosho akavumelani ukuba iimeko kwintlekele enjalo ngetyala. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwenzela ukuba bafumane imali-mboleko ebhankini kuyimfuneko ukunika iphakheji amaxwebhu kwaye enze uvavanyo kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iibhanki ukongezelela yokundwendwela kufuneka angenise ingxelo yengeniso kunye namanye amaxwebhu. iinkonzo zebhanki ezifanelekileyo ahlalutye ukunyaniseka kwamaxwebhu, imbali samatyala onetyala, ukuvavanya imingcipheko credit default. Kwaye asinguye wonke ubani ofuna ukufumana imali-mboleko olu qwalaselo udlula (umntu zaneleyo ubukhulu imivuzo esemthethweni, umntu akazange ukungenisa amaxwebhu ayimfuneko, ezinye iingxaki ngembali ngetyala, njalo njalo). Nabani na akaphumeleli ibhanki test, ufuna mveliso ukuba akhuphe mboleko iimeko abanyanisekileyo ngakumbi. Le client lidla ngokubhekisela kwisibonelelo microfinance.

amaziko microfinance musa ukwenza iimfuno kakhulu ukuba kubaboleki. Umzekelo, imibutho emininzi kunikezelo mboleko ifuna kuphela yokundwendwela uthabathe isigqibo sokunikela mboleko kwisithuba nje iiyure ezimbalwa. Ukongeza, kukho iinkampani ukuze ufumane micro-mboleko ukuba asithanga senze kufuneka atyelele ofisi - izicelo mboleko, kwaye izigqibo abuyiselwe zenziwa ngqo ekhaya.

Njengoko sibona, MFIs usebenza kwicandelo nge basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuba emiselweyo. Ukuze kubuyekezelwe imingcipheko nokuqinisekisa inzuzo, amaziko microfinance wasimisela ephezulu kwenzala. Ingqiqo apha ilula: ukuba clients ezimbini (zintathu, zine, njl, ngokuxhomekeke imeko microloans ingxenye emarikeni) ubuncinane omnye ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo ityala kunye nenzala, iikhomishini, inzala engagqibekanga kunye nezohlwayo, inkampani iza kubonelela ingeniso abanini . Nangona kunjalo, izinga lenzala kwi microloans Lwazisa umonakalo ngokwenene.

Ngaphezu koko, lo womnatha Ungafumana okuninzi ingxelo engentle kwi MFI ezisebenza kweli lizwe. Ngokukodwa, abaxhasi ukhalaze malunga ubukrwada kunye nabaphathi uxwebhu iindlela emgceni. iingqokelela kwamatyala evela kubaboleki, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo schemes non-neziselubala umdla, lokuhlawula ityala njalo njalo.

Kucacile ukuba mikrofinansiroanie njengoko (-mboleko ezincinane yekota elifutshane ngamazinga aphezulu inzala) ezinjalo, kukho kwilizwe lethu ngomhla wokuqala. Noko ke, kuphela ukwamkelwa uMthetho "On imibutho microfinance kunye microfinance" amaziko microfinance waqalisa ukuya kuvela izithunzi ukuya umsebenzi ngokusemthethweni. Noko ke, abaninzi iindlela zokusebenza (kubandakanywa mthetho) bahlala kwindawo yokugcina amaziko microfinance. Kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ingxaki yokukhula kunye nophuhliso MFIs njengeziko esemthethweni lwezemali olunempumelelo kwezoqoqosho Russian.

Njengoko ibhizinisi, umsebenzi microfinance isagquba. Ephezulu amazinga enzala kwenza microfinance ishishini eliphumelelayo kakhulu, nangona zonke iingozi ezinxulumene nayo. Kungenjalo besingayi sibone ukwanda ngamandla olunjalo inani lamaziko microfinance, leyo ilandelwe ngeliso lenyama.

Izingqiniso:

1. Federal Law of ngoJulayi 2, 2010 N 151-FZ "On amaziko microfinance kunye microfinance.