History of the imixokelelwane eSoviet Union kunye nendima yawo kuphuhliso loqoqosho

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala imixokelelwane USSR zaye zakhutshwa ngo-1922. Urhulumente waseSoviet kwafuneka ukuba bafune imali ukuze kubuyiselwe lwamashisini kunye nezolimo, wabatshabalalisa ngeMfazwe Yehlabathi I kunye War Civil. abatyali amazwe Musa ukungxama ukutyala, yaye iibhanki ngamazwe ukuba uboleke. uqoqosho lwelizwe ludilikile. Ngokungxamisekileyo ndandiswele imali. Kuphela umntu owayeza kubanika - aba bantu.

Ziziphi iindidi neentambo zikhona

Bonds USSR mboleko karhulumente iyafumaneka iintlobo ezimbini: njengepesenti kwaye win-win. Kwi emehlweni kuqala ukuba ahlawule inzala ka-3-4% ngonyaka, i irallie yesibini yonyaka ibanjwa. Iqhina kule meko yaba into efana itikiti leloto. Iintlawulo zenziwa kuphela ukhuseleko, inani owashiya ukuba ube mnye esiphumelelayo.

etyala karhulumente ixesha lokuhlawula ityala ngokupheleleyo abemi engama-20. Kakade ke, akukho namnye babekholelwa ukuba urhulumente ubuncinane into kubo, nika, kunye ukwehla elandelayo kunye nokuvavanywa ngokutsha kujongela ngakumbi nentembelo koko ziya kuhlawulwa ubuncinane imali. Akukho namnye wathabatha imixokelelwane USSR njengoko isixhobo mali ekufumaneni kunye nolondolozo eyinkunzi.

Ngubani umthengi main

iibhondi Ukuthenga elo yokubana, kodwa njengento wokuzithandela ngokusemthethweni. Owokuqala kunyanzeleka ukuba bathenge kwiibhondi zikarhulumente waseUSSR, baba amancinci naphakathi ngoosomashishini (nepmen), abanini ezinkulu (iifama nemibutho babengekazibhekisi elirhangqiweyo), abasebenzi kwi mveliso. Eyokuqala i izibambiso ekhutshwe phantsi iimveliso zezolimo kunye nemveliso kwemveliso yoshishino. Emva kokuba ukubuyiselwa iibhondi inkqubo zemali wathengisa imali.

Paper uthenge ngenxa yokuba mandatory (abaninzi abazange nokubuza, ngokuzenzekelayo uya kutsala imali evela uwutye). Waqonda nje omnye irhafu irhafu. Ngoko ke, ngokuba non-intlawulo Iimbophelelo ze-USSR kwi Russian Federation kukho cishe akukho mthetho icala. Elikhethekileyo kwimbali Russia ulingo kwenzeka ngo-2006 kwi-bonds ezikhutshwe ngo-1982. Esi sivakalisi sisisiwa ezantsi egameni likarhulumente, yaye oko kuyaqondakala. Russia akanako ukuhlawula onke amatyala esele kwenziwe yiSoviet Union, kubo bonke abanini izibambiso.

ngqi mhlobo

States okwetyeli kule sixhobo akwenzeki njalo, njengoko abathile bathi. Yaba kakhulu ngomlinganiselo ngenkani, kunokuba umnqweno yokuphangwa kwakhona labemi. Ngoko ke akukho nto ayimangalisi kwinto yokuba ekuqaleni kumhla wokukhutshwa i ungqamane zihlandlo ezibuhlungu kwimbali yelizwe lethu. Bonds USSR mboleko yakhululwa kule minyaka ilandelayo:

• iminyaka 1922-27. - emva yeHlabathi yokuQala kunye War Civil. yatshatyalaliswa phantse ngokupheleleyo uqoqosho sele buthathaka. nokubuyiselwa kwalo nophuhliso ndandiswele imali.
• iminyaka 1927-41. - yanda mveliso. Eli lizwe wakha iinkampani ngaphezu kwama 1,000 ngonyaka ngamnye. USSR iba kumazwe ahambele phambili. Iinzuzo evela kwintengiso bond nabo baye ukuthenga oomatshini kunye patents.
• Ukususela ngowe-1942 ukuya 1946. - ngexesha lesigaba esebenzayo yemfazwe. Ukuphuhlisa nokubethelela impumelelo kufuneka nezixhobo kakhulu zomkhosi neembumbulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Bonds ithengelwe njengoko "namaqebengwana ashushu". Ukuze lizuze kwabantu ngamaNazi bayisindisile imali okanye namandla. Ngo-1942, isixa imali bathengisa ligqithe kuphela kwiintsuku zokuqala 2 wokukhutshwa billion 10 engange.
• iminyaka 1946-57. - emva kwemfazwe kwabakho imfuneko engxamisekileyo imali. Isiqingatha sabemi lizwe zisala zonakele. mali ngokutsha Kufuneka.
• iminyaka 1957-89. - bond kusetyenziswa izixhobo abekwe. abemi Capital zisetyenziswa ekubunjweni-mali karhulumente.

Kukho amaxesha xa urhulumente ndandise isithutyana nje kwiminyaka embalwa. Securities lixabiso phezulu kwayo. Nangona amanyathelo ezinjalo, ukuphazamiseka icebo. Bonke wayesazi ukuba le mali iya okulungileyo kuluntu, kwaye izinze kwi-akhawunti zaseburhulumenteni kwiibhanki amazwe.

Apho baba ngemali

Imali evela kwintengiso waya nokuvuselelwa kunye nophuhliso lizwe, ukuphucula ubomi abemi abaqhelekileyo Soviet. Wakha inkampani - kwakukho imisebenzi emitsha. Bokwenziwa impahla yabathengi. Ukukhulisa uqoqosho eSoviet. Abantu zahlawulwa, ntle kakhulu.

isiphelo

Malunga kakuhle kangakanani okanye zingaqondwa wafumana urhulumente zokungahlawuli ngokupheleleyo amatyala alo kubemi, leyo "vtyuhivat" imixokelelwane junk, umba kusenjalo impikiswano. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba kuphosakele. Abanye - ukuba akukho nto, nabo bonke abanini zonke izibambiso lafumana imali ngokupheleleyo. Nangona abazibonelayo bathi ongafaniyo ngaloo maxesha. Kodwa kwakungenakwenzeka ngaphandle koncedo lwemali abantu abaqhelekileyo kwakuza kufuneka libe semagqabini kwezoshishino, ukuqinisekisa uloyiso kwesesibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi kunye esalandelayo kweli lizwe. Le imali efunyenwe kwintengiso neentambo kwi-USSR, wakha izindlu, izibhedlele, iziporo, mveliso.

Njengokuba kude nezenzo likarhulumente kubekho ukugwetyelwa, ngumgwebi ngokwakho. Kodwa naluphi na uqikelelo okanye ezinikezelwa owayephila, utshintsho kwixesha elidlulileyo awunanto ukuba.