Gyustav Eyfel: engobomi, iifoto. Bridges nguGustave Eiffel

Le ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX kufanele ngokupheleleyo wafumana iwonga ixesha segolide kwimbali zobunjineli. It unetyala a abayili ezinkulu izakhiwo bamele namabali imbali. Alexander Gyustav Eyfel abemi elula eyaziwa ngokuba umdali kwenqaba odumileyo e-Paris. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba babephila esisityebi kunene ubomi wadala izakhiwo ezininzi ezibalaseleyo kakhulu. Makhe sifunde okungakumbi ngale iinjineli mkhulu kunye nabayili.

Childhood and Education

Gyustav Eyfel wazalwa ngo-1832 e-Dijon, apho ibekwe eBurgundy. Uyise ukukhula ngempumelelo kakhulu iidiliya ezitiyeni wezo zinto. Kodwa Gustave akazange afune ukunikela ubomi babo kwezolimo kunye noqeqesho post-kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo basekuhlaleni wangena Paris Ecole Polytechnique. Emva kokufunda apho iminyaka emithathu, ukuba umyili elizayo waya Central School of Arts and Crafts. Ngowe-1855, Gyustav Eyfel waphumelela.

umsebenzi Early

Ngelo xesha, zobuNjineli ingqalelo kwizifundo imbalo, ngoko umyili oselula wathabatha umsebenzi kwinkampani oke kuphuhliso kunye nokwakhiwa kwo. Ngowe-1858, Gyustav Eyfel eyenzelwe ibhulorho yakhe yokuqala. Le projekthi ayikwazanga ngokuba ezithile, njengabanye yomsebenzi wakhe yokuluka. Ukuze amathambo uwafumbele amagunya namandla, umntu wanikela kubo emazantsi injalo ngokusebenzisa kumatshini hydraulic. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ndlela isetyenziswa kunqabile, ukuba zezona zifuna ukongezelwa uqeqesho olubanzi zobugcisa.

Ukuze ukubeka ngokuchanileyo ziimfumba kubunzulu-25 eemitha, Eiffel kwafuneka ukuba bayile isixhobo okhethekileyo. Xa yakhiwa ngempumelelo ibhulorho, Gustave yathatyathwa wenjineli ibhulorho lomakhi. Kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini ezayo, uye yenzelwe izakhiwo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye ezikhumbuzo yokwakha, eziquka ibhulorho Bir Akeym, Pont Alexandre III, i-Eiffel Tower and more.

An umbono ezizodwa

Xa umsebenzi wayo, i Eifel sazama ukuza into ezintsha owawungayi ekunciphiseni kuphela ngengxaki abayili nakubakhi, kodwa benza igalelo luncedo shishino. Ukudala ibhulorho yakhe yokuqala, Gyustav Eyfel bagqiba ekubeni bayeke ulwakhiwo banikwe inkxaso enkulu. Huge arch steel ibhulorho sakhiwa kwangaphambili elunxwemeni. Ke, ukuba imiswe endaweni, ukuba umyili kwakufuneka omnye kuphela cable sentsimbi Wasolula phakathi kweendonga zombini lomlambo. waqala Le ndlela iza kusetyenziswa wonke, kodwa ke eyi-50 kuphela emva kokuba kusungulwe Eifel.

Bridge phezu Tyuyer

Iibhulorho ziye wema nguGustave Eiffel, kodwa phakathi kwabo apho baza benza iiprojekthi crazy. Ezi ziquka viaduct eyakhiwa Tyuyer emlanjeni. Ukuntsonkotha projekthi walala yokuba kwafuneka eme phezu kwisiza yentaba gorge iimitha 165 nzulu. De Eiffel isindululo ukwakha le viaduct wafumana iinjineli ezimbalwa ngaphezulu, kodwa abavumanga. Wenyusa yokugubungela omkhulu gorge arch inkxaso apho uya kukhonza iipayiloni ezimbini eziphathekayo.

INqaba yayiba weziqingatha emibini zifakwa omnye komnye kunye nokuchaneka eshumini ze ndlela. Ibhulorho waba Eifel isikolo ebalaseleyo. Wazuza amava angathethekiyo kwaye uzimisele ubomi babo, ukuze kukhokelwe ngobuchule.

Kunye neqela lweenjineli Gustave liphuhlise indlela ekhethekileyo evumela ukubala isakhiwo sisinyithi phantse naluphi uqwalaselo. Yakha ibhulorho enqumla Tyuyer, iqhawe webali yethu waba uyilo mboniso kwimizi eParis, obeluza kuqhutywa ngo-1878.

"Hall of Imishini"

Kunye injineli odumileyo French de Dion Eiffel wayila isakhiwo esihle, leyo ibizwa ngokuba 'kwiHolo ngoomatshini. " ubude yoyilo waba 420, ububanzi - 115, kwaye ukuphakama - iimitha 45. ifreyim Building akhiwa ngesinyithi form openwork, abagcina iglasi iquka uqwalaselo umdla neyophahla.

Xa iinkokheli le nkampani, nto leyo lokuyivelisa iprojekthi Eiffel ebomini, Uqhelene ingcinga yakhe, babekujonga njengento ayinakwenzeka. Into yokuqala ukuba nothuke kubo, - inyaniso yokuba akazange kubakho ngaloo mihla izakhiwo yale ubukhulu. Noko ke, le "Hall of koomatshini" yakhiwa kunjalo, nto leyo umyili ebhegini imbasa ye Molteno Gold isicombululo amahle. Ngelishwa, wena andiyi ungabona ifoto wokwakha umdla, ukususela ngo-1910 oko wachithwa.

Uyilo "igumbi umatshini" wathembela ngokupheleleyo kwi-pad eziphathekayo mncinane kakhulu. Le ndlela kwanceda ukuphepha deformations ukuba ekugqibeleni kwenzeka ngenxa ukubana osezantsi. Indlela krele ukuba umyili omkhulu isetyenziswe kwiiprojekthi zabo kwakhona kwaye kwakhona.

Inqaba, kuba leyo

Ngowe-1898, zokulindela lo Mboniso elandelayo Paris, Gyustav Eyfel wakha ukuphakama inyango iimitha ezingama-300. Ngokwengcinga injineli, nabo bungenjengezolo ukuba abe ezibalaseleyo bobugcisa kwidolophu mboniso. Ngelo xesha, nkqu umyili ndandingenakho nokulicingela le nqaba uya kuba yintoni enye iisimboli eziphambili eParis nokuzukisa ibhulorho umakhi eminyaka emva kokufa kwakhe. Ngokwenza esi uyilo, i-Eifel kwakhona isicelo italente yakhe waza wenza lokuvula ngaphezu kwesinye. Ende iqulathe amalungu zesinyithi ezicekethekileyo, leyo ziqhotyoshelwe kwenye nenye rivet. silhouette bukhanye kwenqaba njengoko lundanda phezu kwesi sixeko.

Kunzima ukucinga, kodwa ngoku ibe ezinomtsalane eziphambili izindawo ukuba. Ekuqaleni kuka-1888, inyanga emva kokuqalisa umsebenzi wokwakha kwi ukwakha, ukuya usihlalo igama wekomiti yombhiyozo kaThixo yoqhankqalazo ebhaliweyo. Yaba iqela kwamagcisa kunye nababhali. Baye bacelwa ukuba bayeke ukwakhiwa kwenqaba, njengoko kusenokuba ezonakalisa mhlaba aziqhelileyo kwikomkhulu French.

Kwaye ngoko ke wezakhiwo odumileyo T. Alphand Okumangalisa- bacebisa ukuba iprojekthi Eiffel inethuba elikhulu kwaye abe umzobo ephambili hayi kuphela mboniso, kodwa nomtsalane engundoqo ka Paris. Ngoko ke kwenzeka iminyaka ngaphantsi kwe ezimbini emva kokwakhiwa isixeko onobungangamsha wazihlanganisa kunye umyili projekthi, owazeka siziqhelisa ndicinga ivamile kwaye ukuboyika izigqibo ngqindilili. Uzenza injineli ebizwa indalo yakhe "nenqaba imitha-300", kodwa uluntu yanikezelwa kuye njengelungelo ukwenza imbali kwiinginginya, ebizwa nenqaba igama layo.

Umfanekiso of Liberty

Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa Gyustav Eyfel, namhlanje engobomi bakhe esinalo unomdla, ngaphandle kokuba ixesha elide yomfuziselo American - Statue of Liberty.

Yonke le nto yaqala nesibakala sokuba umhlanganisi French ngexesha ukwakha inqaba yayo badibana kunye nogxa wakhe American - womzobi T. Bartholdi. Kugcine benza ubhaliso egumbini American kwi mboniso. Iziko leMiboniso wawuza kuba oqingqiweyo encinane yobhedu, leyo emele inkululeko.

Emva kokuba lo mboniso, i-French landisa lesikhumbuzo ukuya ukuphakama kuyimitha 93 wamnika Melika yakhe. Noko ke, ekufikeni lesikhumbuzo elizayo kwindawo yofakelo, kwacaca ukuba ufakelo idinga iintsimbi eyomeleleyo. Injineli kuphela eqonda ubalo yoyilo manzi, waba Gyustav Eyfel.

Wakwazi ukudala inkqubo-sikhokelo elungileyo ukuze mfanekiso ixabisa ngaphezu iminyaka elikhulu, yaye umoya onamandla ukusuka olwandle ukuxakeka yakhe. Xa kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, uphawu American yaphila, kwagqitywa ukukhangela izibalo Eiffel ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zekhompyutha mihla. Okumangalisayo kukuba, i-sikhokelo injineli ecetywayo kungqamane kanye kunye imodeli, nolwathi lwaphuhliswa ngumatshini.

laboratory

Emva kokuba impumelelo eningenakukholwa imiboniso emibini hero yethu wagqiba ukuthetha ngokunzulu ukwenza uphando. Kwidolophu Auteuil, yena kuqala wadalwa nto elabhoratri ehlabathini ukufunda ifuthe lomoya ukungawi izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo. Eiffel waba injineli yokuqala ehlabathini, owasebenzisa kwizifundo kwitonela umoya. Iziphumo yomsebenzi wakhe zapapashwa umyili uthotho imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Kule mini ingqalelo uphuhliso encyclopedia kwezobunjineli.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, siza siyazi nantoni na ngaphandle Paris inqaba, odumileyo Gyustav Eyfel. Photo of indalo yakhe dazzle kwaye ucinga malunga ubukhulu yoluntu kunye ezinokwenzeka ezibanzi engqondweni yethu. Kodwa ekuqaleni Eifel yaba umyili nje iibhulorho, ogama iingcamango benzile oogxa ehexisayo. ibali ngokuqinisekileyo eyoyikekayo.