Garden Ring, eMoscow: imbali neefoto

Kukholelwa ukuba kwimbali iMoscow Garden Ring iqala ukususela kwinkulungwane XIX. Emva koko umsele wemba emhlabeni kwidolophu endala, waye bahlohlwa kwaye yachithwa nodonga umhlaba. Kule ndawo waqalisa ukuvela ekhaya ezineegadi kunye neegadi ngaphambili, uMenzi ezitratweni, apho ibekwe kwisangqa wezinto zakomkhulu.

emzini kwakhiwa

Ngowe-1591 ngokwemiyalelo Boris Godunov baqalisa kukugrumba ngeenxa eMoscow. Kulo nyaka, ukuba kwakufunjwa udonga lokungqinga, kwakhiwe phezu kwalo lwakhiwe udonga oki, avuke malunga kweemitha ezi-5. Kwakukho malunga abangevayo ikhulu uphume 34 yenqaba leyo inde. Ngaphezu koko, ecaleni oluthi kwicala elingaphandle wemba msele, leyo yazaliswa kamva ngamanzi. Imfuno iinqaba enjalo ehlabathini isixeko kwavela emva eMoscow ubunzima behlasela ebuhlungu ngenxa ngamatutu Khan Kazi Giray.

Abahlali Bayibiza sakhiwo Skorodomom, igama elisemthethweni - isixeko zodongwe. beza nje ukuba kuthiwe, kwaye indawo ephakathi White City nomphini kunye River eMoscow. Apha wahlala abarhwebi encinane, amachule kunye nabalimi. Kodwa Zamoskvorechye bantu baninzi yabatoli. Yiloo nto le ndawo kwathiwa Musketeers weSithili.

Kwamaxesha iindonga (1598-1613) oki ezinde yokuqhumisela phantsi, kodwa emhadini lo. Kamva kulo sibeka ezitsolo abaphezulu tsolo ezivuthayo zamafu.

Ubomi yesibini wongqameko

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII, le zokuzifaka apha ezilahlekileyo injongo yayo yokuqala. It eyaguqukayo yaba uhlobo amasiko umda kumgca wesixeko. Ukususela kumacala ahlukeneyo phambi komnyango kwiimalike ezikhulayo eMoscow. Eyona idumileyo yabe ESmolensk kunye Sukharevsky.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII shaft, kwaye nalo ke nqaba, ngokomkhethe wabatshabalalisa, kwaye endaweni yazo akhiwa iindinyana kunye indawo yonke. Ngo-1812, zonke izakhiwo ezibe ngapha nangapha neendonga zaso, batshatyalaliswa ngomlilo.

ukubunjwa

Ngowe-1816 kwagqitywa ekubeni achithe iintsalela wongqameko, kwaye yodonga kunye beneaped umsele dig. Kwi iKomishoni isakhiwo eMoscow kwisiza izicwangciso ekudalweni kwisitalato ebanzi setyhula, kwavula kunye cobblestones. Ngaphantsi indledlana yabahambi waza wathabatha m kuphela 25 Umgama phakathi kwemigca emibini ibekwe izindlu ingeniso ngoko ku-60 m. Xa abaninimzi eseleyo isithuba kwafuneka ukuba ndimaphule Palisades ngokwengqiqo yabo. Ngaloo ndlela waqala ukwakha ring Garden (eMoscow).

Kakade ngo-1830, le projekthi iye yaphunyezwa injalo. Ngaphandle imiyezo ngaphambili kuphela embalwa seziza e Zamoskvorechye, kunye indawo. ESmolensk and Zubovskiy imithi yaba elungisiwe Novinsky - kwindawo ebekelwe kwimisitho, waza ke wahlala de 1877.

ring Garden (Moscow) ngcembe kuphuhliswa. In-imi- 70 ngenkulungwane XIX kwakukho indlela eyenziwe ngayo tram, uhamba kunye traction ihashe. Olu hlobo zothutho ekuthiwa Conca. Ngo-1912 laye indawo yanje ngakumbi. Kuye kwaba tram ngombane. Kwindlela ohambe ngayo, wabizwa ngokusesikweni 'B', yaye abantu babiza ukuba "bug".

Ukuqala lwekhulu XX

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye Garden Ring (Moscow) yayakhiwe phezulu ngokuzimisela. Apho ke kungekudala kwixesha elidlulileyo kwakukho izakhiwo eziphantsi-suka, kwakukho na izakhiwo zolawulo kunye nezorhwebo kodwa zokuhlala eziphakamileyo kuphela.

Njengoko usazi, ekuqaleni kwale nkulungwane, kwaba ungaphezi. Ngowe-1905, ngexesha revolution, kwi izikwere kunye nezitalato ukuba yinxalenye ye-Garden Ring, iye ukulwa enzima. Inxalenye yasentshona shinyi ngokukodwa kwakugcwele ngothango, ezo ezazijoliswe ukukhusela izithili wabasebenzi. Ungquzulwano okuye phakathi amajoni karhulumente kunye ngezigaba revolution kwenzeka kwiindawo Kudrinskaia, iCrimea kunye Zubovskaya.

Emva kokuba October Revolution of 1917 kule izakhiwo zokuhlala esakhiwe ngaphambili ezo zazohluthiwe abanikazi bawo, unika abasebenzi. Ukongeza, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezitsha zoluntu kunye nendawo zokuhlala, kunye ESmolensk kunye Sukharevsky kwiimarike kungekudala ivaliwe.

olunye utshintshwano

Kwiminyaka engama-30 saqalisa ukuba ziphumeze isicwangciso ngokutsha kwikomkhulu, ngexesha apho ivaliwe kunye Garden Ring. EMoscow kunye ukubonakala kwayo ngokuthe zatshintsha. indlela wophawu yayigcwele asphalt. Sandisa kakhulu indlela ngokuthi Bambilizwe imiyezo ngaphambili kunye tram kanobom kuloo mgaqo "B", baye indawo trolleybuses ezintsha. Sekunjalo, nirhwebe ngokupheleleyo wahlelwa kuphela ngo-1963. Phesheya koMlambo eMoscow wakha kwo ezimbini: Krasnokholmsky kunye eCrimea.

Xa kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, i-Garden Ring kwiindawo yaye ngakumbi izakhiwo zokuzikhusela. Kwaye phakathi kwehlobo-1944, emva kokoyiswa nomkhosi ngayo amajoni amaNazi e Belarus, kuba waye intsebenziswano enkulu othathwe ngexesha iimfazwe zemfazwe.

Emva kwemfazwe, i ngokutsha nenxa ikomkhulu okuqhubekayo. Inani lamaziko ezinjalo, ukuze siguqulwe, yaye umsesane Garden. EMoscow, apho ifoto basinda kwezo maxesha, baqala ukutshintsha jonga mihla. Ukususela ngo-1948 yaye kule minyaka-6 ezizayo kummandla we-Garden Ring yakhiwa ezintathu ezisixhenxe odumileyo Stalin egcwele iphepha.

Kule 50 kwavula Ring komhlaba line, nto leyo emazantsi isikhululo "Park Kultury" kwaye i "Kursk 'ligqithise ngaphantsi kwalo. Kule minyaka ilishumi ezayo, saqhubeka kutsha Garden Ring. Ezinye izitrato yayo nangakumbi kwandiswa kwaye yaba iindlela zale mihla kunye uphuma, flyovers, iziphambuka namatonela. Ngeminyaka yee-90 kuwo lakuphelisa sicatshulwa iilori enzima.

inani

Le yenye yezinto ezidibanayo yendlela ezibalulekileyo umzi. Ubude ring Garden eMoscow -. Circular umgca zothutho ujikeleze ngundoqo eyinkunzi yi 15.6 km yaye ububanzi 60-70 m, nguye obusezintongeni ezo mizila yemoto ekhoyo ezintathu, kwaye ngaphandle omdala. ring Garden yohlukile ukuxinana kakhulu, ngoko basoloko kukho kwiikhilomitha ezininzi kwakhiwa ityhubhu. Noko ke, nangona oku, kusesemini ifanelwe ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yayo.

indawo

Ukwakhiwa kwe-Garden Ring siquka 18 izikwere: Triumph, Gravity, Small kunye Big Sukharevskaya, Lermontov, Red Gate, Ground Shaft, uKesare Kunikova, kwisikhululo sikaloliwe Kursk, Taganskaya Paveletskaya, Serpukhov, ukulungela ukusebenza, iCrimea, Zubovskaya, Smolenskaya-Hay, ESmolensk ne Kudrinskaya . Ezinye zinkulu, ezinye kangako yaye kancinane kwaziwa ukuba Muscovites.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ibali Garden Ring iqala Triumfalnaya Square. Kwaye oku akukho ngozi. Xa ephakathi mikhosi emasangweni eMoscow waba yanamhlanje Triumph Square, ezafumana eli gama ngowe-1992. Ngaphambili, axelwe emva V. Mayakovskogo.

Okokuqala, kule ndawo, yaseTver esangweni, kwabakho yokuhlala yayisisixeko kakhulu zodongwe. Ngenkulungwane XVII le ndawo yaba emarikeni, waza ke wabonakala kuqala Inqaba yamandulo, sakhiwe ngaphandle ngomthi. Ngokuthe ngcembe, le ndawo lakhiwa kunye nezindlu, kwaye apho kukho ngoku umyezo "Aquarium", ngaphambili kwakukho ichibi kunye neegadi lilungu Novodevichy Monastery.

Ifom yakutshanje isikwere yaba 30, xa isikwere wagawulwa, kwaye ndawo ligutyungelwe asphalt. Kanye apha, into oqingqiweyo V. V. Mayakovskomu, iye yaba indawo ethandwa kwiintlobo ufundo umbongo.

Kakhulu 'ongabonakaliyo' yaye zithatyathwa ummandla iCrimea Caesar Kunikova. Eyesibini ithiywe emva iqhawe eSoviet Union, bathatha inxaxheba yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Kule ndawo akukho indlu eyodwa, ekubeni bonke umalunga ezitratweni ezingqongileyo. Malunga Kunikova efanayo ukhumbula uqweqwe kuphela.

izitrato

Ukongeza iindawo Garden Ring yaye ziquka izitalato ezininzi. Lide kubo - Ground Shaft. ubude bayo -. 2000 m Ngowe-1938, kwathiwa igama Chkalovsk, njengoko kanye wahlala khona pilot eSoviet edumileyo VP Chkalov. Igama yamandulo isitrato babuya kuphela ngo-1990. Ukongeza, inxulunyaniswa amagama abaninzi abadumileyo abantu ababephila esebenza apha ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, umbhali S. Ya. Marshak, moya VM Petlyakov, Academician A. D. Saharov, opeyintayo K. F. Yuon, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Kanye Square, izitrato iGarden Ring (Moscow) abe imbali yabo. Akumangalisi oku, ekubeni ikomkhulu unembali ende. Sadovaya-Karetnaya ingqalelo eyona imfutshane, ngenxa yokuba ezinye ubude baso 406 kuphela m. Kubonakele ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX. igama layo kabini ezinxulumene imiyezo kanye ikhula apha kunye isitrato ekufuphi, ekuthiwa series wheel-ezine. Phantse zonke izindlu nezakhiwo ezindala ngebom kwi 70s zenkulungwane lokugqibela.

apho ukuhlala

Phantse wonke excursion kwi elikomkhulu, okanye ngenye indlela kuchaphazela ring Garden. Yaye nantsi into ukuze ubone. Hi ndlela leyi, iinkonzo ezinikezelwa kubakhenkethi hotele 'Garden Ring "(eMoscow). isakhiwo sayo sise ekudibaneni kwe igama enye kumgca zothutho kunye Prospekt Mira, kuloo ndawo edolophu. Hayi kude kuyo unguye Red Square, izakhiwo zemidlalo "Olimpiki", i-Botanical Garden ne Institute. N. V. Sklifosovskogo. "Garden Ring" - ihotele (Moscow), nto leyo ilungele zombini abakhenkethi kunye nabantu zoshishino.