Fat Brown abantu: inkcazo imisebenzi neempawu

Yintoni fat emdaka? Zeziphi imisebenzi lenza? Ngale mibuzo neminye siza kuphendula kweli nqaku. Emzimbeni womntu kukho iintlobo ezimbini kwezinto ngamanqatha: nemnyama (Bat - ngenxa ngokutshiswa amanqatha inikeza thermogenesis kwaye kudala ubushushu) kunye ezimhlophe (i Wat - eyenzelwe ukugcina amandla). Abantu abatyebe kakhulu badla amafutha brown ingaphantsi, kwaye amhlophe - ngakumbi.

umsebenzi

fat Brown kuvumela umzimba ukugcina ubushushu rhoqo. Le ndlela kuthiwa thermogenesis. Kukho iindidi ezimbini thermogenesis: i contractile (kukungcangcazela), apho isizukulwana ubushushu kungenxa ekunciphiseni zihlunu skeletal (ngumkhuba ethile - abandayo nongcangcazelo kwezihlunu), kwaye ndandingcangcazela (umsebenzi kwamafutha brown).

Ukuze ngempumelelo silwe ezinye izigulo lobushushu emzimbeni womntu ukunyuka kuphela. Ukuba umntu uziva ifiva, yena ngokukhawuleza Sikwahlengahlengise inkqubo thermoregulatory luvuliwe kwaye uqalisa ukusebenza kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto ubushushu bomzimba akuyomfuneko ukuba phantsi degrees 38.5.

nokwakheka

Okokuqala onke amanqatha omdaka lifumaneka kwizilwanyana. Abo izilwanyana kweyela engentle ebusika, kwavela le nto kakuhle, njengoko kweli thuba nethe lingancipha. Ngenxa yoku izakungenzeki uku ukulondoloza ubushushu bomzimba kwamathumbu kwezihlunu.

Enye into ebalulekileyo ngamanqatha brown nokuvuka izilwanyana spring: yonke eyenziwe ubushushu ubushushu umzimba linyuke kakhulu, ngenxa apho isilwanyana uyavuka.

abanikazi

Lidla kutshanje oko kwazeka ukuba amafutha emdaka ifumaneka kuphela ebantwaneni. Oku kubanceda ukuba wasebenzisa engqongileyo entsha emva kokuzalwa. Kwiintsana le nto ibekwe kule ndawo kwizintso, emqaleni ecaleni komhlana, amagxa, yaye malunga ne-5% of ubunzima bomzimba.

Kwakhona emzimbeni ngamanye amaxesha iintsana amanqatha emdaka ixubene emhlophe. Kuba kids into emdaka kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko ukhusela kubo emzimbeni, ngenxa apho iintsana ngaphambi kwexesha basweleka. Ngenxa eli candelo lwe kuzalwa kangako ebandayo ngaphezu kubantu abadala.

Iiseli brown amanqatha has a unique - kukho inani enkulu mitochondria (organelles ezinegalelo ukugcinwa energy). Enkosi kubo, bathi, eneneni, imibala yawo. Mitochondria ziqulathe UCP1 ngqo protein, leyo, ngokudlulisela silungelelanise ATP amagama nangoko kuguqula fatty kwilanga.

Triglycerides (lipids) abafumaneka ekwakhiweni ezityebileyo imifanekiso nga kuveliswa kuzo ubushushu (ATP). Xa umntwana azidingayo amandla amaninzi (umzekelo, ukuba ifudumale), amafutha baye lipolysis. Ngenxa yoko, kukho asidi olunamafutha UCP1 xa iiseli ezityebileyo brown siguqule bushushu. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhla amafutha emzimbeni. Okokuqala wachitha triglycerides ngoqobo emdaka, yaye xa lipid oovimba ziyaqala ziyanyibilika; emhlophe ezithiyekileyo.

Ngenxa yoko, umzimba kunciphisa ubunzima wayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye kosana, ukuzalwa, adle kakuhle (ukwenza lipolysis kufuneka amandla) kwaye uphefumle ngokuqhelekileyo (zokutshintsha fatty zifuna oksijini).

Ngelishwa, abadala, lo matshini ngcembe buthathaka. Emva ezimbalwa kweeveki emva kokuzalwa ndiba (on emzimbeni reaction) ithatha indawo sisenzo into emdaka, ingakumbi xa abantwana banxibe ngokufudumeleyo kwaye uwagcine kwigumbi eshushu.

abantu abadala

Namhlanje, ziphuma ukuba amafutha limnyama abadala iyafumaneka. Ukuze ixesha elide kwakucingwa ukuba le nto ilahlekelwa lixabiso layo xa ekupheleni kunyaka wabo wokuqala bezelwe. Noko ke, ngo-2008, iingcali sele uqinisekile ukuba omdaka izihlunu adipose ukuba uhlala nje kuphela umzimba abadala (Kwazeka oko ngo-1908), kodwa luvuliwe ngumkhenkce.

Le lokufumanisa yenziwe iteknoloji umfanekiso ukutya esebenzayo entsha kwizihlunu. Sisebenzise i ezikhupha-ayinakubalwa Itomography, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba umzimba umntu omdala malunga 20-30 grams (kancinci) kukutyeba omdaka esebenzayo, ingakumbi kummandla supraclavicular.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba PET-CT ibhaqa umsebenzi metabolic kwithishyu. Komzimba uWouter van Dwaalboom Lihtenbelt ingxelo ukuba iqela labantu abatsha (24) banikwa idosi ngqo glucose eqhumayo. Oku kwenziwa ukuze abe nako ukubona amanqatha esebenzayo ngakumbi brown yi isixhobo esithile.

Emva koko, abathathi-nxaxheba kuphononongo ziye zakhokelela kwigumbi apho lobushushu zange ngaphezulu degrees 16. CT scan wabonisa ukuba phantsi eluswini esifubeni, intamo kunye isisu amanqatha 23 abantu 'luncedo' ilaphu osebenza, esotha abantu kwigumbi ebandayo.

Womuntu, wathi iingcali bamangaliswa ukubona ukuba abantu kangaka abaninzi kangaka. Xa bayaxilongwa lobushushu igumbi nxaxheba ezintathu, abakufumana into emdaka. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba laphu nto shwaka, kodwa wayeka nje umsebenzi wayo.

ukusebenza

Ngoko uyazi apho umntu utyebile omdaka. Asinto ngaphezulu kwe 1-2% kobunzima bomzimba. Kodwa, xa inkqubo onovelwano nervous ivuselela esikule ezanyisayo supercooled baqhele ukuba yengqele, oku kwandisa imveliso yawo ubushushu. I-eneji eyakhiwe ndlela siqhubekele phambili isinye kwisithathu ubushushu wadala emzimbeni. Xa fat omdaka luvuliwe, echitha ukuya watts 300 (lwefowuni 400 Watts) ngekhilogram ngamnye ngomntu omdala.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umntu umyinge ubunzima xa esele yombhalo malunga 1 kW ngamandla. Isebenze amanqatha omdaka, unako ulale ebhedini kwaye bachithe amandla amaxesha amabini ngaphezu ngaphambili.

elivuthayo fat

Ntoni amanqatha emdaka? Kuyanceda ukuphelisa ngamanqatha. Ukuba yenziwe yasebenza, fatty ukusuka adipose inyama ezimhlophe idluliselwa brown. Le okumhlophe lifakwa leli philisi nasemadlaleni ngamalungu angaphakathi, phantsi kwesikhumba. Brown, endaweni ugcino lwamandla, ulitshisileyo kukuninzi. Ngenxa yoko, uyakhululwa bubushushu. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba thermogenesis, eqala umsebenzi wayo ngenxa ukutya ngokugqithiseleyo.

iziphumo

fat omhlophe nomdaka - bona zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Oxidative umthamo into emdaka ngokuphindwe 20 obungaphezu omhlophe. Ijwabu thermogenesis elimdaka izenzo Thermogenin protein leyo ekhuthaza internal uncoupling kunye phosphorylation oxidative.

Ngoko ke, siye safumanisa ukuba kwale emdaka. Indlela ukwandisa isixa emzimbeni womntu ukulwa ekutyebeni ngempumelelo? Ukusombulula le ngxaki, abaphandi wasebenzisa iziyobisi kuphela, kodwa kwakhona ithetha zotyando: ukusebenzisa liposuction eziqhelekileyo amanqatha emhlophe isicatshulwa, ukuthumela yona ibe mdaka, yaye okufaka ndoda kwakhona.

Enyanisweni, ukuze ukunciphisa umzimba, kufuneka noba ukwandisa umsebenzi ukwimo brown kwiqondo lobushushu oqhelekileyo, okanye ukwandisa inani layo, okanye enze zombini yokuqala neyesibini.

Diabetes Specialists Association of the United States bakholelwa ukuba amanqatha emdaka iqulethe amalungiselelo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba izigulane kunye seswekile kunye nokutyeba. Kwakhona kwaziwa ukuba umsebenzi yezityebileyo epheleleyo brown zabantu abathintela, kunye nemali yayo lifinyele. Ngenxa yoko, kwixa elizayo kunokwenzeka ukuvela ichiza elitsha kunye nezinye iindlela nokwanda ubulunga 'luncedo' izinto abadala.