Faka bulumko - yintoni na le nto? Movement kunye nophuhliso bulumko

Enye iindidi zindala bulumko ngumbandela. Ingqiqo ekuqaleni ethile kakhulu, ngoko Kwathi, zandiswa, yaye ekugqibeleni yaba inkcazo yokuba yinyani, nto leyo sikwazi ukuva.

Eyona nto generic kwinkcazelo yale didi efanayo ekubeni ihlabathi njengoko luqondwa-bulumko. Motion, indawo, ixesha, ezi mpawu zalo. Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha enye ndidi zibalulekileyo bulumko. Imalunga intshukumo. Sinokuthi ukuba eli gama lugubungela zonke iinkqubo kwindalo kunye noluntu.

Ingcamango intshukumo ifilosofi

Sinokuthi kolu didi lichaza indlela zempilo mba. Enyanisweni, xa intshukumo ngokubanzi kakhulu-bulumko - kukho naluphi na utshintsho intsebenziswano izinto eziphathekayo, utshintsho ukusuka kwimo enye ukuya kwenye. Ichaza ukwahluka ehlabathini. Ngaphandle kwalo, kunzima ukucinga ndingokhoyo. Emva kokuba yonke khona - oku kuthetha ukuhamba. Nayiphi na enye into phantse ukunikeza. Kunzima ukubona; kuba akukho nto ukusebenzisana kunye naziphi na izinto okanye isenesazela yethu.

Umba kunye isiphakamiso-bulumko ezihambelanayo kakhulu. Abakwazi khona namnye ngaphandle komnye. Ngoko ke, lo sindululo uthathwa ingcamango yentanda ngokupheleleyo. Bathi ke abaseleyo, ngokuchasene noko, isihlobo. Kutheni? Inyaniso kukuba yawona bayavumelana kwinkcazelo uxolo njengenye yeendidi motion. kubonisa kakuhle ukuba izazi. Ukuba abanye umzimba, umzekelo, Liphumle Emhlabeni, yenza xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiplanethi neenkwenkwezi.

Aporia - nokuba kukho utshintsho kunye neenkqubo?

Nkqu kwihlabathi lamandulo watsalela ingqalelo nakwiimpikiswano ngxaki. Faka bulumko - kukuthi, ukususela kwinqanaba Ngenxa esikolweni Eleatic, ngokuxhomekeka uhlobo olulodwa nokuqiqa - eziphikisanayo. Umbhali zabo, Zenon ayekholelwa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukucinga ngaphandle ayiphikisani. Ngoko ke, cinga intshukumo engenakwenzeka. Sobulumko umzekelo, ukuba xa kusenziwa imbaleki fastest (Achilles) ayikwazanga yogqithe nofudo kade, kummandla eshukumisa akunakwenzeka, ubuncinane ngenxa xesha, kude kube ibhokhwe le ukugaqa ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye, umntu udinga ixesha ukuya apho na. Kwaye oko akusekho. Kwaye ngoko ukuba Infinity, leyo yahlula isithuba.

Into efanayo xa sibukele ukubhabha utolo. Kubonakala ukuba thina (ezingqondweni zethu ngako), ukuba ihamba. Kodwa ngalo lonke ixesha boom yi (abanye) kwenyeindawo esithubeni. Ngoko ke, yintoni esikubonayo akuyona kuyahluka zinokuthathwa. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba mvakalelo zasesekondari, akukho intshukumo.

ubunye

Noko ke, nkqu kudala kwakukho ukugxekwa ezi ngxelo. Umzekelo, nxamnye zango ye Eleatics wenza igunya adumileyo Ancient World Aristotle. Faka bulumko - ubunye enesithuba kunye nexesha - ibango nzulu ngezinto. Ukuba azenzeki ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngoko labe mechanics zibe amanqaku engenasiphelo - engachanekanga kunye nengqondo. Ihlabathi eguquguqukayo, yenzeka ngenxa longquzulwano eziqalelo kunye nemigaqo, kwaye ngenxa oku ngezilingo. Ngoko ke, lo intshukumo kunye nophuhliso bulumko aqalisa ukuba ezichongiweyo. Ubungqina boku kwavela Renaissance. Ngexesha elimisiweyo yaba ingcamango ethandwa kakhulu, baza enye kuba ihlabathi lonke - iya isiba kwibala komphefumlo okanye ubomi. udlulele Last lonke ixesha sisekho. Nkqu mbandela nezichwayitisayo, ngoko luphuhla.

umthombo

Noko ke, kule mihla siphila neengcamango waqalisa ukufuna, yintoni na sisiseko intshukumo. Ukuba ungubani na umcimbi, kwaye yokugqibela sinikezwe inertia. Ngoko ke, inkcazelo ngaphezu into yokuba umntu, ezifana uThixo okanye bOyena Uphakamileyo, wenza i "Ekuqaleni", emva koko bonke baqala ukuphuhlisa kunye nesihamba ngayo imithetho emisiwe, ayikwazanga ucinga.

Xa xesha ingxaki intshukumo ngomatshini ikakhulu bachaza ngokwembono deism. Lo gama yentanda, nje ezimbalwa uguqula ingcamango enkolo ukuba uThixo "waqalisa" indalo nje iwotshi, yaye ngoko ke kuphela mthombo wokuqala kunye nentshukumo kuyo. Uchaza izizathu notshintsho ngexesha Newton kunye Hobbes. Kodwa akumangalisi, kuba ngoko umntu kwakhona ingqalelo into efana ngendlela entsonkothileyo.

izinto ezibonakalayo

Marxists baye bathetha kakhulu malunga ukuhamba. Bona, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba waphika umqondo njengomthombo wangaphandle. Abameli ezi izimvo kuqala ubhengeze ukuba intshukumo-bulumko - oko lophawu lomba. Le ngokwayo yokugqibela umthombo wayo. Sinokuthi ukuba self-eyenzeke ngenxa yeempikiswano zayo. I-push yokugqibela kunye nokukhuthaza ukuba ukuhamba.

Movement of umcimbi kungenxa intsebenziswano elinezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngabo isizathu sokutshintsha iimeko zayo ezithile. Umba - yinto yonke leyo bobungayi konakaliswa. Oku oguqukayo. Ngoko ke, ihlabathi zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ukuba kubekho ezinye iinkqubo musa ukutshintsha isakhiwo into, zibizwa zinguquko oluninzi. Ke ukuba into efanayo okanye meko iguqulelwa ngaphakathi? Ke ezi nguqu ubize esemgangathweni.

iyantlukwano

eziphathekayo Dialectical, wenza imbono sichaza iintlobo intshukumo. Ifilosofi Marxism ekuqaleni ezintlanu ezi iintlobo utshintsho - ukususela kokulula ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo ngakumbi. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba iifom ethile intshukumo ukuba umgangatho into. Bona umthombo ezi nkcukacha behlabathi material iziganeko.

Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ngayo ichaza iindlela ezinjalo ezintlanu. ubucukubhede It, physics, chemistry, ibhayoloji kunye neenkqubo zasekuhlaleni. Ngamnye kubo yayo carrier eziphathekayo - umzimba, athom, iimolekyuli, iiprotheni, abantu kunye noluntu. Emva koko, ke, uphuhliso isayensi elibonisayo ukuba oluhlobo angabi mkrexezikazi ngokupheleleyo. Imfundiso iintlobo zolwakhiwo lombutho lomba wabonisa ukuba motion ngoomatshini inikeze nzima, akukho lula. iinkqubo Physical benomlinganiselo zabo micro macro. Ndafumanisa ukuba umbutho ngamnye noshowo daba lwemigangatho yayo ezimbaxa kunye nenani iintlobo intshukumo yabo idla infinity.

uphuhliso

Bobabini unina kunye noluntu na utshintsho rhoqo. Ukuba azitshintshanga, ayibuyiseki umva kwaye ngokomgangatho, zibizwa nophuhliso. Movement kunye nophuhliso oxhulumene kakhulu bulumko. Ngekota yesibini ka-banzi ixabiso lokuqala, ngokuba kukho intshukumo loo nto ikhokelele ekubeni utshintsho qualitative ezifana intshukumo. Kodwa ke uphuhliso onomlinganiselo eziliqela kunye nemilinganiselo. Ngokomzekelo, malunga nendlela kwakukho ihlabathi, apho aya khona, kukho iingcaciso wentsomi nonqulo, hayi nje yenzululwazi.

Ekuqondeni izinto eziphathekayo dialectical, kukho uphuhliso phambili. Oku kuthetha ukuba inqanaba kwesakhiwo ukunyuka umbutho, kuya kuba nzima kakhulu. Ukuba yeyokuba oku akwenzeki, ibizwa ngokuba kwaba bafundi. Kodwa kwakhona uphuhliso. Ngoko wabiza and self-eshukumayo uhlobo yoluntu. Kukho bekukholeleka ukuba uphuhliso umgangatho yendalo iphela.

Ifilosofi yokuphila

Ukuze wenze ezinye izigqibo. Izikolo ezahlukeneyo intshukumo ingcamango iqondwa ontologically, sisiseko yobukho. Uvumela nje kuphela impahla sibubona mba, kodwa umgaqo ubunye ihlabathi kunye nomthombo iyantlukwano yayo.

Faka i bulumko wokuba - yi ri karhi va kunye nexesha. Oku - hayi nje lophawu le nto, kodwa ke isiseko ubomi endalo, abantu kunye noluntu. Movement ukuphikisana semvelo kunye ngengqiqo. Kuyinto kokubili ngokupheleleyo yaye kakhulu, eguqukayo kwaye oluzinzileyo, kukuba ngaxa lithile kwaye angakwenzi. Xa intshukumo ontology mihla kukwayinto entle uhlobo efanelekileyo. Kuyinto umbuzo iinkqubo luluvo ehlabathini lokuqonda koluntu. Mhlawumbi oku intshukumo ukuba Goethe enkulu ebizwa ulonwabo.