Daniel Defoe: isishwankathelo "Robinson Crusoe" ngenxa idayari womfundi

Daniel Defoe inoveli Robinson Crusoe ukwazi yonke into. Kwanabo baye akuyifundi, khumbula ibali nomatiloshe oselula ufumana kwisiqithi kwanti emva nqanawa. Wahlala khona iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibhozo.

Wonke umntu uyayazi lo mbhali Daniyeli Defoe. "Robinson Crusoe", isishwankathelo ngayo yenza kwakhona ukuqinisekisa misebenzi yayo - umsebenzi yayo idumileyo.

Ngaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu amabini, abantu baye bedumisa inoveli. A lot of parodies kuwo uze uqhubeke. Osoqoqosho Sakha le modeli inoveli yobukho bomntu. Yintoni ukuthandwa le ncwadi? Ibali Robinson kuya kukunceda ufumane impendulo kulo mbuzo.

Isishwankathelo i "Robinson Crusoe" ngenxa idayari womfundi

Robinson wayengunyana wesithathu yabazali, akulungile ukulungele na msebenzi. Wayesoloko waphupha malunga ulwandle zokuhamba. Umntakwabo omdala balwa baseSpeyin baza bafa. umzalwana eliphakathi unyamalele. Ngoko ke, abazali abafuni ukuba unyana omncinane elwandle.

UYise ilila wacela Robinson nje khona endilisekileyo. Kodwa ezi zicelo kuphela ixesha wabongoza inkwenkwe oneminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Nyana kokuzama ukufumana inkxaso unina, kodwa lo mbono asiphumelelanga. Omnye unyaka uzama ukuthatha ixesha angabikho kubazali babo, lo gama ngoSeptemba 1651 ukuba ukuqubha eLondon, ngenxa yokuhamba mahala (umphathi waba nguyise umhlobo wakhe).

adventures Sea of Robinson

Ngosuku lokuqala uqhwithela elwandle kwavuka, Robinson wavuma entliziyweni yakhe ngenxa yokungathobeli. Kodwa le uburhulumente dissipated ukusela. Iveki iye bantinga isivunguvungu ngakumbi. Inqanawa zitshone noomatiloshe wathabatha ngesikhephe isitya ekufutshane. Elunxwemeni Robinson ufuna ukubuyela kubazali bakhe, kodwa "amashwa" ugcina naye umendo wakhe onyuliweyo. Isishwankathelo i "Robinson Crusoe" ngenxa idayari umfundi kubonisa indlela ubomi nzima baba Robinson.

E London, uTshawe wadibana ebinomthetheli umkhombe, ukuya eGuinea, kwaye uza kuhamba ngayo, uyeke omnye umthetheli. Robinson kungekudala athanda waba nomatiloshe, ngoko ndafunda ukuba nomatiloshe. Kodwa abanye ulwazi alufumana: Captain ngenkoliseko izibandakanye ne Robinson, ezama ukuba kudlule ixesha. Xa inqanawa ebuyela eNgilani, umthetheli iyafa, Robinson ngokwakho adadayo e Guinea. Olu hambo aluphumeleli: inqanawa yabo namapirates bambambe Turkish, yaye hero yethu uguqulwe umthetheli Turkish yekhoboka. Loo nto yenza Robinson ukuba benze wonke umsebenzi wasekhaya, kwaye ulwandle akuthathi. Kule ndawo ethi "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe", isishwankathelo leyo ichaza lonke ubomi ophambili, ebonisa ukuzimisela kunye neenkokeli zabantu.

Umnini wathumela intlanzi njengabathinjwa, ngenye imini xa kude omkhulu ukusuka elunxwemeni, Robinson iya isiba Xury inkwenkwe ukubaleka. Xa oku Walungisa kwangaphambili, ngoko isikhephe namaqebengwana kunye namanzi acocekileyo, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo. Endleleni abasabileyo impahla zabo, abahlala ngoxolo ndibanike amanzi kunye nokutya. Kamva, uziphakamisa inqanawa evela ePortugal wabo. Captain Robinson uthembisa drop mahala off eBrazil. Yena athenge sabo nenkwenkwe Xury, wathembisa ukuba babuyele simahla kwiminyaka embalwa. Nale Robinson uyavuma. Isishwankathelo i "Robinson Crusoe" ukuya phambili idayari womfundi isixelela ubomi uTshawe eBrazil.

Ubomi Brazil

E Brazil, Robinson wafumana nobumi babo, ukusebenza ezitiyeni zabo icuba kunye umoba. Abamelwane kwi emasimini ukuba umncede. Emasimini izandla zomsebenzi, kunye amakhoboka imali eninzi. Emva kokuphulaphula ibali Robinson kwiihambo ukuya eGuinea, batyale bagqiba ukuba kuziswe Brazil amakhoboka ngokufihlakeleyo ngesikhitshana, nabelane ngazo phakathi kwabo. Robinson wacebisa ukuba unobhala wenkundla sikhephe, zinoxanduva lokuthenga of Negro e Guinea. "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe", isishwankathelo lo msebenzi ivula ngakumbi ukungakhathali ophambili.

Uyavuma kwaye iseyile eBrazil Septemba 1, 1659, kwiminyaka 8 emva kokuphuma ukusuka kwikhaya lwabazali. Kwi kwiveki yesibini ka umkhumbi nzima uqhwithela waqala bahlunguzele. Ke ubaleka bangeyela, nabo babekhwele inqanawa lo unikelwe esandleni wekamva. shaft Large ejika esikhepheni wasindisa yi Robinson ngokwenza ukuba yome umhlaba. Isishwankathelo i "Robinson Crusoe" ngenxa idayari iintetho umfundi ethe chatha malunga indlu entsha Robinson.

usindiso ngokungummangaliso - kwisiqithi eyintlango

Wasindisa enye kwaye efa nabahlobo uwe. Robinson yokuqala ebusuku yokulala emthini, esoyika nezilo zasendle. Ngemini yesibini, uTshawe wathabatha inqanawa (ezisiweyo kufutshane elunxwemeni) Zininzi izinto eziluncedo - imipu, izikhonkwane, screwdriver, isixovulelo seediliya, pillows. Elunxwemeni wabeka up iintente, uphatha ukutya kwakhe, wompu kwaye yenza esingqengqelweni sakhe. Xa zizonke, waba phezu enqanaweni izihlandlo ezili-12, yaye usoloko ukhethe into exabisekileyo - angamwisa, iibhiskithi, rum, umgubo. Ixesha lokugqibela wabona imfumba yegolide ndandicinga ukuba isimo sakhe, bona awabalulekanga, kodwa wazinika nabo naye. I inoveli "The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe", isishwankathelo inxalenye yayo elizayo isixelela ntoni ngekamva ubomi siqithi.

Ngobo busuku, isaqhwithi zange ashiye inqanawa. Robinson ngoku elindele ulwakhiwo lwezindlu ekhuselekileyo elibheke olwandle, apho kwenzeka ukulindela ukuhlangulwa.

Phezu kwentaba ufumana engcotyeni tyaba kwaye waphula intente ukuze amkhusele ngeziqu ucingo ezibethelelwe emhlabeni. Ngena kule ndlu ingaba ileli. In engxondorheni waphula emqolombeni belisebenzisa njengophawu efihlakeleyo. Wonke umsebenzi wamthabatha ixesha elide. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza wazuza amava. Daniel Defo "Robinson Crusoe", isishwankathelo iintetho inoveli ngakumbi malunga kukhubazeko nokulungiswa Robinson kubomi obutsha.

Ukuziqhelanisa impilo entsha

Ke kaloku, phambi kwakhe kwakukho ingxaki - ukuze asinde. Kodwa Robinson wayeyedwa, wayichasa ihlabathi, engazi imeko yakhe - elwandle, imvula, zasendle siqithi eyintlango. Ukuze wenze oku ke kuya kufuneka ufunde lukhulu ngayo imisebenzi kwaye basebenzisane kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ebona yonke into yaye efunda. Wafunda ukuba domesticate iibhokhwe, ekwenzeni isonka samasi. Ngaphezu koko Imfuyo Robinson abazibandakanya kwezolimo, apho zizibi nerhasi ingqolowa kunye nerayisi, nto waziqongqotha evela kwisingxobo. Hero watyala intsimi enkulu. Robinson Okulandelayo wadala ikhalenda kwi ekwimo yeNtsika elikhulu, yonke imihla wamfaka inotshi.

Umhla wokuqala kwi-post - Septemba 30, 1659. Apha, ngosuku ngalunye kuya kuthathelwa ingqalelo, kwaye umfundi efunda lukhulu. Xa engekho eNgilani Robinson uye waphila neNgonyama, kunye Robinson wabuyela "Revolution Ozukileyo" ngo-1688, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni etroneni Vilgelma Oranskogo.

Idayari Robinson Crusoe, isishwankathelo: phambili ibali

Phakathi kwezinto akukho luncedo kakhulu ukuba Robinson uyichole umkhombe, baba inki, iphepha, emithathu yeBhayibhile yerediyo. Xa impilo yakhe wavuka (ababenaye iikati ezintathu inja baphume emkhombeni, kunye novela sisikhwenene kwakukho), waqalisa ukuba blog ukudambisa umphefumlo. Xa idayari Robinson uchaza yonke imicimbi yazo, imigqaliselo isityalo kunye nemozulu.

Inyikima ukunyanzela Robinson ukuba ucinge lwezindlu ezintsha, njengoko phantsi kwentaba ukuba yingozi. Ukuze yokutyiwa island isikhephe wenqanawa emva kokuwa, yaye Robinson ngaba izixhobo ezibonakalayo ukuze kwakhiwe. Ngeenyawo zakhe iinkunkuma ifiva, yaye ufunda iBhayibhile, babaphatha, njengoko unako. Kuyanceda iyeke rum, iinqobo necuba.

Xa wachacha Robinson, yena walukhenketha siqithi, apho wahlala iinyanga malunga ezilishumi. Phakathi izityalo engaziwayo Robinson eyifumana melon kweediliya, kwaye ukusuka benza ngoko zeerasintyisi yokugqibela. kwakhona siqithi ezininzi eziphilayo izidalwa iimpungutye, imivundla, Ufudo kunye penguins. Robinson iqwalasela yena abe inkosi yezi ubuhle, ngenxa yabantu apha akukho namnye umntu ohlala. Ubeka intente, yomeleza oko ke zihlale khona; njengoko kweli lizwe.

Robinson isebenza iminyaka emibini okanye emithathu kungekho nokolula emqolo. Konke oku wabhala kwidayari yakhe. Ngoko wabhala enye imihla yakhe. Ngokufutshane, imini liqulethe yokuba Robinson ukufunda iBhayibhile, othathe, ngoko zinokulungiswa ngayo, womile kwaye ukulungele ukubamba ixhoba.

Robinson wanyamekela izityalo, kwinto eniyizuzileyo, ukukhathalela imfuyo, esenzelwe izixhobo zegadi. Yonke le misebenzi wayeyiphangile elininzi ixesha kunye nomgudu. Ngomonde, wabagxotha kuyo isiphelo sezinto zonke. Nokuba isonka esibhakiweyo ngaphandle lezonka, ityuwa kunye nagwele.

Ukwakhiwa isikhephe uhambe uye elwandle

Robinson akazange ayeke waphupha isikhephe nokuchithakala nezwe. Wayefuna nje ukubaleka ekuthinjweni. Robinson ubanga umthi omkhulu kwaye kukwakhela isikhephe yakhe encinane. Kodwa emanzini oko ukuphatha ukutsala kuyo (njengoko kude ehlathini). Ngomonde amele ukusilela.

Robinson uchitha Uhlaziyo ngubo lokuphola: obekela uboya yesinxibo (ibhatyi kunye nebrukhwe), umnqwazi kunye nokwenza isambuleli. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, Robinson wakha inqanawa notsalo naye emanzini. Akuba emkhuphele phandle elwandle, yena waquqa ehlabathini siqithi. Ngexesha bear iphenyane elwandle evulekileyo, kunye Robinson waba nexesha nzima babuyele esiqithini. Uchaza Defoe Adventures of Robinson Crusoe. Isishwankathelo senoveli utyhila lilolo hero nethemba lakhe losindiso.

Imizila yeenyawo nobudlova entlabathini

Ngenxa yokoyika ixesha elide ivakale ilumeza Robinson e more.On wabagagamela zomdongwe, iingobozi lazo nokwenza ifowuni. Kwisiqithi eninzi icuba. Ngomhla omnye iin- umntu ebabonayo ubukho entlabathini. Yena wothuka kakhulu, ubuyela ekhaya kwaye iintsuku ezintathu ungaphumi, ukucinga umntu, azafunyanelwa ndawo. UTshawe woyikela ukuba oku kuba savages evela emhlabeni nomsinga. Robinson ucinga ukuba kukungathembani, isityalo, ukuba ndibachithachithe iinkomo, kwaye uninzi boyidla. Xa ephuma "inqaba", oko kwenza ebiyelweyo omtsha phezu kweenkunzi zeebhokhwe. Le ndoda kwakhona ufumana imizila zabantu kunye iintsalela yomthendeleko enzela. Ezi ndwendwe emva kweso siqithi. Kwiminyaka emibini Robinson kuhlala kwelinye icala lesiqithi ekhayeni lakhe. Kodwa ke, ubomi ubuya kwijelo cwaka. Kule kwaye ubalise, inxalenye elandelayo summary inqaku ( "Robinson Crusoe"). Daniel Defoe wachaza imisebenzi iqhawe iinkcukacha ezincinane.

Lusindiso Friday - le nobudlova ezweni elikufuphi

Ngobunye ubusuku umntu ndeva adubula kusuka umpu - signal nqanawa. Bonke ubusuku Robinson lomlilo, yaye kusasa wabona lowo doti inqanawa. Of intlungu nesizungu, athandaze nabani weqela usindayo, kodwa elunxwemeni umzimba kwenza kuphela inkwenkwe ikhabhathi. Enqanaweni, abantu abaphilayo. Robinson usafuna ukuya nomsinga nokunceda ufuna ukuthatha inxalenye ezingaphucukanga. iminyaka enye enesiqingatha, uza kunye nezicwangciso, kodwa enzela Robinson soyikiso. Xa yena uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana nobudlova, lowo kusindisa. Yena uba ngumhlobo wakhe.

ubomi Robinson iba mnandi ngakumbi. Ufundisa ngoLwesihlanu (ngoko igama nobudlova kuhlangulwa) yi broth banxibe. ULwesihlanu wayengumhlobo olungileyo nothembekileyo. Oku kuchazwe kwinoveli "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe", funda isishwankathelo ongayi kuba umoya ofanayo.

Usindiso ekuthinjweni abuyele England

Kungekudala kudlulwe kwi iindwendwe siqithi. bavukeli Iqela ulitshitshisile IsiNgesi inqanawa umthetheli, iqabane, nogonyamelo umkhweli. Robinson kuwukhulula umthetheli kunye nabahlobo bakhe, yaye iyamcamagusha imvukelo. Ekuphela umnqweno ilizwi Captain Robinson - ke iposi ukuba ngoLwesihlanu eNgilani. Robinson wahlala kwisiqithi iminyaka engama-28 kwaye wabuyela eNgilani ngoJuni 11 ngo-1686. Abazali bakhe owayefile elide, kodwa isaphila, yaba ngumhlolokazi umphathi yakhe yokuqala. Lowo ufunda ukuba elutyalweni yakhe ndayisusayo igosa elisuka lezeMali, kodwa ibuyisela zonke ezingenayo. Indoda kunceda abatshana bakhe bobabini, balungele ukuba oomatiloshe. Ngowe-'61 Robinson utshata kwaye unabantwana abathathu. Ngoko ke kuyaphela eli bali emangalisayo.