Brick Khrushchev: ucwangciso, ubomi. khona apho kuya kubakho idilizwe isitena isakhiwo esinemigangatho ezintlanu-in eMoscow?

Mhlawumbi akukho mntu ungakubonanga Khrushchev zakudala. Le mizi, enamakhulu imigangatho-4 okanye 5, kunye layout kunokuba nzima kunye nekhitshi encinane kunye lokuhlambela. Kodwa musa ukulibala, nangaliphi na ixesha kokwakhiwa kwezi zindlu. Kule 60s kwaba uvuyo lokwenene ukuze ufumane indawo eyahlukileyo.

impilo inkonzo

Xa iyonke kukho iintlobo ezimbini Khrushchev - panel kunye yezitena. izindlu panel ikakhulu zakhiwa njengoko kwezakhelo zexeshana yaye ubomi engama-25. Noko ke, abaninzi kubo nangoku kule mini, kuba ezo zindlu rhoqo wongezelela kwalo.

Izitena nawo robust ngakumbi kwaye zithembekile, ngokwedatha noyilo ndlu ayinako ukuma iminyaka ubuncinane 50. Ngelo xesha uninzi Khrushchev, eyenziwe ngezitena sandiswa ubomi enkonzweni kwiminyaka 150. Ngoko ke, kwiidolophu ezincinane kweli lizwe, ezi zindlu ziya kuma ishumi ngaphezu kwesinye, isicwangciso ukudilizwa ezi zakhiwo ayikho.

Imbali emfutshane

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezi zindlu zazakhiwe phantsi Stalin, kodwa amanani amancinane kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa okukhulu kwezi zakhiwo yaqala ukuza ku amandla Nikita Khrushchev, yathiywa emva kwakhe, ezi zindlu zibizwa ngokuba Khrushchev.

Umbhali ezisezantsi iindleko kunye amancinci ubungakanani zindlu akazange unobhala oyintloko iqela kwaye abantu abasondeleyo kuye. Urhulumente waseSoviet waboleka ingcamango ezindlwini engaxabisi i Frenchman Le Korbyuze, lo mntu wanikela eFransi ukuba baqale ukwakha izindlu ezincinane. Ngapha koko, eli lizwe yatshatyalaliswa phantse ngokupheleleyo emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, yaye imali yokwakha umgangatho wayengekho ekhaya.

Le mbono yokuba ngumzobi French kwi-USSR wenza kakhulu-, ngoko ke ulwakhiwo Khrushchev waqalisa kwilizwe liphela. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezinjalo izindlu ezakhiwe phezulu kuphela kwiindawo lonke, kodwa wonke umzi.

izitena Series Khrushchev

Kwakukho eziliqela kwiintlobo ezi zindlu. Bonke bephela waba umahluko othile omnye nomnye. Xa iyonke kukho ezingaphezu kwama-20 uthotho Khrushchev, eyakhiwe ngezitena. Ezakhelwe kuzo, ngokuxhomekeke mmandla, la manqaku ethandwa kakhulu USSR kukubonelela kulandelayo:

• 1-447;
• 1-464 (kule ndlu ithandwa kakhulu kwi yangaphambili USSR);
• II-07-19;
• 1-511.

1-511 Series Housing

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Khrushchev eMoscow zingabonakala rhoqo ngokwaneleyo, olu ngcelele yeyona ixhaphake kakhulu kwikomkhulu, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthethe ngqo malunga naloo nto.

Esi sakhiwo enemigangatho emihlanu abakhoyo phantse kuzo zonke isithili Moscow, ukwakhiwa kwazo kuthwalelwa phandle kangangeminyaka eli-10. Kukho ezahlukeneyo ezimbini zokuguqulwa: phambi kwexesha nasemva kwexesha, kodwa kukho umahluko umahluko nje engephi ephakamileyo yophahla kunye nomgangatho lezitena niya kulirhola.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye ngezitena Khrushchev 1-511, kolu ngcelele kusetyenziswa izitena umgangatho ophezulu. Ngapha koko, izindlu zakhiwa likomkhulu karhulumente enkulu. Yona ubeko, yonke into efanayo njengoko amanye amakhaya: amagumbi ukunxibelelana, nekhitshi encinane kunye lokuhlambela.

Baya kuthatha phantsi Khrushchev eMoscow

Phantse yonke Khrushchev kwikomkhulu kukho uthotho 1-511, kwaye abayi sadilizwa, njengoko kunjalo kwimeko kakhulu entle kwaye kuhlala ishumi ngaphezu kwesinye. Kukho nje izibonelelo ezimbalwa kule modeli, leyo kuwa phantsi ukudilizwa, kodwa sele likaxakeka.

Ngokuphathelele umba, uya idilizwe ngezitena Khrushchev okanye akunjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo kakhulu kunzima ukuphendula. Ngo-Epreli 2017 usodolophu eyinkunzi Russian wathi strong ekhaya akayi idilizwe. Yadilika isakhiwo esinemigangatho ezintlanu-iya kuquka kuphela ezo ezikwimeko engafanelekanga.

Ezinye izakhiwo ziya kuhlala njengoko kukuba ngoku, yaye ezinye zezindlu, abasemagunyeni uceba ukulungisa kwaye udibanise imigangatho. Ukwakhiwa kakhulu robust liya kuba phezulu, sihlelwe ukwakhiwa macandelo ikheshi kuzo. Ngoko ke, inxalenye Izitena iya kuba izindlu zale mihla, kunye amagumbi amatsha nangaphezulu ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Abemi imigangatho ephantsi baya kukwazi ukwenza utshintsho ukuya izitena Khrushchev.

Re-uceba omnye-lokulala yokuhlala

Phantse yonke Isitena Khrushchev babe ukufudumeza. Enye igumbi nangoku kulungile, kodwa yesibini elimxinwa kakhulu, nto leyo ayisoloko ilingane ebhedini nokuba enkulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi amakhaya zilufanele ngokutsha, njengoko yokuhlala cishe akukho iindonga umthwalo-langa. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba le nkqubo, qiniseka ukuba abonisane, nto leyo kutshabalalisa udonga kwaye izeziphi na. Kungenjalo, kusenokuba yingxaki enkulu kakhulu ukwakhiwa.

Ngokuqhelekileyo Khrushchev lokuhlambela ungenzi nto, njengesiqhelo nje kungahlali. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba umnini wale ndlu kujamelana nocelomngeni ukwandisa isithuba ukuba baphile apha kamnandi. Umfanekiso olandelayo ubonisa kuhlaziywe izitena standard Khrushchev.

Njengoko ubona, udonga phakathi ekhitshini kunye igumbi lokuhlala lakrazuka phantsi, ngoko kwakukho ummandla ezingaphezulu ze-ndawo ikhitshi, igumbi ephilileyo iye kwakhona ibe yi enkulu kunye mihla. Ukuphila ngeengcango utyhala sele bahlukana, waza wajika indawo yokusebenza encinane. uyakwazi abeke bath kwikona kwigumbi lokuhlambela, nto leyo iya kubonakala isithuba ngaphantsi kancinane, kodwa kuya kuba elizeleyo, amavila. Njengoko le kumatshini wokuhlamba, oko kudla kwi Khrushchev izitena ibekwe phantsi isitya sokuhlambela. Okanye ungathenga imifuziselo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kwaye ukunyusa ekhitshini.

Kwelo gumbi apho kukho lokulala, kukho indawo yokugcina encinane apho. Emva ngokutsha, le sithuba yandisiwe, waza wajika lokunxibela. Yena siphelelwa indawo yokulala, kodwa ngoku akukho mfuneko ukubeka ngubo, kwaye gumbi ngakumbi isikwere, kodwa hayi ende emxinwa.

isiphelo

izindlu izitena Khrushchev ikomkhulu Russia zixhomekeke ukudilizwa, kodwa kuphela abo yonxunguphalo okanye imeko ayanelisi. Ngoko ke, ukuba uza kuthenga indlu kwisakhiwo, kucingwa ukuba uninzi isakhiwo sebali ezintlanu-kwixa elizayo kuhlelwe ukuba idilizwe.

Ngokomgaqo-nkqubo we kubaphathi-dolophu, ngoku phantsi ukudilizwa ubunzima Khrushchev, eyakhiwe iiphaneli esele bakhonza ixesha labo.