Amafu hygrometer. Hygrometer ukulinganisa ukufuma lomoya

A common isixhobo sokulinganisa ukufuma (kunye nezinye iigesi) nokucutheka a hygrometer. Yaso ephambili yokusebenza kukulinganisa ubushushu kuthiwa indawo umbethe, apho amafu kokufuma iqala umoya.

Yintoni ukufuma

Hygrometer umlinganiselo isiqulatho sokufuma emoyeni, enokuthi angamelwa ixabiso elililo okanye isalamane. Eyokuqala kwezi inika amanzi amaninzi umphunga 1 cu. m komoya kubushushu elinikiweyo. Kodwa sesibili sibonisa indlela umphunga wamanzi emoyeni kufutshane Ukwanda karhulumente, oko kukuthi, lo lizama esinamandla kunye isigaba yayo engamanzi - .. Apho kungekho kwamanzi okanye ukujija. Oko kukuthi lulwahlulo elilinganisiweyo elililo lokufuma komoya kulo kukuzibophelela ukufuma kwimo saturation. Xa umphunga wamanzi umoya ifumile (kwakhona, kubushushu elinikiweyo), ukufuma xa kuthelekiswa zezulu yi-100%. Kwi efanayo umoya ezihluthiyo kunye nomphunga amanzi esihambelana ngaphantsi.

kanjani hygrometer amafu

Umgaqo ukusebenza kwaso nasiphi na isixhobo ukuze kugqitywe umoya ukufuma, ngokokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya yokulinganisa ezinye buninzi ezifana lobushushu, uxinzelelo, ubunzima okanye utshintsho mechanical kwaye zombane iziyobisi, a ukufuma izifunxi. Ngu ekulinganisweni efanelekileyo kunye nokubalwa amaxabiso kulinganiswa kunokukhokelela ukumiselwa ukufuma ongowona okanye isalamane. indima ebaluleke kakhulu kule nkqubo lobushushu apho Ukwanda kwenzeka engumphunga ekuthiwa nombethe point. Ngokuqhelekileyo izixhobo electronic mihla ukuze kugqitywe ukufuma komoya ilinganiswa kule lobushushu okanye utshintsho capacitance zombane okanye ukungawi arhente ezahlukeneyo ukufuma ukufunxa ke iguqulelwe (ngokuzenzekela) kwi zalathisi ukufuma.

Amafu hygrometer: device

ukusebenza kwayo isekelwe umlinganiselo umxholo umphunga wamanzi zezulu kwindawo umbethe. Le ndlela iquka olupholisa umphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo nezipili zesinyithi, ukuba lobushushu apho amanzi phezu komhlaba isipili lowo lizama uxinzelelo umphunga wamanzi kule igesi ngaphezu komhlaba isampula. Kule lobushushu, ubunzima lamanzi umphezulu isipili nokuba uyanda (zomphezulu kubanda kakhulu) okanye kuyancipha (ukuba kumphezulu ifudumele kakhulu), t. E umphunga ngaphezu isipili yi zilingana olutshintshayo ngamanzi condensate phezu isipili (zomphunga ifumile).

Loo isipili senziwe ngesixhobo conductivity elungileyo thermal (ezifana isilivere okanye ubhedu) kwaye sigqunywe umaleko ngesinyithi egalelwe, ezifana iridium, rubidium, nickel okanye igolide ukunqanda tarnishing kunye namachibi. Isipili lupholisiwe yi kwesibandisi thermoelectric (isiphumo Peltier) phambi ekumisweni amafu. A msebe wokukhanya, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka okuqinileyo broadband ukukhanya esikhupha diode sibhekiswe ukuba esipilini komhlaba, kunye photodetector iliso lo Ukukhanya obhobhozayo oko kukuthi eliphezulu kungekho amafu phezu esipilini.

A indlela yokusebenza isipili hygrometer ebandayo

Xa amathontsi umbethe kwakheka kwi njengokwasesipilini phezu esipilini, ukukhanya esibonisiweyo saa. Ngaloo ekubhobhozeni kwayo nghena photodetector lifinyele, kubangela ukuba kutshintshwe uphawu lwe output lokugqibela. Oku, ilawulwa yi-analog okanye inkqubo yedijithali elilawula ezibandayo thermoelectric egcina lobushushu isitali kwindawo esipilini umbethe. Nge eyiyo eyenzelwe inkqubo esipilini igcinwe kwiqondo lobushushu apho amafu umyinge kukuthi ncam lilingane izinga komphunga umbethe maleko. Ngqo yesikhumbuzo platinum ukumelana ubushushu (PRT), shelwe esipilini, ulinganisa iqondo lobushushu ngeli xesha, nto leyo iguqulelwa ngokuzenzekelayo xa kufundwa ukufuma.

A hygrometer ngokuba lokulinganisa lokufuma yesakhiwo ethathelwa ingqalelo ikwathetha cleaner Impompo ukuba empompa inxalenye gesi ukuba zihlolwe, baze bongezelwe ukuhluza izinto ezisetyenziswe ezimdaka iimeko.

Benefits ingqalelo hygrometers

Ezi zixhobo, ngokusekelwe umgaqo elula umsebenzi kunye noluhlu womlinganiselo olubanzi, ukuchaneka aphezulu kunye ufundo ezizinzileyo, zazisetyenziswa kwishishini kunye nophando. UMbane oQhelekileyo amafu hygrometer, ngokungafaniyo abanye abenzi boluvo abaninzi ukufuma ingenziwa izinzile kakhulu, phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba ukunxiba, nto leyo enciphisa imfuneko kwakhona Ukulinganiswa-. Hygrometer ukufuma umbethe indawo nga uzilinganise kuluhlu lobushushu kwi-100 ° C ubuncinane kwi -70 ° C. Kulo mzekelo, umlinganiselo nokuchaneka ezimbalwa eshumini ze isidanga.

Uninzi loyilo luthathwa hygrometers Bakhona isilawuli-ayilawulwa kwaye edityaniswe resistive lobushushu woluvo kungabalelwa kwaye imveliso ye uboniso lwangaphandle naziphi zinqwenelekayo parameters lokufuma ukongeza okanye endaweni umbethe ngongoma. Ukongeza, ezi zixhobo kukuvumela sokutshintshela iziphumo kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe ngeengcingo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo industrial yokuqokelelwa kwedatha automated kunye nolawulo ahambelanayo inkqubo yobuchwepheshe.

Nendleko hygrometer efanayo? ixabiso layo, Kakade ke, uzimisele ngokuyintloko yintlaninge imisebenzi ukusebenza, kuxhomekeka kubukho nokuntsonkotha yeyunithi yolawulo loseto ngekhompyutha. Ngoko ke, lo amafu hygrometer zokubhala, ikhangeleka ngathi oscilloscope lwedijithali, kubalulekile ubuncinane $ 4,000. Ingakumbi model "phambili" zinokubiza ngaphezulu kwama-10 000 zeerandi. Emarikeni uyakwazi ukufumana kunye hygrometer esebenza kakhulu ephathekayo. ixabiso layo isusela ukusuka ku-1 ukuya kwezi-2 amawaka. eerandi.

Ezingeloncedo hygrometers amafu

Nangona inkqubo hygrometers luthathwa kuthathwa kakhulu ngempumelelo kwinkqubo womlinganiselo, indlala kwayo kungcoliseko kunqandwa yeekhomponenti yokulinganisa umendo ngexesha lomsebenzi.

Hygrometers zixhotyiswe luthando izipili badla ukwandisa iimpazamo nomlinganiselo ngenxa yobukho ukungcola ezinyibilikayo ezingenakunyibilika zifakwe kwi esipilini. amasuntswana enganyibilikiyo kuchaphazela iimpawu woqondo ye esipilini. Ukuphumelela ngomndilili uthuli okanye imbonakalo ezingenakunyibilika ngamasuntswana kwi esipilini ukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka yoxinaniso kumaziko kuyaba neqabaka, nto leyo inyusela impendulo ngexesha kwefowuni. elimsulwa Soluble kuchaphazela ubukhulu yengcinezelo umphunga ukufuma yinto enye kwi esipilini, leyo amacala indawo umbethe. zokukala hygrometer Modern (ubuncinane imifanekiso yabo nobunzima kakhulu) ziquka umsebenzi "self-test", leyo uvumele ifowuni ukuba ukubona nokusabela ungcoliseko ngokwazisa izilungiso ezifanelekileyo izikhombisi ukubala ubuchule ukufuma.

Kungakhathaliseki nokuba ngaba iimpawu ezinjalo phantse hygrometers zonke ingqalelo kufuneka zihlolwe ngamaxesha kunye nokucoca.

Service nge hygrometers isibuko ebandayo

Icebisa ukuba umsebenzisi kwefowuni ingqiqo imiyalelo yayo. Hygrometer, nto leyo ethe kungcoliseko, kufuneka ngamathuba athile icocwe ukuqinisekisa uzinzo iziphumo zemilinganiselo, nangona oku kwandisa ixabiso yesondlo yayo. Ukuhlolwa isixhobo isipili uqobo lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa microscope ehlanganisiweyo kunye nokugcinwa ngayo - ngesandla emva kokuvulwa egumbini yokulinganisa.

Ukuba yokucoca phezu esipilini lwenziwa efunekayo imiyalelo yayo sokuquqa yokusebenza, ngoko uyakwazi ukugcina ukuchana womlinganiselo. ukufikelela lula kumphezulu esipilini ce kudla inikwa ngumntu njengehenjisi phakathi kweenxalenye woqondo kunye esipilini. Emakethe ngoku Ungafumana naluphi na olifunayo umsebenzisi amafu hygrometer. Le ifoto ngezantsi ibonisa umzekelo abulawe yayo.

Ukusetyenziswa hygrometers in semetroloji

A yenzelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ezisebenza nge isipili hygrometer obandayo inika umlinganiselo ukufuma kunye ukuchaneka kwee-odolo ezininzi wukulu swinene ku tlula avumele ezinye kweemitha ethandwa ukufuma. Ukuchaneka okusegazini, ingakumbi xa mayixhotyiswe platinum ukumelana ubushushu sokulinganisa iqondo lobushushu esipilini ngemicroscope kunamandla aqhelekileyo ukuba esweni imeko esipilini, iyenza ezilungele leMitroloji. Amathuba yokudlulisela ulwazi phezu engenazingcingo digital amajelo onxibelelwano ivula amathuba ebanzi ukusetyenziswa kwezi hygrometers kwiinkqubo zehlabathi zokuqokelela nokulungiswa ngeenkcukacha zemozulu.

Ukusetyenziswa iilebhu mveliso kunye bume ongcolileyo

Ezi zixhobo ukuze kugqitywe ukufuma komoya ezilungele yokulinganisa ixabiso elililo lwe mveliso iilebhu zayo zemozulu. Ngokufuthi zisetyenziswa imigangatho yokulawula ukuchana ezinye izixhobo, ezifana abenzi ukufuma ozalanayo ezisetyenziswa ekulawuleni amagumbi uvavanyo zemozulu.

Uzinzo iimpawu izinto ezisetyenziswa kulo le misebenzi yoyilo hygrometers kunye indlela yokwenza izixhobo zokucoca ezininzi ezifanelekileyo kakhulu inkonzo ixesha elide environments ezingcolisa ezininzi ngaphandle kokuthotywa ekulinganisweni. Le uzinzo iimpawu ezenza ukuba zifanele ukusetyenziswa emifuleni igesi apho amanqanaba aphezulu ukungcola e iisampulu segesi ngeentlobo ayizinzanga zokuva ukufuma isiphumo lisenza yingozi. Umzekelo, oku hlobo hygrometers ezisetyenziswa ukulawula indawo umbethe ngexesha thermostrengthening iindawo amanqaku metal umoya nge spetsprimesyami. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukubonelela ukufikelela lula kwisipili nokucoca ingakumbi zinqweneleka.

imveliso ubumanzi-onovakalelo

technologies inkqubo nokupakishwa eKhethekileyo ezifunekayo ekwenziweni imithi, iifilimu, Ipeyinti kunye nezinye iimveliso ngokufuthi elawulwa hygrometers njengesipili obandayo. Kwakhona, ukhetho lwabo kulo mzekelo, kuchaphazela uzinzo nokuchaneka womlinganiselo nobomi inkonzo ende. Ngaphezu koko, ekubeni ezi nkqubo zithanda ukuba kangako iindleko lezixhobo, ixabiso eliphezulu hygrometers nkcukacha aziphelelanga yeyona iphambili ekukhetheni esweni ukufuma wesekethe.

igesi High-lobushushu nencopho umbethe

Hygrometers yale hlobo idla oyimisele kumetwa amaqondo obushushu nombethe indawo ngaphezu lobushushu kuma kulo. Devices kunye nezibuko zipholile zazisetyenziswa 1966 ukuya esweni amafutha yeseli hydrogen uqalise Apollo, ukusebenza kubushushu ka-250 ° C kwakunye noxinzelelo ngeekhilogram 700 nge-intshi square. Namhlanje ubuchwephetshe okupholisa thermoelectric isipili nombethe point ku-100 ° C (okanye ngaphezulu, ukuba xi ngasentla womoya) kube lula kulinganiswa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, bonke ibonakala hygrometer yokulinganisa gumbi, wadibana igesi isampulu le kufuneka ukuba amaqondo obushushu ngaphezu umbethe indawo iphezulu olukhoyo, kungenjalo amafu kwenzeka kule imiphezulu, kwaye nomlinganiselo kuya eziphosakeleyo.

I hygrometers ngokuba lokulinganisa ngumbethe ingongoma ophezulu-amaqondo obushushu negesi, i eqhelekileyo lomkhuba ukuba ukusetyenziswa zombane Izifudumezi ekwiqondo lobushushu umlawuli ukugcina lokulinganisa egumbini kodonga lobushushu ngentla liphezulu kulindeleke ukuba umbethe amanqaku. Solid-state amacandelo ezamehlo ezifana ilight esikhupha kunye detectors, kugcinwa lobushushu yokusebenza wesiqhelo (njenge 85 ° C) ukuthintela umonakalo kunye nesivuno hygrometer lutshitshe. Oku kungenzeka ngokuthi ubushushu thermal kula macandelo ukusuka lokulinganisa gumbi shushu.