Agency zabasebenzi. UMthetho kuvalwe arhente zabasebenzi Russia

Agency zabasebenzi eRashiya ekhoyo (ngokwe iingcali ezahlukahlukeneyo) ukususela kwiminyaka emininzi ukuya kumashumi eminyaka, kuye ezinye obubonakala ezibe zibonwa USSR. Nokuba ndlela, olu hlobo ubudlelwane phakathi komqeshi nomqeshwa ayikho entsha kuthi. Ngokokubona noncwadi lwenzululwazi eziluncedo zomsebenzi arhente yahluke gqitha eRashiya, kodwa Iingcali ezininzi zithi imfuneko umthetho eyahlukileyo labour contract. Kwaye ngoku, ekugqibeleni, sifika kwiPalamente ukuba imithombo eyimfuneko regulatory eli candelo.

Xa amandla ayikho ongasithemba

NgoMeyi 2014 umthetho federal yamkelwa yi abasemagunyeni Russian, leyo wazisa utshintsho ebalulekileyo izenzo womthetho ubhaliso ubudlelwane emsebenzini phakathi umqeshwa kunye nomqeshi. Kwenziwa izilungiso kuMthetho "Kwi Employment" (1991), i-Code Labour kunye nenani kwezinye izinto zasemthethweni ezifanelekileyo kunokudenda. Okokuqala, kwaphela Duma State (Epreli 2014), ke ngoko waye wamkelwa Federation liBhunga yaye ekugqibeleni yasayinwa nguMongameli. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi zilungiso zichazwe kwi kwisinye njengoko "uMthetho kwi ukuvalwa labour mvumelwano."

Yintoni le senzo zomthetho ezitsha kwishishini Russian? Ngaba kukho nihluthe nesakhiwo ishishini umthetho, abasemagunyeni irhafu, ekugqibeleni, abatyali amazwe, ogama ukuthatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso loqoqosho Russian isabalulekile?

Ngokufutshane ngomsebenzi contract

Ngokutsho inkcazelo jikelele arhente yabasebenzi (ekwabizwa ngokuba outstaffing) - kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kwamaqela amathathu: umsebenzi, umqeshi kunye umlamleli phakathi kwazo (njenge umthetho, kukho ezizodwa HR-arhente). Kwezinye iimeko, amaxesha amaninzi benze olu hlobo lwalamano? Umzekelo, kusenokuba umsebenzi ngamaxesha athile okanye ukuthengiswa kulo naliphi na ixesha incopho ethile. Kukho iintlobo zorhwebo ukuba uthenge kakhulu ehlotyeni (ice cream, iziselo ezibandayo).

Lokuhlela, yithini, urhwebo ezitratweni ezi iintlobo zemveliso, inkampani-ngumqeshi oqesha abathengisi yethutyana, "ukuthatha" ukusuka kwi HR-arhente. Nevuthisayo ngexesha ke, iqukumbela abathengisi ezipheleleyo neemvumelwano zengqesho. Kuba umsebenzi arhente ixesha elide azilawulwa ngumthetho: i-Code Labour ayiqulathanga naluphi na izimvo ngomxholo yentsebenziswano phakathi komqeshwa nomqeshi kule fomati. Kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingqalelo kule hlobo neentlobano yabasebenzi kukho phezulu kakhulu.

Lo mthetho - nxamnye

Russian Duma State yamkelwa Ufundo eziliqela bill ngezilungiso ezo nemithetho yezabasebenzi kweli lizwe. Ezinye iingcali zithi ezi zilungiso musa kubonisa ngomsebenzi arhente ban ezinjalo, kodwa kuphela ukuba kuncitshiswe izinga lokusetyenziswa kwayo kwaye uguqule ezinye iimeko. Ngokukodwa, abasebenzi abaye bevela HR-arhente, ngokutsho oyilwayo akanakho ukubamba ngaphezu kwe-10% abasebenzi abasisigxina yenkampani.

Kwakhona, aba bantu kufuneka ukumenywa, ukuba abasebenzi ephambili yenkampani baqhankqalaza okanye azivumi kusebenza ngokusemthethweni (umzekelo, ukungahlawulwa umvuzo). Ukongeza, umthetho ubonelela ukuba abasebenzi arhente kufuneka kungavunyelwa ukusebenza kwinqanaba eliphezulu yezinto ingozi. Kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - iimeko umvuzo kunye neemeko abasebenza kwi kwizithuba ezifanayo abaqeshwa abasisigxina le nkampani kunye amatyala akufanele nangayiphi na indlela eyahlukileyo. Iingcali kwakhona uqaphele ukuba ezintsha akusayi kuchaphazela iinkampani ezibonelela ngeenkonzo kwifomati Outsourcing.

Into esemqoka malunga nomthetho

abaqeshi abaninzi kunye neemanyano zabasebenzi ukwamkela into yokuba kunyaka lobhaliso yemithetho simanga ezifana umsebenzi arhente, - 2014, ukususela, ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, ngoku uqoqosho Russia kukuba kwisigaba utshintsho apho indima ebaluleke kakhulu karhulumente. Ngokutsho izenzo olumisiweyo ngokomthetho, umsebenzi iarhente esayinwe nguMongameli of Russia - umsebenzi owenziwa ngumntu phantsi komyalelo ngqo kumqeshi, kodwa isicelo kwamaqela lesithathu (ngokwendalo okanye ngokomthetho). Lo mthetho wazisa amanyathelo awodwa ukuthintela abaqeshi zibuye kude ngokusayina izivumelwano yabasebenzi ngokupheleleyo ngokutsho Code Labour. Abo arhente ukuba nifuna abasebenzi ukuze, kuya kufuneka ukuba ii-arhente zikarhulumente ovunyiweyo. Ukudala ubume onjalo (ngumthetho) akavumelekanga iP.S. okanye amaqumrhu ukuba ahlawule irhafu indlela ekhethekileyo. Ikomkhulu ogunyazisiweyo le nkampani kufuneka ubuncinane engange kwesigidi esi-1, kunye nomlawuli we nkampani kufuneka ukuba isidanga ekholejini.

Imvelaphi nyathelo yowiso

Ngubani owaqala umthetho, isicelo abasebenzi arhente ban? Amanyathelo okuqala olu lwalathiso yenziwa ngo-2011. I Duma IKomiti State, leyo elawula imiba enxulumene nomgaqo-nkqubo abasebenzi nobudlelwane kwezentlalo, wadala iqela ukusebenza, lowo besilungiselelwe ukulungiselela imithetho ukupheliswa iziganeko ezifana outstaffing. Ukuba ingxoxo ababandakanyekayo amaziko ezopolitiko kunye nezentlalo ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye nabaqeshi ngokwabo. Ekuqaleni, lo mthetho uyilwayo ufuna ukuba ngaphakathi ulwalamano outstaffing iza kubonelela kwi imeko yokuqeshwa efanayo, amagunya karhulumente. Umsebenzi uya trudinspektsiyam ingxelo ukuba usebenza phantsi kwemiqathango, kukho abasebenzi arhente, kunye arhente zikarhulumente, nazo, wayalela ukuba umqeshi ukuba isivumelwano ibe ngokungqinelana nemimiselo ye-TC. Ngexesha le uviwo lomsebenzi bill wenza weeNkundla: ePalamente savulela trudinspektsiyu ukunika amagunya ongezelelweyo.

Agency ukusebenza kwamanye amazwe

Outstaffing - into leyo eye ukufika eRashiya bevela kumazwe aphuhlileyo. E France, umzekelo, umsebenzi arhente - le yenye iifomati uthandwayo ubudlelwane phakathi kwabasebenzi nabaqeshi kwishishini lokwakha. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba imarike uphumile zengqesho ihlabathi ngcembe ukwandisa. Enye yezinto ezininzi kakhulu elinganiswa kwabasebenzi - eMzantsi Afrika (malunga 7.1%), e-Europe - i-1.8% kwi-US - kuluhlu lwamaxabiso efanayo. Kancinane ngaphantsi e Japan - malunga ne-1.5%. Agency zabasebenzi isetyenziswa Latin America. Kumazwe aseYurophu, ubuninzi yabasebenzi ezihonjiswe outstaffing - abantu abaselula abaneminyaka ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-30, baqeshwe kwizithuba ezisezantsi abanezakhono. Noko ke, i-US, abasebenzi emboleko - kukuthi, njengokuba umthetho, abantu kwiminyaka abaqolileyo ngakumbi. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba outstaffing njengoko zesiganeko inzondo ukuphendula nemithetho yabasebenzi abangafezekanga. Kukho abo nembono esahlukileyo, becaphula umzekelo United Kingdom - labour arhente kwenziwa kukho iyasebenza kakhulu, yaye imithetho elawula ubudlelwane phakathi kwabasebenzi nabaqeshi, kakhulu ithambe.

Yini na imibutho

Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba umsebenzi arhente, umthetho wokuvalwa abadlulayo eRashiya, kufuneka ukuba sisabele kwimeko-bume zemanyano yabasebenzi. Kukho uguqulelo ukuba abameli bemibutho zobungcali laqalisa ingqalelo yalo mthetho. Ukuma amaziko oluntu, iingcali zithi, Kuyaqondakala - abameli ezininzi iimanyano zabasebenzi bakholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwabasebenzi arhente - kuyinto nje sisixhobo ayengazibaxi intsebenzo yenkampani.

Kulo mzekelo, ezi nkcukacha-manani ziza zibonisa ophuculweyo abasebenzi kunye nokunyuka kwemivuzo. Ngenxa yoko kukhetha umnini - yena kakhulu baziswa emarikeni, yaye ukuzoba ingqalelo, umzekelo, abatyali (okanye iibhanki - kunye unikeza mboleko kakuhle). Kwakhona, ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba iimanyano ezininzi aphesheya zichazwe zokuqesha kuyaphi nxamnye, yaye oku ubotshiwe ukuza eRashiya.

umthetho ngabomvu

Phambi imithetho yezabasebenzi izilungiso Russia ngokuphathelele outstaffing, ulwalamano phakathi komqeshwa nomqeshi kwi fomati ukuba basondele imigudu arhente, phantse akukho kulawulwa. Kwaye oku nangona nezihlandlo ukwenzeka kwakujongwa kakhulu ziingcali ezininzi, enkulu. kwimarike yabasebenzi unazo, ngokutsho iingcali zemakethi yabasebenzi eRashiya waqala ukubonakala ukususela ekuqaleni kowama-2000.

Ngo-2004, umzekelo, ngokutsho kwezinye abahlalutyi, imakethi outstaffing eRashiya ngaphaya $ 80 ezigidi. Kangangexesha elide imithetho Russian kwasilela emva kunoogxa babo yaseYurophu kwimiba kumgaqo yabasebenzi unazo. Oku kuqulathe ukungaqiniseki ukuba abasebenzi, kwelinye icala, kubonakala ukuba usebenza, kodwa ezinye - hayi ncam ngaphakathi imo njengesiqhelo.

Kukuphi esalelweyo umsebenzi-arhente?

Imbali uyazi izibonelo ezininzi, xa izizwe zehlabathi lamkele imithetho labour arhente kunye iifomathi ubudlelwane phakathi abaqeshi kunye nabasebenzi, kufutshane outstaffing. Umzekelo, kwi-US ngo 1934 oko vala ngokusemthethweni arhente zengqesho (nangona ixesha elide - iminyaka emi-3). Ngowe-1948, le miqathango yaqaliswa kwakhona, kwaqhubeka kusebenza de 1997 ,. Umsebenzi Agency (ngaphandle kolwazi oluthile zamacandelo) esalelweyo eTurkey. E Namibia, umdla ngokwaneleyo, lo mthetho kudala wacinga ukuba benze ntoni outstaffing. Ngo-2007, umsebenzi-arhente kweli lizwe laseAfrika yavalwa, kodwa ngo-2009 wavunyelwa kwakhona.

Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba imeko ayide ikwazi ngaphandle eRashiya. Ngoku, xa outstaffing wavalwa, kusenokubakho abadlali kwimarike, bengonwabanga kakhulu le miba, kunye result ukuba mthetho ungenza bakuthembe. Ezinye iingcali nabo bakholelwa ukuba, ukongeza abasebenzi phandle, kukho ezinye iintlobo ezininzi zengqesho, apho kuya kuba mnandi kulungelelaniswa kwinqanaba imithetho yase.

Le ubumbaxa yomthetho

Kukho iingcali, yaye olu guqulelo kukuba abasebenzi arhente kungavumelekanga ngurhulumente kuphela inxalenye - ngakumbi ke, wagqiba, nangona ngokupheleleyo. Ngaloo ndlela, lo mthetho wabanika-nxaxheba somxholo we ithuba ukusebenza ngendlela oluphucukileyo, njengoko kuthelekiswa yokunqongophala ummiselo osemthethweni ngaphambili. Lamkele isenzo esemthethweni kuvumela ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi yabasebenzi abasebenzi ukuba abaqeshi uyalela okwexeshana kwenye i-ofisi okanye enye isixeko (ngokungqinelana neSiqendu 351,3 ye-LC RF). Enye imeko - ingcali, ekhutshwe kwi iqumrhu elisemthethweni enye, bakwazi ukusebenza phezu komnye ukuba inkampani yokuqala lilawulwa yesibini (okanye ngokuphendululekileyo).

Lo mthetho ukwachaza ukuba kwezinye iimeko, kuyilo ubudlelwane yabasebenzi kwi outstaffing format kumele kuthathelwe ingqalelo izimvo imanyano yabasebenzi - umdla kwi izakhiwo data arhente yabasebenzi sesitshilo ngasentla. Umzekelo, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukuba inani labasebenzi outstaffing kule nkampani - ngaphezu kwe-10 ekhulwini abasebenzi.

sezomthetho yomqeshi

UMthetho labour arhente, okanye mandithi izilungiso kwi-Code Labour (nje ekuhlaleni zoshishino sele ikwazile ukuhlawula amagama, leyo singaqondanga yenza esi senzo osemthethweni njengento ezimeleyo), uchaza leekhrayitheriya imbopheleleko lomqeshi kwiindawo ezinxulumene outstaffing. Umzekelo, umsebenzi-arhente kufuneka isetyenziswe kwiingingqi mna kunye neeklasi II ingozi, kumsebenzi eziyingozi, ngokunjalo inzuzo buqu, umzekelo, kuba ukufumana nayiphi na ilayisenisi okanye olunye uxwebhu yogunyaziso. Imiqathango amagosa mboleko lomvuzo kufuneka engabumbeki kwabo abaqeshwa abasisigxina.