Satellite Mars - ukoyika?

Mars, uthixo ithwala igama imfazwe, iye Hewana kunye negama efanelekileyo: Deimos (in translation - "yokunqakulisa") kunye Phobos ( "uloyiko"). Of umdla kakhulu na isathelayithi yokuqala Mars, izazinzulu abanomdla kwi-s 70 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Benze babeka phambili malunga ngemvelaphi nentlama, bafanelwe, ubuncinane, incwadi esinzima 'a la fiction "). Lithethe ityala ngokwakho ...

Izangqa Space kwi US kunye lalisakuba yiSoviet Union ziye zacebisa ukuba Phobos, satellite Mars, akukho nto ngaphezu njengoko zenza into, isithuba station ukulwa, wafukama phezu yiplanethi ofileyo ebomvu, njengesikhumbuzo eyoyikekayo zemfazwe isithuba kanye kwenzeke.

Isiphakamiso abekwa phambili emva kwizifundo zokuqala Phobos kwangaxeshanye, kwiyunithi 70 zophando American phantsi kwegama "Viking". Imifanekiso ndizuze ingqalelo akukho bani. Ekuqaleni Zange ndihlawule ... Yintoni emidla phambi component esisixa ubukhulu km 28 kuphela? Ngokutsho imigangatho gallakticheskim le satellite Mars yaba yenkulungwane kuphela nokhozo kwentlabathi. Kodwa emva kokuba Ufundo ngakumbi kwiindawo ezivulekileyo, nto leyo eyabangela wothuka phakathi zesayensi abantu. Nciphisa isisombululo yokuthathwa bavunyelwe ukuba siqwalasele ... kubekho udederhu yimingxuma. Ngaphezu koko, chain Wasolula kwimigca emibini zicocekile, ngqo. Ngeenkwenkwezi kubangelwa lo msebenzi wokuqala mlilo, becaphula umzekelo kwenyanga. Satellites, ngokutsho kwithiyori yabo, imigca yimingxuma ukwandisa umzila engumzekelo iiplanethi. Kodwa nokucingela Phobos, wawancamisa ekuhleni ngokucacile, ngokusebenzisa yimingxuma zayo akhiwe phantse aa Incopho ukubhabha umendo satellite.

Enye ingcamango fantastic indawo ngomnye. Okokuqala wagqiba ukuba yesathelayithi kunokwenzeka umsebenzi mlilo, kodwa oku kubonakala kungenakwenzeka: Phobos ubungakanani okungenamsebenzi! Emva koko wenza kwesizindlo ilandelayo: i-satellite ke olufumana awe esibhakabhakeni. Kodwa ngu ke zawa oko amandla makahlatywe kakuhle, ukwakha rovnenkie chain?

Satellite Mars wawurhola ingqalelo Iosifa Shklovskogo, ezisemajukujukwini eSoviet, oye wagqiba ukwenza izibalo ze Phobos motion. Kwaba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, eli Isantya ngosuku - igophe elipheleleyo abathathu orbit! ngesantya ukujikeleza elingaphezulu kakhulu izinga Mars. Ingqikelelo alandelayo wayengekho ngaphantsi fantastic: ukugcina isantya esiphezulu Phobos ... kufuneka sibe holoholo. Ngaba ngokwenene kwisikhululo isithuba?

Kakade Ekuveleni 90, eli liyavumelana wahlukene no Air Force Colonel Marina Popovich. Kholelwa ukuba Phobos - satellite ngumntu, kwanyanzeleka ukuba zihlelwe nangoko data evela isixhobo "Phobos-2", endingowakhe eSoviet Union. Ukuze ubone le data baba nzima kakhulu - unxibelelwano wasiza umyeni wakhe uPawulos.

Ngoku abambalwa abantu bakhumbula ukusungulwa izixhobo ezimbini ngamagama afanayo "Phobos-1" analog "Phobos-2". Eyokuqala akazange sokuntingela Mars ngenxa yokwenzakala kwingozi ethile, ngoxa owesibini bafikelela usukelo, kodwa phambi rapprochement kunye uqhagamshelo satellite wamngena ngesiquphe. Noko ke, imifanekiso embalwa ukuze zonke zilawulwa. Enye ifoto elenziwa ngamajelo osasazo laba impahla eqhelekileyo. Kwaba ngokucacileyo ebonakalayo isithunzi okweqanda iphoswe phezu kobuso Mars. Kukho uluvo lokuba kube kanye Phobos, Mars satellite. Kodwa elithi "isithunzi" sabangela ezinye iingcali uncumo sokuthandabuza, kuba ulungile umthunzi kwaba distinguishable ngokugqibeleleyo ngokuthi ikhamera infrared ibekwe kwifowni. Wabekwa ukuba zifake ubukho bezinto thermal. Kodwa, ngokwenkcazelo, nje ayikwazi ube ngumthunzi efudumeleyo. Ngoko ke yintoni na?

Kodwa umfanekiso yesibini (ngasese) ifunyenwe ngokukhawuleza phambi kokuba ilahleko udibaniso. Yaba umfanekiso into elikhulu zezindlu ijinga phezu Phobos. Imilinganiselo eneneni woyikekayo: 1.5 km ubukhulu kunye km-20 ubude! Marina Popovich uyicingileyo ekutshatyalalisweni into, "Phobos-2", ukuthintela amathuba izifundo satellite. Kwathi kanye xa umatshini lucwangciswe yokulinganisa phezu kobuso Phobos.

Enye isiqinisekiso yokuba umntu gqolo kuphazamisa ukufunda, kwaba ngowe-1993 Ngesizathu esithile, ngoAgasti 22 kuloo nyaka, ngesiquphe yaphela losasazo kwelinye icala, i-American izixhobo "Mars mkhanyo", apho ibekwe komzila umhlaba iMars. Satellites nto zisafundwa.

It ngo ukungaphumeleli, kwaye uzama kunyaka ophelileyo ukuze uqalise "Phobos-ibhodle".

Mhlawumbi umnqamlezo yabekwa ixesha lokwenza uphando. Kodwa kukho ithemba elisezantsi-mali NASA kaThixo "Mars Global Umlinganisi" yaye "Mars Atfaynder" enza iimephu eneenkcukacha Mars. Noko ke, abazange ndiqalile ukufunda Phobos. Yintoni na? Inkolelo? Okanye United States ulwazi ubanyanzele ndedeba kuphando?

Kukho ezinye iinguqulelo imvelaphi Hewana: Phobos kunye Deimos inokuba kwesiphumo ntlekele yesiqalo. Asteroids thile yawela komzila Mars wahlala entsimini omxhuzulane. Okanye mhlawumbi, Phobos yinxalenye Mars? Kodwa ukuba ubuncinane enye iinguqulelo ezintsha, kuyimfuneko ukucima zonke iinguqulelo angaphambili idatha ...