Ngempahla - kakhulu mihla

Ngempahla - yenye yeentlobo ezininzi mandulo kwezithuthi phakathi kwizizwe ezahlukeneyo kuqala, uze emva koko amaqumrhu karhulumente. Olu hlobo urhwebo kulingana ngexabiso exchange yendalo kwempahla ngaphandle izibalo zemali. Ngempahla transaction, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo countertrade, singabandakanyi eyongeziweyo imali ngenxa bethenga.

Ukuze balwe urhwebo ziquka ukuthenga counter, tolling (imisebenzi tolling) ukubuyekeza kunye nentlawulelo intengiselwano izixhobo eziphelelwe lixesha. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo unaniselwano - kuqikelelwa, kodwa imali-free ngokupheleleyo exchange kwempahla. Le ulingano zezi ntengiselwano kumiselwa ngokusekelwe amaxabiso zehlabathi, eziye zavela kule kwicandelo ngawo ngelo xesha.

Imvumelwano unaniselwano - ndikuxelela kabini isivumelwano lokuthengisa amagama afanayo kunye nemiqathango emalunga izohlwayo, iimeko-inshorensi, amandla majeure njl Sele kwimbulambethe sivumelwano okukhulu eyahluke ukusuka isivumelwano weemvumi, kuba esi sibini asikwazi kufikelela anokuchazwa "umthengi" yaye "Umthengisi", yaye ngokufuthi obizwa ngokuba "komthengi 1" kunye "komthengi 2" okanye "Party 1" kunye "Party 2". Amabango ukuze kuphunyezwe isivumelwano nazo isiqu kuphela izinto ezongezelelweyo imveliso. Ngoko ke, ukuba omnye kwabo baxhobisa ngolwandle emva kwexesha iimveliso zawo ngokungqinelana imvumelwano, kuya kufuneka ukuba ahlawule umonakalo kwelinye icala kwiikota yorhwebo. Ekubeni imveliso emakethe zomhlaba kuyahlukana ngokuya eluncedo, ukusweleka kunye neendleko, ngoko eli ratio kufuneka ekuqaleni ibalwe ngononophelo kwaye ebhalwe kwisivumelwano.

Ngempahla - olu hlobo yorhwebo, apho kungenxa yokwanda ezi zinto zilandelayo kwiimeko mihla:

1) ukungabi kuyimfuneko ukuze intengiselwano kwemithombo exchange angaphandle amaqela;

2) limited kunye noluhlu lo uluhlu lweemveliso ezivenkileni.

Ngempahla uyakwazi ukusombulula ezi ngxaki le nkampani ze uvumele ukuba ukungena kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe, nto leyo ngokubanzi kunempembelelo entle nenzuzo yayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa unaniselwano kunye enxulumene inani kobunzima ukuba ube nefuthe elibi kwi imeko yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe. Kulo mba, itshata ye WTO, iintengiselwano unaniselwano ezingabandakanyi zokuhlala ezongezelelweyo zemali phakathi umthengisi kunye umthengi abavumelekanga.

Ngempahla - luhlobo lorhwebo, ukusetyenziswa leyo ekhokelela iingxaki. Ezi ziquka understating ixabiso amasiko yempahla, ekhokelela ubunzima iirekhodi nezithethe zabo ekudibaneni kwe-imida kakumkani lombuso. Oku sigqwethe manani kurhwebo lwangaphandle, yaye ngoko echasene ingqikelelo yorhwebo evulekileyo kwaye uthintele yinkululeko lobudlelwane zorhwebo. Kodwa ezinye iintlobo countertrade evunyiweyo ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kwiinethiwekhi ze-maphepha WTO. Umzekelo, ngaphandle kwembuyekezo iimveliso eziphelelwe ngemoto iinkampani kwindawo yanamhlanje ukhuphiswano nje kwakungayi yasinda. Ukongeza, umboleki mihla, ingakumbi kwi-West, ngakumbi nangakumbi uzimisele ukubonisa inkxalabo yabo kokusingqongileyo, njengoko iinkampani zama ukuba baxhamle kwesi.