Nenguquko - yintoni na le nto? Technology kunye neentlobo nenguquko

Nenguquko - kuba yinxalenye yobomi bale mihla kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho. Yintoni unobangela wayo, iimpawu kunye neziphumo kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Ingcamango nenguquko

Ikukugayela elithi - kubolekwe ingqiqo IsiNgesi. Kuthatha igama layo ukusuka emnyango wesakhiwo - yokulinda, yaye ngokuqhelekileyo lithetha "indawo yokulinda". Kulapho ezopolitiko udibane nazo abasemzini, ungabona ngayo izinto zakho uze ufumane le ndawo. Kwinkqubo yezopolitiko ngu izicelo ngokwemveli kakuhle indlela ntshukumo epalamente ngenjongo ukwamkelwa okanye ukwaliwa komthetho eziyimfuneko.

Ngokwengqiqo ebanzi ye intshukumo eyaziwa Chartists (abasebenzi, ixhasa zokwamkelwa Charter) eNgilani kwakhona ngokuba izicelo, kodwa kuphela umahluko ukuba uxinzelelo esemthethweni ngamandla ummeli uluvo loluntu asinto nje iqhelekileyo, kodwa kuluncedo. Ngelishwa, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kokufuna zikhula ehlabathini namhlanje, nto leyo iza kuchazwa ngokuthi zolwaphulo-mthetho engenakwenzeka. Ngaphandle nenguquko iye kakhulu kwandiswa lentsimi yayo imisebenzi ukuze iquke kwi imihlaba komdla abameli zombini elilawulayo kunye neejaji.

Izizathu nenguquko

Ukukhuthazwa kunye nokukhuselwa iimfuno zamaqela zoqoqosho ezithile kwiPalamente ngenxa yokuba ukuxhomekeka elonyukileyo kwezigqibo ngurhulumente, uphuhliso kunye nokuxhasa abo okanye ezinye amashishini kuqoqosho.

Nenguquko - oku ayisiso isenzeko esitsha. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kwatyatyamba eNgilani kwiinkulungwane eziliqela eyadlulayo. Namhlanje, kumazwe amaninzi - yinto umsebenzi osemthethweni, nto leyo ebandakanyekileyo zombini iingcali abangatshatanga, yaye yonke inkampani. Bona ngayo iqela osomashishini bafumana iingcebiso babe nabameli elilawulayo kunye namasebe zomthetho.

kombono ngqo

Akhoyo ubuchule nenguquko zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu. Eyokuqala iindlela ngqo ukukhusela umdla noqoqosho ngqo, nolwalamano olusondeleyo tipolitiki. Kusenokuba iintlanganiso zobuqu okanye ukutyelela iifemu wezopolitiko, iibhanki, imiboniso, imveliso, umbutho eentlanganiso zoshishino, iisimpoziya, iinkomfa zonke iintlobo.

nenguquko ngqo lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukudluliselwa kolwazi ethile ekufuneka ukweyisa mthetho ukuba ukwamkeleka okanye ukwaliwa asemthethweni izenzo, iimviwo kunye nophando. Kulo mzekelo, umsebenzi ophambili - ukuba beyiseke abezopolitiko kwi iqela ngoncedo ukuxabana kakhulu kwaye ufumane inkxaso yabo ngohlobo izigqibo ezithile zikarhulumente kunye nokuba imigaqo-nkqubo.

iintlobo engangqalanga kokufuna

Ngokungafaniyo izicelo ngqo, engathanga ngqo kwenzeka ngokungangqalanga, uphambuke ezintethweni qhagamshelana lobuqu abapolitiki ekunene. Ukuze sibe nokumiliselwa kufuneka ubuchule kungekho ngaphantsi, uhlalutyo imeko yezopolitiko kunye noqoqosho. Le mbambano lokuqala kolu hlobo lomsebenzi, Kakade ke, eendaba. Akumangalisi eendaba kuthiwa yesine isebe likarhulumente. Ukusasaza ulwazi ngendlela efanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa amajelo eendaba mass luchaphazela becala uluvo loluntu nokwakha lokuqonda koluntu. Ngoko ke kukho ukwanda bayinto uxinzelelo abezopolitiko ukufikelela kwiziphumo ezilindelekileyo. Oku kwenzeka ngokungangqalanga, ngaphandle koxinzelelo ngqo okanye iinkolelo zobuqu. nenguquko oluphucukileyo - oku khangela namahlakani abo nomdla kwisiphumo kwimeko kwaye makancedise xa ukumelwa izinto ezifanayo, ukudala imibutho yasekuhlaleni, njl Kwi-West, kombono ithathwa njenge njengenxalenye ngqo oluntu esikhusela kurhulumente kunye nokufuna iimfuno zoluntu .. iyolala kutshanje.

isithunzi kombono

Konke oku kungentla luphawulwa imilo, esebenzisa apho semthethweni, ogunyaziswe ikukugayela karhulumente. Le ndlela leyinene ngayo iNkampani owasixolelanisa naye, baze bafunde kuyo ukwenza imali.

Kodwa ke kukho iindlela ezisekelwe ukusetyenziswa kweendlela-mthetho. Ngokubanzi ukuthetha, zibizwa isithunzi. Ezi ziquka ihlebo, izisongelo, uxinzelelo kwaye, kakade, urhwaphilizo. Kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba lobbyism oluphucukileyo yakhelwe amandla ukweyisela, nasethunzini ku xanisiwa okanye inzuzo. Akubuzwa ukukhumbuza ukuba yokugqibela kungavumelekanga ngumthetho. Ebomini, nokuba nzima ukubona apho umgca phakathi ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nenguquko osemthethweni. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye States of North America, lobbyists kufuneka abhalise ngokusesikweni amabango abo ezopolitiko. Ngale ikuvumela ukulawula iindlela unenye uxinzelelo ntshaba opolitiko.

Case "Lockheed"

Case "Lockheed" yenye yezona meko Osenyangweni-iprofayili kutshanje, ebonisa indlela ikukugayela mthethweni. Yintoni na? Le scandal ezinxulumene ukuthengwa leenqanawa karhulumente Japanese lenkampani American "Lockheed". Technical iparameters kunye parameters zokhuseleko ngaphantsi kakhulu ukuba abeLungu, kodwa iindleko zabo obelungelelene "yaseYurophu". Kwakutheni ukuze yaseJapan beye into embi kangaka? Ngowe-1976 waba aziwayo ndingqina izinyobo ezinkulu kwabasemagunyeni eJapan, oko kwaziswa isiphumo kwezigidi ezibini zeerandi. Isityholo orhwaphilizo abekwa phambili iNkulumbuso of Japan Tanaka Countries. Walahlwa ngowe-1983, kodwa nangoko umngeni ummangalelwa. yonke inkqubo waze kokufa umrhanelwa, oko kukuthi, de ekuqaleni-imi- 90 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Uninzi umdla kukuba Tanaka kudala emva kokuba iintlawulo inxaxheba kwimisebenzi kwezopolitiko. Esi siganeko yaba ngumzekelo ukusetyenziswa kwe izenzo encyclopaedic nenguquko onomthunzi kwizikhundla eziphezulu amandla.

PR

Enye icandelo PR-nkonzo unoxanduva hayi nje ukunxibelelana noluntu ngokwengqiqo ebanzi, kodwa ngenxa yokusekwa ubudlelane kunye nabasemagunyeni kumanqanaba ohlukeneyo kunye namasebe karhulumente. imisebenzi enjalo ekuthiwa GR-Abaphathi luhlobene nenguquko. Balungiselela iintlanganiso kunye namagosa karhulumente, ukunika umfanekiso zentlalo iiprojekthi zoshishino leenkampani ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye, kakade, bathathe inxaxheba kumaphulo yonyulo, hatching namabhongo ngentsebenziswano lwexesha elide kunye oziphethe. Ezininzi Iinkampani ezinkulu Russian ukususela kwiminyaka yoo-90 baqalisa ukulungiselela amasebe afana kwiinkampani zabo. Kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, igama elithi "lobbyist" alisetyenziswa ngenxa ihlazo umbono karhulumente. Kodwa kukho umahluko umntu PR kunye lobbyist.

Umahluko kwimisebenzi lobbyists kunye GR-Abaphathi

Lobbyist kwihlabathi lanamhlanje - i "igcisa free". Kule ke olwahlukileyo GR-manager, ukusebenza kwinkampani ethile kuhlawulwa. umvuzo wakhe iphezulu kakhulu, njengoko na uhlobo imali okanye ipesenti imicimbi bagqiba. A lobbyist unako ukusebenza kunye nabathengi eziliqela, nto leyo ukhetha ngokwayo nomphathi ikhusela kuphela izilangazelelo phulo lakhe. Kodwa umahluko ezibalulekileyo lobbyist wobugcisa ezinxulumene kwaye efanayo ngumbala yezopolitiko imisebenzi yabo. nazo PR abantu kwenziwa imisebenzi yezoqoqosho indawo yokuqala.

ezinye izigqibo

Nenguquko - yinto ingqiqo ebanzi, apho namhlanje ibonwa njengendlela kwezopolitiko, ogama msebenzi ukuseka ubudlelwane izakhiwo zamashishini ezithile kunye nabasemagunyeni ukuze ukukhuthaza nokukhusela umdla wamaqela kwezoqoqosho.

Nenguquko iyafana imisebenzi emininzi mihla efana njengomcebisi ukuba neentlobano karhulumente okanye Relations Manager. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho ukubhideka malunga nokubhalwe kule kota. I townsfolk ungaqondi nje kobhengezo, into entsha umsebenzi igqwetha. Ezinye iingcali bahlule olu hlobo lomsebenzi njengenye isebe ubugcisa Relations Public (PR). Noko ke, abaninzi abaphengululi bayavuma phezu nkcukacha yokuba nenguquko njenge umsebenzi owahlukileyo, ingakumbi kuqoqosho kwimarike kunye nkulu. amashishini amakhulu kunye neenkampani benomdla ekumiseni amaqhina kunye abezopolitiko, njengoko yokugqibela kunye nabo.

Ukushwankathela: ahla- - ntoni na? bemvisiswano, ndlela-mbini traffic ukuya komnye. Lobbyists kusebenza kuphela njengabalamli, abo ukunceda ukufumana into enivumelana nokuseka abafownelwa.