Nemigangatho Uludwe somntwana ubunzima kunye nokuphakama ukuya kunyaka (WHO)

Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba parameters ubunzima kunye ukuphakama for kid ngamnye ezabo. Bona zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi: ngamnye kunye amafa. I-World Health Organization iye kuqulunqwa imigangatho ethile wokhuseleko, phantsi kwayo "ulungelelanisa" usana. Kwaye kukho ke itafile ekhethekileyo oku. Izinga lokukhula kunye ubunzima umntwana, thaca ngezantsi, kuya kunceda abazali ukuba ukumisela: ezichanekileyo okanye nokuziphuhlisa imvuthuluka.

lusebenze

imithetho Table of ubude kunye umntwana ukuya kunyaka omnye. Oko kukuthi, ukuba yenzelwe ukuba iintsana phantse kuzo zonke kuzalwa. Izalathisi kulo avareji, inxulumana kuphela kudidi abantwana esempilweni. Kucacile ukuba, ukuba umntwana uzelwe ngaphambi kwexesha okanye ugula kakhulu, ekuqaleni iya kuqhubeka kunye noontanga babo. Oku kuya kuthatha ixesha, ngoko ababamba. Ngoko ke, ngoxa abazali ingqalelo izalathi ayikho imfuneko.

Ukongeza, asingabo bonke abantwana table eyenzelwe imigangatho ubunzima komntwana ukuya ubude kunye ngonyaka. WHO ekuqulunqweni kwayo ingqalelo engakumbi uhlanga Caucasoid kunye iimpawu abemi aseMerika. Ngako oko, oku kuxhomekeke ubuzwe: Chinese for kids, ezi ubukhulu kunokuba omkhulu ukuze abantwana abamnyama - encinane kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ubude kunye nobunzima ngabazali, iimpawu ngamnye iimvuthuluka eziphilayo. Nakuba kunjalo, abantu abadala kufuneka ukuba agcine iirekhodi phantsi kolawulo ngexesha ukubona iingxaki kuphuhliso inzala ngayo.

amazinga WHO

Okokuqala, njalo kwi saziso kufuneka ibe ngabazali bomntwana. Ngabo abanoxanduva imeko yempilo wosana olo. Okwesibini, ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani usana kunyaka wokuqala wobomi - umsebenzi udokotela. nyanga zonke kwi basamkele ugqirha oqondela imida kwaye unika ingcebiso umama abatsha kunye notata. ISithethe ubunzima kunye nobude kwabantwana (WHO itheyibhile) - le ndlela ilula kakhulu ethandwa ukujonga ukuba ngaba athunyelwe onke na kakuhle nengane yakho ukuba kufuneka alungise indlela yokutya kunye yesiqhelo yemihla ngemihla. Ukuba ngenyanga omnye umntwana wongezelela kancinane, ungakhathazeki - kwiintsuku ezingama-30 elandelayo wayenethemba "ukubamba up." Kodwa xa ningatyhafi yaye kwiinyanga ezimbini ezidlulileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba babuyele liyincutshe onamava.

Imimiselo ye-World Health Organization zilungiselelwe abantwana kunyaka wabo wokuqala bezelwe. Ngaphandle ubunzima kunye ubude umzimba, zibandakanya imali zentloko usana kunye isangqa kwesifuba sakhe. Xa yobudala ithenda, ezi mpawu zibalulekileyo, ekubeni ingasetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso ngethambo kunye izihlunu nobunzima ebantwaneni. Kule minyaka, nje ukuba kid musculoskeletal wabumba, ngoko, ukuphawula umahluko obuluqilima engumfuziselo etafileni, kufuneka ngoko nangoko ikhalise i-alam.

Index "atyetyisiweyo"

Ingasetyenziswa ukuvavanya imeko ebonakalayo bomntwana. Index "atyetyisiweyo" ubonakalise umgangatho nomthamo namanqatha umaleko ongama. Esi salathisi efanelekileyo xa kwiimvuthuluka kubulawa iinyanga ezintandathu. Kule minyaka, oogqirha kwagqitywa izondlo ngokwaneleyo ufumana kokuphilayo abatsha okanye hayi. Isalathisi ibalwa yi wokubala: achazwe apha ingalo (ngezantsi BCG) phinda-phinda 3 kunye nokongeza kule xabiso, la manani achazwe kwenxalenye ebanzi yomlenze kunye nomthamo womlenze (eliphezulu yesithathu), ukusuka wafumana sum Khupha baby ubude ngeesentimitha. Ngesiqhelo ukufumana inani ukusuka 20 ukuya 25 Ukuba isiphumo asezantsi, oko kubonisa ukunqongophala umntwana atyetyisiweyo, ukuba ngasentla - ngokoyena kratya amandla.

Khumbula ukuba kubalulekile nje kuphela umlinganiselo inzuzo ubunzima kunye nokukhula umntwana: itafile ithatha ingqalelo ubungakanani intloko kid. Kakade ke, la manani achazwe ukakayi inokuba kuba ngumntu. Nangona kunjalo, ukwanda ngokukhawuleza ngokomthamo okanye, icala, ukukhula kwayo kube buqapheleke abonisa iingxaki ezinkulu ezinxulumene ezimbi ezahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo kubalwa yinto yamihla le

Oku kusekelwe ubunzima avareji ezisanda kuzalwa kunye neengcali, imigaqo itafile ubunzima umntwana ukuya kunyaka ubude. UMbutho Wehlabathi Wempilo uchaze isiqalo ubunzima ukusuka apho ukutyhalela off ekumiseleni ubunzima bomzimba eqhelekileyo wosana. Ngokutsho oogqirha, umgangatho le wayedla-3 100 grams. Ukuba lwakukhula ngenyanga yokuqala yobomi kufuneka ngokwesiqhelo ukuzuza 600 grams, ngumlingani ibalwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo: 3100: 600 = 5.67. Yiyo le njalo, kufuneka usebenzise zokubala ngamnye.

mixture Masithi wazalwa ezinobunzima-3 kg. Ukuze ubone indlela kangakanani kufuneka utsalele umnxeba ukuze uqalise iintsuku ezingama-30 yobomi, kufuneka ubunzima bomzimba lahlulwe esingaguqukiyo: 3,000: 5.67 = 530. Oko kukuthi, leyo yindlela grams kakhulu kufuneka abone umntwana ngenyanga yokuqala yobomi. Qaphela ukuba le ndlela ngeke isetyenziswe kwiintsana uzelwe ngaphambi kwexesha, okanye abo utyebile. Amanani, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba etafileni ngemigangatho ubunzima umntwana ubude, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ayalingana. Kuphela ugqirha onamava Ungabala indices ngamnye ngokukodwa kwimeko yakho.

Table ubude iintsana ubunzima

Ibonisa indlela kufuneka kongezwe esesi kunyaka wabo wokuqala bezelwe. Ngelo ubunzima enye ukuphakama ukuba amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana ngokufanayo, kodwa ke umthamo esifubeni kunye nentloko ehlukanisiwe. Isizathu kukuba ubunzima abalinganiswa ngesondo kunyaka wokuqala wobomi, umzimba Akukhathaliseki, endaweni ichaphazela la manani achazwe amalungu omzimba ngenxa iimpawu komzimba yento ephilayo.

Kubonakala ukuba usana lwakho kunyaka wokuqala wobomi kufuneka ziziphelele ngeekhilogram 7 200 grams kukhula ku ngokweesentimitha-25. Ngokumalunga achazwe apha entloko kunye isifuba, netafile ibonisa amanani ekrwada.

ukukhula

Njengoko ubona, ukukhula lixakeke ubunzima wosana ubude kwaye waphawula kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zobomi. Ke ngcembe uyehla uye kuma lusebenze. ukukhula nosana kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ingakumbi leyo yofuzo. Ukongeza, loo nto ichaphazele usana yelo ethile isini, ubuzwe, kwaye umgangatho nobungakanani lwesondlo koomama. Ubude ofileyo abantwana ezisandula kuzalwa ngokuqhelekileyo isusela ukusuka iisentimitha 45 ukuya 55. Kakhulu pipsqueak olunzulu ezikhulayo kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala - phantse-3 cm nyanga zonke. ukukhula ngakumbi kuyancipha: ukusuka 3 ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6 - 2.5 cm, nge-6 ukuya ku-9 - iisentimitha-2. Xa ngonyaka umntwana "Bandulukile" yi iisentimitha-25, ubude bakhe ngu-75 cm.

Emva koko ubunzima kunye nokukhula eguqulwe kancinane izinga lo mntwana. Table iminyaka 2 uya kukhangela ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, phakathi kwisiqingatha sonyaka ekukhuleni komntwana 82 cm, iminyaka emi-2 - 88 cm 2.5 - 93 cm, ngowe-3 - 97 cm, iminyaka 3.5 - 101 cm kunye nangaphezulu. umahluko kuvumelekile - iisentimitha 6 omnye yaye kwelinye icala.

ubunzima

Iindlela ngalo uyakwazi ukubala ubunzima olufunekayo kwiimvuthuluka, lukhulu. Ngenxa yoko, kwiinyanga zokuqala ezintandathu yobomi usebenzisa ifomula ilandelayo:

komzimba = ubunzima ekuzalweni (g) + 800N, apho N - inani leenyanga.

Ke isantya ukutyeba lifinyele, ukuze equation ubanzima kakhulu ngakumbi:

ubunzima Initial = birthweight 800 + 6 x (ukunyuka ngexesha kwisiqingatha sokuqala) + 400 (N-6) apho N - inani leenyanga (6 ukuya kwi-12).

formula lula kungancitshiswa ukuya nkqubo ilandelayo: ngeenyanga ezintandathu ubunzima avareji komntwana - 8200 g, kuba zonke iinyanga ezalandelayo kongezelelwa 400 g, yaye zonke "extra" ukuba ususe kwi 800 Mass - ngokomzekeliso olutshintshayo. Abantwana abazelwe ubunzima ngakumbi, yonke kunyaka wokuqala wobomi kuvela oontanga ezinkulu. Nabani na ke ngaphambi kwexesha, ileqeka nabanye abantwana ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2. Ngokumalunga uphuhliso ngakumbi, imithetho etafileni ubude kunye umntwana ukuya kwiminyaka 3 ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Iminyaka enye enesiqingatha ubudala inobunzima obumalunga 11 kg kwiminyaka-2 - 12.2 kg, 2.5 - 13.3 kg 3 - 14 , 3 kg, 3.5 - 15 kg. umahluko avumelekile - 2.5 kg.

Ukuba into engahambanga kakuhle ...

Abazali kufuneka ukwazi oko umlinganiselo ubunzima kunye nokukhula kwabantwana. Table, amantombazana namakhwenkwe, ezo ezahlulwe kuphela izangqa libonisa ukuba ubunzima bona ekuqaleni kunokuzuza efanayo - kungakhathaliseki sex. Ukuba iinyanga ezintandathu kwanda uhamba esebenzayo, ngoko ke lifinyele. Isizathu ilula: emva kweenyanga ezi-6, abantwana baqala ukuhlala phezulu, lonwabu uhambe. Ngako oko, liyigqibele calories ngakumbi namandla, kunye eekhilogram ngaphantsi yafaka. ukwanda encinane kakhulu ibonisa ukungondleki. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ngxaki kwenzeka kwiintsana: umama anganikezwa kuncitshiswa secretion ubisi lwebele. Ukugqiba ukuba ngeendlela ezimbini: ukukhuthaza imveliso mali ezongezelelweyo kwimixube lulwelo okanye yokondla entanjeni nosana.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umzimba kwakhona uzisa engxakini. imithetho Uluhlu yokondliwa umntwana ubude ibonisa ukuba kunyaka omnye iintsana ubudala kufuneka nobunzima-10 kg. Ukuba amanqaku ezi-2 okanye ezi-3 kg, ukuba kunzima ukuhamba, ukhase, ukuhamba, ukubaleka. Ezi imvuthuluka ezisengozini negazi, kuba umkhuhlane ithatha ixesha elide nzima. Ukutyeba ngoyena bavame ukubonakala xa umntwana ibhotile-ukutya.

Yintoni ufune?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, amantombazana akhule ngokukhawuleza amakhwenkwe. Ngoko ke, imithetho etafileni ubude kunye umntwana samiliselwa ngokungaphelelanga modified: usana ukuziqonda ngakumbi kancinane nje kumlinganiselo esisigxina. Akukho mfuneko ukuba angakhathazeki. iingcebiso zobugqirha iyafuneka kuphela xa unxaxho ebalulekileyo kakhulu. Emva kokuzalwa lwakukhula kufuneka ukuchonga isiseko apho uya ukwenza izibalo zabo. Kulo mzekelo, abayi ubunzima usana xa luzalwa, kunye kwiimvuthuluka kakhulu emzimbeni ngexesha yokumpompoza - emva kokuhlala esibhedlele waba yindoda nje ukubhitya encinane, nto leyo eqhelekileyo nokomzimba.

I ekhulile umntwana iba, kokukhona yokusebenza yayo elungelelaniswe, masisondele umgangatho eyamkelekileyo. Kakade ke, ukuze abe noburhalarhume le matinee enkulisa ukuba ezikoo, unyana ngentla kwentloko yakhe. Ungapheli amandla. Ukuba lwakukhula siphilile, esebenzayo, bagcine yemihla ngemihla kwaye kakuhle yayigcina, ukuba ukhathazeke kufuneka ibe nguwe.