Macrolides - antibiotics / iimpawu Jikelele kunye nesicelo

Macrolides - nemithi, ubume apho kutyhilwa iringi lactone macrocyclic. Zabo kuxhomekeka kwinani athom carbon ezahlulwe sisithuba 14-membered (clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin), 15-membered (azithromycin), i-membered 16 (josamycin, midecamycin, spiramycin). Ezi izinto kakhulu esebenzayo malunga nezinambuzane intracellular (chlamydia, mycoplasma, Legionella, Campylobacter) kunye cocci Igram-HIV (aureus, piogenez). Macrolides - antibiotics lilungu le khompawundi okungenani ayityhefu.

Kutshanje kuye kwakho ukwanda amagciwane ukuya inyathelo le iklasi iziyobisi. ubungqina lwezenzululwazi lubonisa ukuba kwezinye iimeko macrolides-16-membered (midecamycin, josamycin, spiramycin) agcine umsebenzi nxamnye streptococci pyogenic kunye pneumococci, ukumelana-membered 14 (clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin), yaye-membered 15 (azithromycin) amayeza. Macrolides - iziyobisi ukuthobela ukubola komqala kunye pertussis, Legionella, Campylobacter, Moraxella, Listeria, chlamydia, spirochetes, mycoplasmas, ureplazmu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Cya ubandakanyeka Pseudomonas kunye Enterobakteriatsea babe nokumelana zendalo zonke macrolides.

indlela isenzo

Iziyobisi kweli qela iphula biosynthesis of kwiiproteni ribosomes leeseli abe nenkani. Macrolides - nemithi, nto leyo ebonisa nemiphumo bacteriostatic. Xa kunikwa amathamo ubuninzi ukubonisa umsebenzi bactericidal nxamnye pneumococcus, ukubola komqala kunye pertussis. La machiza kwakhona ukubonisa isiphumo immunomodulatory kwaye anti-ukudumba.

La machiza sele ifunxwe gastro-wamathumbu phecana, ifuthe lwazo adsorption ye xi kweziyobisi bioactive inxaxheba kumalungiselelo, ifomu idosi, ngokunjalo kukho ukutya kunye nemali yayo. Ukutya kunciphisa kakhulu bioavailability of erythromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin kunye medikamitsina, kunye phantse nafuthe bioavailability le spiramycin, josamycin kunye clarithromycin.

Macrolides - nemithi, ogama xiyimiso xa plasma usezantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa amalaphu. Ngoko ke nazo ngokuba antibiotics zeethishu. isizukulwana esitsha macrolides ngokulula ukubophelela iiproteni plasma. Ngezinga eliphezulu protein plasma nomphetho yabonakala rodomiksinom (90%), lo uphantsi - kunye spiramycin (ngaphantsi kwama-20%). Amachiza macrolide zabiwa kakuhle kakhulu kulo umzimba, ukudala xiyimiso ubuninzi kwizigqeba ezahlukeneyo kunye namalaphu. Kulula ukungena ngokusebenzisa iseli inwebu, ukudala olwenzeka ebekiwe intracellular.

Iimveliso pathways lithathwe ikakhulu ukusuka duct nomchamo. Emva kokuba nokusebenzisa imithi kunokuba side effects nje intloko, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, urhudo, ubuthathaka jikelele, umkhuhlane, negazi. Antibiotics uthe iqela elawulwa nezifo ezosulelayo eliphezulu (sinusitis etsolo, tonzillofaringit streptococcal) nolusezantsi (inyumoniya Nedlac, iphika esinganyangekiyo) ngokuma, pertussis, isifo somqala omhlophe, negcushuwa, chlamydia, lymphogranuloma venereum, periostitis, periodontitis, amaqhakuva kakhulu, kampilobakterioznom gastroenteritis, toxoplasmosis cryptosporidiosis.

It ayinqweneleki ukumisela ezi antibiotics ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Lahamba ukuzabalaza nefuthe elibi clarithromycin ekukhuleni kosana olungekazalwa. Josamycin, spiramycin kunye erythromycin musani kuba yingozi ekukhuleni kosana olungekazalwa, ukuze zingasetyenziswa nkqu ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Azithromycin ngexesha isetyenziswa kwimeko yonxunguphalo. Uninzi ichiza-macrolide engena ubisi sikanina. Ngethuba ibele lingcono ukuba siphephe ukusetyenziswa kwale ntsholongwane.