Kwayala yi Sokurov uAleksandr Nikolaevich: engobomi, ubomi yakho, PIU

Sokurov Aleksandr Nikolaevich - Soviet kwaye Russian ngumlawuli umboniso, nomdlali kunye screenwriter, Makazizukise Art Worker, Abantu Umculi eRashiya. Anakho inzulu, owomeleleyo kakhulu unesiphiwo. umsebenzi wakhe brilliant kuye amkelwa kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini, kodwa bhanya kwilizwe iinkosi badla ngokukhawuleza abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kulo. Complex, ngokufuthi usithe, kodwa akukho mntu ngaphantsi abanetalente. Namhlanje, ibali yethu ngalo.

ebuntwaneni

Biography bhanya uqala countdown yakhe Juni 1951. Le nkwenkwe wazalelwa kwingingqi Irkutsk. Uyise Alexander Nikolayevich yaba emkhosini, waza wathumela indoda ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelo lizwe. Kwezi ziganeko zobomi bakhe ukhumbula Alexander Sokurov. Usapho rhoqo edlula kwiindawo ngeendawo. Childhood omncinane Sasa wahamba endleleni - kwakufuneka ukugcina ukutshintsha izikolo, eshiya abahlobo, ukudibana nabantu abatsha. Ubomi waluphosa ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye. Esikolweni Alexander waya ePoland, kodwa iziqu uqeqesho olusisiseko sele Turkmenistan.

Hi ndlela leyi, idolophu, indawo awazalelwa kuyo Alexander Sokurov - Village Podorvikha - ngo-1956 lakhukuliswa ekuqaleni isikhululo Irkutsk kagesi.

Emva esikolweni, uAleksandr Nikolaevich Sokurov wangena mntu ngembali Gorky State University. Kakade phakathi izifundo zakhe lo mfana inzondelelo engakholelekiyo kunye nomdla kuyo yonke into enxulumene ne-TV, ezama ukuphuhlisa ezabo kule ndawo. Ayivelisileyo bhanya kamabonwakude eziliqela, babesebenza ukulungiswa kweenkqubo, ndisiya njengolusebenzayo ngalo umabonwakude Gorky. Ngowe-1974, Alexander waphumelela kwimfundo yaseyunivesithi waza wafumana mbali idiploma.

Cinematography Institute

Emva konyaka, uAleksandr Nikolaevich Sokurov wangena VGIK kwisebe ziqondisa. I-guru movie elizayo wabetha studio AM Zguridi, apho abafundi bafundiswa bamaxwebhu owalathisa, ubuchule movies ethandwayo ngokudubula. Sokurov zokufunda kwakulula, wafaka kwinkqubo yoyilo. Kuba ukufunda ngempumelelo umfana wafumana inkxaso-mali yokufunda ogama Eisenstein. Noko ke, asingabo bonke Ubuthelezi kunye kamnandi. Ubudlelwane phakathi Sokurov kunye nabameli kulawulo Institute, kwakunye neentloko cinema kaRhulumente tsolo yonke imihla. Alexander Nikolayevich kuthiwe anti-yiSoviet, watyholwa icala, imisebenzi yakhe umfundi azikhange zikhunjulwe kwaye zingazange kwamkelwa. Ngenxa longquzulwano rhoqo Sokurov kwaba lula ngakumbi ngokuchanekileyo kwangoko kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukugqiba uqeqesho, ekuhlolweni kuqala yonke into, eneneni, wenza ngo-1979.

Ke kaloku, umfanekiso yokuqala mfundi mlawuli - "Lonely Voice of Man," esekelwe Andrei Platonov, - leyo oluboniswe njengoko umsebenzi njengomsebénzi akuphelekwanga kwabalelwa kwikomiti Institute. Zonke izimvo kufuneka zitshatyalalisiwe, kodwa umfanekiso ngokungummangaliso wasinda - Sokurov nomhlobo weba nje ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina. esondweni kamva ephawulwe mabhaso axabiseke kwimibhiyozo bhanya ngamazwe.

Amanyathelo lokuqala lokudala

Ngoxa umqondisi umfundi Sokurov wadibana screenwriter Yuriem Arabovym, owaba umhleli wakhe emsebenzini kunye ubomi iqabane. Omnye umntu kubomi Sokurov, baye bamkhonza umsebenzi kumlawuli wakhe wokuqala kunye nemibhalo ezilandelayo, uhlatyelwe Tarkovsky.

ifilimu yakhe yokuqala phawu Alexander wathabatha phezu a studio film "Lenfilm", nto leyo 1980 weza ngesindululo Andreya Tarkovskogo. Ngaxeshanye, umlawuli wayesebenza phezu documentary film - kusebenzisana iLeningrad obubhaliweyo Film Studio. Ngokubanzi Sokurov wakuthanda "Mosfilm", naphantsi kwezinye iimeko, angathanda ukuba ukusebenza apho. Noko ke, iimeko abasebenza phantsi kwazo Moscow film studio mlawuli akuthethi ivumelane.

Ndimele ndithi ukuba umfanekiso bt Sokurov kubi abasemagunyeni, yaye simiselwe ixesha elide ukuba alale phezu kwithala - i movie ongakhululwanga kwicandelo lokurenta. Sokurov wayesazi ukuba elite kwezopolitiko ongendawo, waqonda ukuba beqokele ngokubasongela ngogonyamelo emzimbeni, kodwa zange ashiye ilizwe, nangona amathuba abo. "Ndandisoloko khumbula ukuba mna Russian," - wathi Alexander Sokurov. Ubuzwe - kuba kokwabo uhlanga esithile, ubuzwe, ulwimi, isiko kunye ukholo booyise. Kuba hero lweZwekazi looMawokhulu ibali - eRashiya.

PIU

Iifilimu ethatha Sokurov, ungakhululekanga, babonisele intsingiselo efihlakeleyo, nto leyo zingaqondwa ukufunda phakathi kwemigca, hayi okokuqala. Ziye ke kunyanzeleke ukuba bacinge ngenyameko yaye ngokuqhubekekayo kwaye sibone ukuba yintoni maxa wambi akafuni ukubona. Ithathwe ngamanye amaxesha ngohlobo documentary film, maxa wambi ngohlobo ngemizekeliso, zazinjalo into ukufundisa umntu ochaphazelekayo. Ayikho movie eyonwabisayo bephumle namaqhashu kunye nesoda - "Iingxoxo kunye Solzhenitsyn", "Funda yaye kuvalwe Book", "uYise noNyana", "uMama noNyana" bakruthana ukucinga izinto ezinzulu.

Alexander Sokurov - umlawuli, emva apho elinesibhozo bhanya inkalo, iidotyhumentari ngaphezu mathathu, isandi, ukusebenza screenwriter. Ukongeza, kule ncam kitty sokubambela amava. Ngowe-1980, Alexander obekade kwi movie "Umelwe ukuba baphile," Vladimir Chumak. Le ndlela izifundo zomkhosi, edalwe ngokususela kwinoveli Smolyanitsky, simanyene phantsi iphiko layo yonke yokudubula artists zezona ngcali zinetalente ye cinema yiSoviet, kuquka Irina Muraviev, Igor Kvasha, Eugene iziqu Marina Dyuzheva kunye nabanye.

nobudlelwane

Ngo-1980 emva kwexesha, xa umlawuli kuphuhliso creative Aleksandra Sokurova bekusoloko ngeenxa entsha.

Imizobo yakhe, leyo kwasekuqaleni balelwa ukubonisa, ekugqibeleni wenza ukuba abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kulo. Kwaye bona nje nako ukubona umntu eziqhelekileyo esitratweni, kodwa wayeyixabisa amalungu ngelithi kwimisitho bhanyabhanya ezahlukeneyo, kuquka amazwe. Wayala ngokungakhathali wagxininisa ukuba looMawokhulu yakhe - Russia noAlesandire Sokurov, ogama ubuzwe - Russian, khumbula. Ndimele ndithi ukuba thaca emthendelekweni wabulela a Imizobo eziluncedo Sokurov wayalela kwilizwe.

Kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi, ukususela ngo-1980, Alexander omninzi umsebenzi echumayo. Amaxesha amaninzi ngonyaka omnye waba nako ukunika ubomi bhanyabhanya eziliqela. Eyayingqalene kumlawuli ukudubula Sokurov wafundisa wabaqalayo noogxa bethu kwi "Lenfilm" yaba umabonwakude phambili. Bhanya likhuphe uthotho lweenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba "Sokurov Island," apho, kunye nabaphulaphuli wayefuna iimpendulo kwimiba emininzi ngokucindezela; iingxoxo kunye nabaphulaphuli malunga nendawo bhanya kubomi mihla yoluntu.

Ukongeza, Alexander Sokurov wakhokela iinkqubo zesisa kunomathotholo kubantu abatsha.

Yintoni othi "Francophonie"

Enye mfanekiso, nto leyo abachaphazeleka ngqo Sokurov - i movie "Francophonie" - tape kakhulu fresh, eyapapashwa ngo-2015. Lo msebenzi sele amkelwa kwi Venice Film Festival kwaye kakhulu siwagxobhagxobhe eluntwini.

Yintoni othi "Francophonie"? Sokurov wenze umboniso malunga eParis, apho awayephantsi kwamaNazi ngo-1940. Noko indlela engumFrentshi - umalathisi Louvre - kunye waseJamani, wathumela ukuba ukongamela emyuziyam, wenza oko kulindeleke kubo ubengenanzondo - bagcine uqhiphuke umbilini uqokelelo Louvre. "Francophonie" - bhanya ukhwaza ngemfuneko ukugcina amaxabiso zenkcubeko yaseYurophu. Kwaye lwendaba oko abazange ceba, hayi ophefumlelwe iingcinga abstract. Lo mfanekiso, yazeka master bhanya, ibonisa izimvo Aleksandra Sokurova malunga nemeko ekuyiyo ngoku ehlabathini - malunga wengxabano bamaSilamsi siyibambe zamaKristu, malunga yokusondela ngesihelegu elinikelayo, leyo zisenako kuthintelwa. Inkosi uthi eyona nto ibalulekileyo ngoku - ukuqonda aze ngokungxamisekileyo wenze into ethile.

Alexander akazange mathidala ukubonisa indawo yayo sengqondo yayo yonke kwenzekayo ehlabathini namhlanje. Lowo bakholelwa ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba iziseko bobuKristu kunye nezithethe ezixabisekileyo nzima kangaka kwakheka ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, namhlanje ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela. Phantsi ukumelana inkcubeko Muslim - abantu omnye yokugcina, enye indlela eyahlukileyo ebomini kunye nemigaqo ngokubanzi - amaxabiso of the World Old lisenokutshabalala ngonaphakade, ukuba watshona kungena enzonzobileni yize. Kwaye kuyoyikisa. Libhekisela imeko ibonisa umfanekiso "Francophonie".

Sokurov ugxininisa ukuba ngembeko enkulu kubantu benkolo yamaSilamsi, kodwa ekholwa ukuba "thina" nje kubalulekile ukugcina umgama ukusuka kwenye.

Amabhaso namabhaso

Aleksandr Nikolaevich Sokurov - umntu engaqhelekanga. Kunzima ukutsho oko imfihlelo impumelelo yakhe. Uyazi kwaye uyamthanda ishishini, leyo ebandakanyekileyo. Sokurov isebenza ngendlela, ngenkathalo nangokuchanekileyo. Xa amazwi akhe, malunga zombutho, lula ukusebenza. umgaqo-nkqubo wakhe icacile, akukho lugcwele naziphi imisinga ezifihlakeleyo neengqaqa. Ngokwemiqathango bobuchule, Kakade ke, yonke into eyahlukileyo.

Nakuba kunjalo, lo mphathi Sokurov kwingxelo yakhe kwingoma iye iimbasa ezininzi kangaka, nomfuziselo kunye namanqaku, ukuba ekuqaleni kubonakala emangalisayo. imisebenzi yenkosi ngokuphindaphindiweyo ikhethiwe amabhaso kwiminyhadala: umvuzo "Golden Bear" e Berlin Film Festival; Award "Nika" kuba film "Lonely Voice of Man"; Prize le Moscow Film Festival Tarkovsky; Award abagxeki eRashiya kunye yijaji ibhaso esikhethekileyo film "uMama noNyana". Ukuze neembasa zakhe kuqwalaselelwa ibhaso isisombululo ngemizobo film "Russian ityeya" kwi Toronto Film Festival; Ibhaso okhethekileyo São Paulo ukuba igalelo ngokubanzi ukuba cinema; Abahlalutyi Argentina i Film Association Award ngenxa film "Russian Ark"; ibhaso ngenxa "Kuba ulwimi bokuzoba, nto leyo eye yaba negalelo cinema ehlabathini."

Prize State of Russia

Ukongeza kwezi amakishayo, kukho ukuqatshelwa Sokurov njengoko bhanya kunye umntu. Ngowe-1995, Alexander ogama enye abalawuli ikhulu ngeyona cinema zehlabathi; 1997 - Artist abazukileyo Russia.

Ngo-2004, Sokurov wawongwa ngesiqu ye Artist Abantu ngayo eRashiya. Yena ibhaso lokomfuziselo - uMyalelo LaseJapan kunye umnqamlezo igosa ngayo Order of Arts and iiLeta. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo Sokurov saqhotyoshelwa kule Russian State Prize. Ngowe-2014 waba wawongwa Prize State of the Russian Federation endle uncwadi nobugcisa.

Ngokubanzi, lo ncam ukuba umntu pretty abucala - ayifani intliziyo kwintetho intliziyo iintatheli uAleksandr Sokurov. ubomi Personal ifilimu iinkosi - isihloko ivaliwe. Nangona ngamanye amaxesha umlawuli unako ukwabelana ezinye iinkcukacha ubomi bakhe yokudala.

Xa ingxoxo eyodwa Alexander wathetha malunga nokukhutshwa nkqubo Prize State. Kubonakala ukuba le nkqubo inde kwaye iqulathe izigaba ezininzi. Uluhlu lwabafundi ekuqaleni ekuvunyelwene iBhunga iNkcubeko kunye Arts phantsi nguMongameli. Uluhlu ngxoxo, ivoti kubanjwa, yaye ngenxa yoko ke abaviwa eseleyo imvume sikaMongameli. Loo sigqibo inikeza, yaye emva kwethutyana bonke abaviwa bafumane ewonga nqubo. Lo mbhiyozo ulungiselelwe yi basamkele kunye inxaxheba Head of State, abathathi-pre-uzilungiselela lo msitho. Xa amazwi Alexander II, ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kule mcimbi lula - kuba mnandi kakhulu kwaye kuthatha amandla amaninzi.

Ukuthetha izicwangciso zexesha elizayo, umlawuli Sokurov uyakuqonda ukuba impumelelo "La Francophonie" akukho bamkhuthaza ukuba aphumle umxakatho zakhe. Maestro izele ezahlukeneyo zokubhala, kodwa noko ukutyhila iinkcukacha iiprojekthi zabo - besoyika namabhadi kuyo.