Ithambeka, ukuphakama nobubanzi kwindawo oyimfama

indawo Imfama kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni nawuphi na isakhiwo. Le element ithintela nokungena lwamanzi isiseko, yenza ingaphandle epheleleyo yendlu, kwaye rhoqo kudlala indima kunye ecaleni. Le tape kufuneka ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngelo xesha, kukho imigaqo ethile elawula parameters ezifana kobubanzi kwindawo eyimfama ngeenxa zonke endlwini, ukuphakama kwayo ne-engile.

Ziziphi izinto ezikwaziyo yenziwe indawo oyimfama

Amaninzi, le nkalo ibalulekileyo yendlu wenziwe:

• eziphathekayo;
• kuvuleke Iizilebhu;
• luhlalu.

Yenza indawo eyimfama ebekwe ujikeleze lonke sakhiwo. Abanye abakhi bakholelwa ukuba ukuvuselelwa kwendlu idreyini unako ukwenza ngaphandle. Noko ke, le mbono ngokuqinisekileyo engalunganga. Ngokutsho kwimimiselo, kwangobu mzekelo, indawo imfama ithathwa into enyanzelekileyo.

iimfuneko jikelele isniphu

A blind indawo ububanzi kufuneka ibe nendalo ngeenxa zonke endlwini, ufumanise ngezantsi. Ngoku makhe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno jikelele isniphu kule ibaluleke noshowo nasiphi na isakhiwo. Xa eyimveliso indawo oyimfama kufuneka bakhokelwe kakhulu ngemilinganiselo zokwakha ezifana:

• design kufuneka nakanjani ithambeke kwicala ukusuka ekhaya olo lwangaphandle enyameni kwisiseko;
• phakathi indawo iimfama inxalenye kwakufa isiseko sendlu ukuba ushiye umsantsa omalunga 20 mm;
• Feed uya kuba ngokuqhubekayo uhlanganise indlu.

Ukuba zihambelane nezi mfuno kufuneka ibe zomthetho. Kungenjalo, indawo oyimfama akayi kwenza umsebenzi wayo kutsalwe isiseko. Umsantsa usele ukuba kuneqabaka ngaphakathi ngekhonkrithi okanye iteyiphu ithayile ayifakwanga licinezelwe phezu kwesiseko kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ingabi asitshabalalise. Gcwalisa ilunga ukwanda idla intlabathi okanye sealant.

Ngokokwakheka na indawo imfama iqulathe izinto ezimbini eziphambili:

• isiseko, nto leyo enokuthi yenziwe ngesanti, ilitye nakhandiweyo okanye igrabile;
• ingubo esisiseko, umsebenzi ophambili yazo ukuthintela kwii-amanzi inxalenye komhlaba isiseko sendlu.

Ububanzi kwindawo eyimfama ekhaya

Kakade ke, kufuneka ukuba wenze ikhasethi ngokuchanekileyo. Into yokuqala ukugqiba ububanzi balo. Kukholelwa ukuba inkulu ixabiso, ngcono.

Ngokutsho iinkcukacha, ububanzi ndawo uyimfama kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-70 cm, kodwa kungcono ukuba lo parameter ilingana no-1 okanye 1.5 m zokukhethwa kophawu ethile otmostki ububanzi kufuneka bakhokelwe ..:

• ubude uphahla itulo;
• ubume bomhlaba.

Ngomhla kummandla womhlaba lizwe lethu phantse kuzo zonke iindawo inomthamo elungileyo umthwalo yawo. Noko ke, maxa wambi kuyenzeka ukuba kule ndawo ethile ngayo uthambekele ngamandla deformation. Kumaziko anjalo, ngeenxa zonke endlwini idla zixhobisa indawo ebanzi kakhulu imfama (2 m). Ukuba umhlaba olungileyo umthamo umthwalo-ngokuzala, kunokwenzeka ukuba wonge imali nokwakha design kwezi mpawu zingasentla.

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kukhetho lo parameter efana ububanzi bendawo uyimfama, musa ukulibala ukuba ezivelileyo ngaphaya moya ka ezindongeni zendlu, tape uya ubuncinane-20 cm ngaphezu uphahla. Ngaphandle koko, iya osalayo phantsi empompoza amanzi avela eluphahleni.

I angle of utyekelo

Xa ububanzi bendawo imfama ikhethiwe, kunokwenzeka ukumisela engile of ukuthambekela. Olu khetho kwakhona kulawulwa yimimiselo. Ngokutsho SNP, utyekelo kummandla amfamekileyo wophawu okanye zegrabile kufuneka kulingana 5-10% ububanzi balo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba uyilo, umzekelo,-100 cm, eli nani uya kuba ngeenxa 5-10 cm. Pavings of okwelitye okanye igada engile, ngokungqinelana nemigaqo, kufuneka ilingane 3-5% elibanzi kwizalathisi. Enoba kunjalo, musa ukwenza indawo oyimfama nzulu kakhulu. Omkhulu engile utyekelo, okukhona ziya kunikwa ukusuka kwisiseko nesiseko sayo amanzi, ngoko ke, liya lisiba lide isakhiwo ngokwaso.

Ukuphakama kwenye indawo oyimfama

Enoba ububanzi bendawo beemfama isakhiwo, esesiphelweni olungaphandle komhlaba kufuneka bakhonze kwi-5 cm. On ngakwicala le chap, ukuze ukuba eli nani liya kwandiswa yi iisentimitha ezininzi (ngokuxhomekeke engile). indawo Ngamanye amaxesha eyimfama ngaphezu komhlaba ukuze eziphakamileyo ukuziphakamisa. Ngaloo ndlela, kuyenzeka ukuba ulondoloze imali izinto. Noko ke, kungcono ukuba ukwakha kufuphi indlu tape mde. Kulo mzekelo, iya ukhondo amanzi ngendlela eyiyo, kwaye athathe ixesha elide ukuphelelwa.

kufuneka sibe yintoni na ubukhulu

Ngokwemigangatho kufuneka imingxuma phantsi otmostku ubunzulu ukumba ubuncinane-40 cm. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, umhlaba umaleko kwezityalo xa esenza imisebenzi yokomba kufuneka isuswe. Sand ulale phantsi kwe tape ibekwe ngokupheleleyo umaleko udongwe eqinileyo okanye ikalika.

Ngenxa ukwakhiwa kwendawo eyimfama yokuphuhlisa zigunyazisiweyo ukwanda amalungu. Kungenjalo, ngenxa yeenguqu tape lobushushu kutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ngokwemigangatho isniphu ukwanda amalungu kufuneka mayixhotyiswe langutela esingekho ngaphantsi kwe 1.7-2 m. Xa iimbombo ndawo iimfama uzenze kuyimfuneko.

technology lokuvelisa

Ngaphambi kokuqalisa ekwakhiweni kwendawo imfama kufuneka bagqibe wonke umsebenzi, ukuphunyezwa kwayo kunokubangela umonakalo kwi tape. Oko kukuthi, uphahla, uphahla kunye ezo kufuneka sele zifakelwe.

inkqubo yokuvelisa Eneneni yena otmostki kudla ngokuquka izigaba ezininzi:

• iiphegi Indlela zixhonywe emphethweni olungaphandle tape;
• wemba umhadi wecebo isiseko kunye itywina yayo ezantsi;
• uwasasaze kwi wafumana "kumkhombe" inkunkuma (at umaleko sayo kufuneka-15 cm, enyeleni - 10 cm).

Kwixesha elizayo, netheknoloji umsebenzi kuxhomekeke kuhlobo izinto abakhethelwe eyimveliso ndawo eyimfama. Komgodi thela umxube isamente, okanye ngokulungiselela kwinqanaba-3 cm zamafu, ehlahla iithayile nokufakelwa.

Ububanzi kwindawo amfamekileyo SNP kufuneka zibe nkulu ngokwaneleyo. Ububanzi yesi sakhiwo liphantsi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, xa imithwalo ukothuka ngoomatshini strong okanye ibhanti eziphathekayo ngokulula ukuyisonga. Ukuze uphephe oku, indawo oyimfama kufuneka ukuba kuqiniswe. Ukomeleza tape phambi kokuba ngokugalela grout emhadini ukufaka umnatha kunye enemingxuma ka 100x100 mm. Uyakwazi futhi ukusebenzisa intonga, ethangeni wabeka.

Amalunga Ukwandiswa zidla ezenziwe ngamaplanga ezinetha 10-20 mm. Ngelo Inqanaba lokugqibela le-ndawo oyimfama zekhonkrithi kufuneka prozheleznit. Ukulungiselela le njongo, iiyure 1-2 emva ukuthululwa kumphezulu wayo kufuneka ibe 3-7 mm gabhu umaleko lwesamente.

Indlela ukuhlela semibhobho

Amanzi kakhulu kakuhle ukusuka kwisiseko ziya kunikwa kuphela xa ububanzi bendawo beemfama indlu ubuncinane-3 m. Kakade ke, kufuphi izakhiwo zabucala ipoma yoyilo onjalo zinqabile kakhulu.

Amaninzi, abanini izindlu zokuhlala isetyenziswa kuphela livnevki usikhusele kunye nokutsalwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukususwa amanzi ngokwaneleyo ukuba ndimbe ukufana ukuya kwikona engaphandle indawo uyimfama, hayi groove nzulu kakhulu. Ukuze siphephe fraying ngakumbi, kubalulekile ukubeka ukucuthelwa ecaleni ubude ipipi zeplastiki.

Imimiselo emalunga ukuphakama plinth

izinto Ukukhetha le ndawo imfama kufuneka ibe kwinqanaba yokuyila indlu. Into yokuba lo mba apho oku isakhi ixhomekeke kwizibonakalisi ezifana ukuphakama plinth yenziwe. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa izinto nzima kule projekthi kufuneka inike indima ephakamileyo kweli litye lesiseko umphakamo-50 cm. Ngezantsi plinth ukwenza kule meko kukuba akufuneki ukuba imveliso ye ndawo eyimfama. Ngasentla kwe ariya eyimfama eyaphukileyo okanye, umzekelo, clays ukuphakama kwakufa isiseko kunokuba ezincinane. Kulo mzekelo, iya kuba yanele ukuvala plinth-30 cm.

Iintanda kule ndawo oyimfama

Ukuba concrete ekubunjweni tape iteknoloji uya kutyumka kamva kuwo ngokuyimfuneko ukuqhekeka. Shiya ezo ziphene ayikwazi kuba indawo imfama. iintanda Small na othulula umxube ulwelo concrete zilungiswe ratio 1x1 aspect. Wide bayakube kubunzulu lonke, nyulu kunye ezaliswe putty ezenziwe yebhitumene (70%), ash (10%) Iimveliso (15%). kakhulu kakhulu tape intshabalalo enkulu iyapheliswa ngokugalela ukuxubana eziphathekayo.

isiphelo

Ngenxa yoko, sifunyanwa oko ububanzi kufuneka ibe indawo imfama ekhaya kwaye kufuneka into ubude exandekeni. Enoba kunjalo, ukuthobela imimiselo, qiniseka ukuba isniphu ekwakhiweni kwendawo eyimfama. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo inyaniso netheknoloji mveliso i isakhi yesakhiwo. Kungenjalo, le ndawo imfama akayi kwenza umsebenzi kutsalwe isiseko ngempumelelo. Kwaye oku, ke, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuchaphazela ubomi kwinkonzo kwesiseko yokwakha.