Iqonga le-17 leminyaka eRussia. Inkundla yecandelo le-17 leminyaka

Le midlalo iyona butyebi yesiRashiya yesizwe , ebuyela kwikhulu le-17. Kwaye ngoko kwakunjalo ukusekwa kwemigaqo-siseko yeemidlalo eziqingqiweyo kwaye isiseko sale fomu yobugcisa safakwa eRussia.

Imvelaphi yecaterari yaseRashiya

Abantu baseRashiya baye bahlala beyaziwayo ngokuba banako ukuhlukana kwexesha lokuzonwabisa. Ekubeni amaxesha amandulo kunye neemikhosi ziye zaqhutyelwa eRussia, apho abalinganiswa abaphambili bebhobho. Yile ndlela abantu babizwa ngayo ngabaculi, phakathi kwabo beemvumi, abaculi nabadlali.

Ngokuqhelekileyo iimidlalo zesikhokelo zenziwa ngexesha lokuba zihambelane necawa okanye iholide yesizwe. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwexesha, imikhosi inokulungiswa ngaphandle kwesizathu. I-Skomorokhs yayingabantu abangenazo indawo yokukhusela kunye nemali, ngokuqhelekileyo bahlanganisene ngamaqela ahlukeneyo baza baya kwiidolophana nakwiidolophana ukuze bafumane imali. Kwimiboniso yabo, basebenzisa izixhobo zomculo ezahlukeneyo (iibhobho, i-gusli), iimboli, izambatho ezizenzekelayo.

Kamva kamva, abaculi, beza kwisixeko esitsha, bakhe isakhiwo esikhethekileyo kwinqanaba, apho bahlala khona kwaye bafumana ababukeli. Ukwakhiwa okunjalo kwaqala ukubizwa ngokuba yindawo yokuhlala, emva koko zonke iimboniso zentengiso zafumana igama elifanayo. Kwi-repertoire yeentlanzi kwakukho intando yesantlalo, amahlaya, i-ballads, iindaba zefestile.

Kwaye nangona ngokuza kwetheyetha yecala ukuba isimo sengqondo esimalunga ne-farce sasibi kakhulu kwaye sibi, umntu akafanele akhohlwe ngempembelelo yokuba izidlo zaseRashiya zakudala zenziwa ekuvelweni kwetheyetha.

Izinto ezithethwa kwiinkqubo zemidlalo ezavela kwiintsholongwane ezidumileyo

Ekubeni i-theater kwikhondo le-17 e-Russia yayisanda kuqalisa uhambo lwayo olude, amanqaku amaninzi kunye neenkcukacha zathathwa kwii-buffon kwaye zithathwe kwiindwendwe zabantu.

Okokuqala, ezi ziindawo zokudlala. Iholide yokuqala yokuqala yayiyiKhosi lasePoteshnaya, apho ukususela ngo-1613 kumenywe ukuba kuqhutywe iibhokhwe. Ngokombono opheleleyo, loo misebenzi ayinakubizwa ngokuba yindawo yokudlala, kuba babembethe isicatshulwa ngobuninzi beentlanzi kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Okwesibini, kwinqanaba lesigaba. Ngethuba leentetho zabo zahlanganisana nezihlwele ezininzi zabantu, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba babonise iitalente zabo ekuphakanyeni ukuze bonke abantu babone. Isigaba sokuqala sakhiwe ukubonisa ukusebenza komdlalo weephephethi.

Okwesithathu, umdlalo womlomo. I-Skomorokhs yenza imisebenzi ebhalwe ngabantu. Ngaloo ndlela iqhawe elidumiweyo uPetrushka lazalwa.

Inkundla yemidlalo yenkulungwane ye-17

Ngona noTsar Mikhail Fedorovich ngethuba lokulawula kwakhe wacinga malunga nokudala inkundla yemidlalo yenkundla. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphunyezwa kwale ngcamango, iingcali zelizwe langaphandle zazifuneka, kuba kwakungekho nezinye iindawo ezinkulu zokudlala kunye nabaculi baseRussia abakwazi ukukhonza iMelpomene ngesithunzi.

Ngowe-1644, iqela labadlali labafikile eStrasbourg ukusuka eRashiya, eyayilungiselela intetho yayo ngenyanga. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, baxoshwa ezweni.

Inkundla evulelekileyo eRussia ngekhulu le-17 yabonakala phantsi kweTsar Aleksei Mikhailovich. Le ngcamango yavakaliswa nguArtamon Matveyev, inkwenkwe, oye watyelela iYurophu waza wabona uhlobo lobugcisa. Inkundla yokuqala yaseRashiya yekhulu le-17 yaqalisa umsebenzi wayo ngowe-1672.

Umfundisi waseJamani uJohan Gottfried Gregory, kwiimfuno zikaMatyeyev, wabutha iqela labadlali kwiiveki ezimbalwa, ezenziwa ngamadoda kunye namakhwenkwe, kwaye wabanika izifundo kwizifundo zobugcisa. Wabhala kwakhona umdlalo wokuqala ngokusekelwe kwiimbali zeBhayibhile zikaEstere.

Isiteji sangempela socwangco sakhiwe kwidolophana yasePraobrazhensky. I-premiere yenzeke ngo-Oktobha 17. Intshumayelo yahlala iiyure ezilishumi, kodwa i-tsar kunye neenkwenkwezi, kwaye ukumkanikazi kunye nokubuya kwakhe bahlala kude kube sekupheleni.

Ngomnyaka we-1673 isiteyimu sezemidlalo yashukunyiselwa kwi-Kremlin. Umdlali wezemidlalo wayevuzwa kakuhle ngomsebenzi wakhe kwaye wuleza ukuqala ukubhala umdlalo omtsha. Ngeli xesha wabhala ngoJudith, naye usebenzisa isicatshulwa script. Itheyibhile ekhulwini le-17 e-Russia yaba yinto enonwabo yokumkani.

Emva kokufa kukaGregory ngo-1675 ngentloko yenkundla yemidlalo yintlanganiso yayingumncedisi uGivner, owadala iimveliso eziliqela eziphumelelayo. Nangona kunjalo, inkundla yaseRussia yaseshashalazini yekhulu le-17 yaphela ekubeni ngo-1676, emva kokufa kukaTsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Iqonga leSikolo

Iqonga leminyaka ye-17 e-Russia yayisanda kuqalisa ukuphuhliswa kwayo ngokukhawuleza, kubandakanywa namaziko emfundo okomoya. Oku kwenzeke ngokuthatha inxaxheba ebonakalayo yecawa, efuna ukuqinisa isikhundla sayo phakathi kwabantu.

Iimidlalo zokuqala zezikolo zavulwa kwii-Kiev-Mohyla naseSlavic-Greek-Latin academy. Isiseko sencwadi ye-repertoire yayingumxholo kwiingxoxo zonqulo, kodwa kwakukho indawo yokudibanisa. I-Satire yathintela iminqweno yabafundisi, kwaye ekugqibeleni iireyimu zee-school zaphela ukuba zikho kwi-18th century.

Iqonga lemidlalo liye lachaphazela nezithethe. I-Intermedia yaba ngumboniso wokuhlaziya. Abadlali balandela imithetho yeklasikhi kwimveliso yabo, kwaye basebenzisa iimpawu, kuquka nezambatho.

Ukutyelela kwamanye amazwe

Iqonga le-17 leminyaka eRussia ithatha amava amanqaku avela kwiinkampani zangaphandle zezokhenketho e-Italy, ePrussia naseFransi. Ndiyabulela kubo, ukuphumelela kwengcamango engokomoya yafezekiswa, beyimithombo yokuphuhlisa intlalo kunye nokudala.

Xa kufika uFyodor Alekseevich, i- theatre, ukudweba kunye nomculo wekhulu le-17 kwaye kwaza kutshabalalisa ixesha elide, ekubeni ukumkani omtsha wayengenomdla kwizobugcisa. Kodwa isigwebo samisela ukuba inkulungwane yokubusa kwakhe yayifutshane.

Ukungena esihlalweni sobukhosi, uPetros Wokuqala wanikezela i-twist entsha ekuphuhliseni i-theater kunye nobugcisa ngokubanzi eRashiya.