Inkqubo yamaRoma yesi - lihle, kodwa kunzima?

Inkqubo waseRoma yesi eyayiqhelekile eYurophu kumaXesha Aphakathi, Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba ukuba nzinyana ukuyisebenzisa, namhlanje phantse asisetyenziswa konke. Kwafakwa elula ngakumbi Amanani Arabic, owenza izibalo kakhulu ilula kakhulu kwaye kulula.

Njengesiseko kwenkqubo yamaRoma zithathelwa amagunya ezilishumi, nesiqingatha sabo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ndoda akukho mfuneko yokuba ukurekhoda amanani amakhulu kwaye elide, ngoko iseti yamanani esisiseko ekuqaleni yaphela umbuzo kweliwaka. Amanani abhalwe ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene, nokuba bawadibanise kwaye imele inani elithile.

Umahluko ephambili kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba inkqubo yamaRoma nani na nonpositional. Oku kuthetha ukuba lilungiselelo amanani yokumbulo inani le ayibonisi ixabiso layo. yesi roman "1" ibhalwe njengoko «I». Ngoku sibeka iiyunithi ezimbini kunye ajonge intsingiselo yazo: «II» - oku nje ke yaseRoma Inani u-2, lo gama "11" ibhalwe kwi calculus baseRoma njengoko "i XI". Ukongezelela kwezinye amanani unit ezisisiseko kulo zithathwa ezintlanu, ishumi, ngamashumi omahlanu, omnye, namakhulu amahlanu eziliwaka, apho luchazwa ngegama V, X, L, C, D no M.

Kwinkqubo wokugqibela sisebenzisa namhlanje, kuqukwa 1756 inani lokuqala kubhekisela kwinani bamawaka, okwesibini - makhulu, owesithathu - zamashumi, kweyesine ke inani leeyunithi. Ngoko ke, oko kuthiwa inkqubo yokumisa, nokubala ukusetyenziswa kwayo zenziwe ngokudibanisa amasuntswana ezichaphazelekayo omnye komnye. WaseRoma Inkqubo yesi elungiswe ngendlela eyahlukileyo it ixabiso amanani apheleleyo izimele indlela amanani irekhodi. Umzekelo, ukuba ukuguqulela inani 168 kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuba sonke zingafumaneka kwi abalinganiswa esisiseko: ukuba umvo ku tlula amanani ekunene ekhohlo, la manani ayemka, kwelinye icala - lisongiwe. Ngaloo ndlela, 168 ziya kubhalwa njengoko CLXVIII (C-100, LX - 60, VIII - 8). Njengoko ubona, inkqubo yamaRoma nani inika amanani irekhodi kakhulu nzima, iyenza Ukongeza elibi kakhulu kunye nokuthabatha amanani amakhulu, singasathethi ukuziphatha imisebenzi yabo hlula phinda. Inkqubo yamaRoma inomnye ethile enkulu, eyile ukungabikho zero. Ngoko ke, oko isetyenziswa kule mihla kuphela ukubhekisela kwizahluko ezincwadini, uniko manani iinkulungwane, imihla nezikhumbuzo, apho kungekho mfuneko yokuba zokwenza imisebenzi arithmetic.

Kubomi bemihla ngemihla kulula kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa inkqubo wokugqibela, ixabiso amanani apho enxulumene inani ezisezikoneni ngamnye kubo. Yena kuqala ukuvela ngenkulungwane VI e-Indiya, kwaye abalinganiswa kulo ibethelelwe ngokusisigxina kuphela kwinkulungwane XVI. EYurophu, amanani Indiya, ebizwa umArabhi elangena ngomsebenzi sezibalo odumileyo Fibonacci. Ukwahlukanisa elipheleleyo neenxalenye iqhezu kwinkqubo Arabic usebenzisa isiphumlisi okanye ithuba. Kodwa iikhompyutha zisetyenziswe kakhulu inkqubo yokubini, nto leyo eqhelekileyo eYurophu, enkosi umsebenzi Leibniz, apho kungenxa yokuba kusungula asetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe bee-computer, esenokuba izikhundla zomsebenzi ezimbini kuphela.