Indlela dichotomy

Le dichotomy kwi nenguqulo lesiGrike elithetha "-hlule ibe ezimbini" okanye "-mbini". Dichotomy esetyenziswa kakhulu ngempumelelo kwimathematika logic sokuhlelwa izinto, kwaye bulumko kunye Ezolimi - ukwenza a sub-term, macala kuphela.

indlela dichotomy kufuneka zingahlukaniswa hlula yesiqhelo. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "umntu" lungohlulwa lube ingcamango 'yindoda' yaye 'nebhinqa ", yaye zahlulwe' yindoda 'yaye' akukho mntu". Ngoko ke, kwimeko yokuqala, iingqiqo ezimbini ayiphikisani, ngoko akukho dichotomy. Kwimeko yesibini, le "ndoda" yaye "akukho mntu" - iingcaciso ezimbini leyo iyaphikisana kwaye musa phambana, kwaye oku inkcazo dichotomy.

indlela dichotomy into enomtsalane elula wayo, ekubeni usoloko ekhona iindidi ezimbini kuphela ukuba isixa zidiniwe le mbono tivi. Ngamanye amazwi, ukwahlukana usoloko ekhona ukulingana dichotomous. Eyona esisiseko ngakumbi na nokuphelisa omnye komnye ilungu umabela ngenxa yokuba iseti nganye ngaku zingafumaneka kuphela kwenye kwiiklasi "b" okanye "hayi b", kwaye candelo yenziwa isiseko enye kuphela ezinxulumene ubukho okanye ukungabikho inkalo ethile.

Ngokuba bonke ubuhle bayo indlela dichotomy ngale ndlela yokuvuna yokungaqiniseki ukuba inxalenye nto leyo has a yamasuntswana "hayi". Umzekelo, ukuba zonke izazinzulu yahlulwe zezibalo zezibalo, ngoko xa kuthelekiswa iqela lesibini kukho ambiguity ethile. Ngaphandle kwale nokubi, kukho omnye, owakhiwa ekusekeni ingqiqo nzima, ngokuchasene ixabiso lokuqala, izinga sokususwa kwisibini sokuqala.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, le dichotomy isoloko isetyenziswa nje ngoncedo hlula ofumana naluphi magama. indlela dichotomy aza kusetyenziselwa okufumana kuchaziwe kulo amaxabiso athile iikhrayitheriya kwemisebenzi (umzekelo, uthelekiso ukuya ubuninzi okanye ubuncinane).

Lidla bengazi kusetyenziswa indlela dichotomy algorithm leyo linokuchazwa ngokoqobo amanyathelo. Umzekelo, lo mdlalo "Uyazi inani" umdlali omnye ucinga inani ukusuka ku 1 ukuya ku-100, kunye nezinye kwenza uzama ukuqashisela ukuba sisekelwe phezu ngothsuphe "ngaphantsi kune" okanye "mkhulu" kuqala. Ukuba nzulu ngokusengqiqweni, njengoko inani lokuqala usoloko ebizwa-50, yaye kwimeko efihliweyo ngaphantsi - 25 ngaphezulu - 75. Ngoko ke, onke amanyathelo ale ukungaqiniseki inani efihlakeleyo kuncitshiswa ngesiqingatha, kuquka umntu unluckiest uqikelela ayaziwa malunga 7 yokuzama.

Xa usebenzisa indlela dichotomy ekusombululeni quadratic ezahlukeneyo ukufumana isisombululo ekunene kunokwenzeka kuphela xa yaziwa kuphela ukufumana lengcambu lekhefu elinikiweyo. Oku akuthethi ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukufumana iingcambu kuphela quadratic yomgama. Xa isigqibo a kwizibalo eziphezulu-order usebenzisa indlela bisection kufuneka kuqala yahlula iingcambu inxalenye. Inkqubo yokuzahlula yayo kwenziwa ngokufumana yezabelo yokuqala neyesibini umsebenzi efunyenwe zibalo kwaye lifana iqanda (f '(x) = 0, f' '(x) = 0). Inyathelo elilandelayo ukumisela imilinganiselo f (x) kwi kumda kunye iingongoma ezibalulekileyo. Isiphumo izibalo ke lekhefu | a, b |, ezo amaxabiso umsebenzi utshintsho uphawu apho f (a) * f (b) <0.

Xa kuqwalaselwa indlela womzobo ekusombululeni inxaki usebenzisa isisombululo dichotomy algorithm ilula. Umzekelo, kukho icandelo | a, b |, apho kukho enye ingcambu ye x.

Inyathelo lokuqala le ekubaleni umyinge aljibra x = (a + b) / 2. apha kubalwa ixabiso umsebenzi ngelo xesha. Ukuba f (x) <0, ngoko [a, x], ngenye indlela - [x, b]. Ngenxa yoko, licuthe lekhefu luyenziwa, apho ezikhandelwa ngolandelelwano ethile x. Olubalo eyeka xa umahluko kwi imposiso ba.