Iitafile ephemeris iinkwenkwezi: incazelo kunye nohlaziyo

Yintoni iitafile ephemeris iinkwenkwezi? Kuba oko kuyimfuneko? Ngeenkwenkwezi, itheyibhile ephemeris ebizwa indawo yasezulwini yenyanga, ilanga, iiplanethi kunye nezinye izinto yesiqalo, ebalwe ngamathuba athile. Ngokomzekelo, ezinzulwini zobusuku yonke imihla.

wabiza iitafile ogcwele ephemeris, abonisa indawo elikhangeleka iinkwenkwezi impembelelo bawuthobele nutation umngcelele kunye aberration. Kwakhona ngokuba ifomula ephemeris, nto leyo ebalwa kusetyenziswa ngexesha mathuba sokufika for kwixesha elizayo esezantsi mnyama iinkqubo iinkwenkwezi yomahluko.

isicelo

Njengoko iitafile ephemeris kusetyenziswa? Ukusebenzisa ezi zika ukuchaza mkhanyo. Eli binzana ikwabizwa ngokuba data ukuma Hewana zokwenziwa sebenzisa navigation, umzekelo, kwinkqubo NAVSTAR (GPS), uGalileo, «Glonass».

Ulwazi malunga nendawo-Hewana ukuba owawuboniswa njengenxenye imiyalezo ezizodwa. Kwezi meko, uthethe ukutshintshwa ephemeris.

iintlelo imbali

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba 1474 wapapasha iitafile bakhe ephemeris Regiomontanus odumileyo eNuremberg. Kulo msebenzi baye ephemeris kwi kunyaka 1475-1506, apho zibalelwa ngosuku ngalunye. Le ncwadi iqulethe amacwecwe langa, uququzelelo yazo iinkwenkwezi, join iimeko ukukhanya kwelanga.

iintlelo mihla

Namhlanje ephemeris izithebe epapashwe ingqokelela zibalulekileyo iinkwenkwezi "Astronomical Yonyaka" (Russian Academy of Science ipapashwa ukususela 1921), Nautical Almanac, American Ephemeris, Berliner Astronomisches, Connaissance des Temps. Ukongeza, kukho iziza ezinokukunceda ukubala i ephemeris. Bona yondle bathandi kunye neengcali ngokufanayo.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba isiza "NASA" Espenyak uFred epapashwe izikhundla idatha iiplanethi kwenkqubo solar, iNyanga ne Sun kunyaka 1995-2006. A website of "Institute of ekubaleni ephemeris, nezixhotyana yasezulwini" kukho into isithuba nokulawula calculator. Ukongeza, kukho ilayibrari, enokusetyenziselwa kwi-Excel lokusebenza ukuqhuba izibalo ngeenkwenkwezi usebenzisa Ephemeris Switzerland, i JPL kunye Moshera.

yokubala

iitafile ephemeris akwinkonzo nabakhwitsi nganye. Namhlanje, intshukumo izinto ezijikeleze iLanga wayefunda kakuhle kakhulu. Unxulumano ngeenkwenkwezi ezahlukeneyo kwasekwa iifom zezibalo yokubala ephemeris akhuphisana phakathi kwabo ngokwemiqathango okuchaneka. Ezi zikhohlela zimbini zichazwe iimpapasho ezithile ngeenkwenkwezi.

Imfundiso endala

Ile yi oluphuculiweyo inguqulelo kwethiyori Brown. Yena yaphakanyiswa yi EW Brown ngo-1919 ngomsebenzi wakhe "Tables intshukumo yeNyanga", nto leyo kuye kwaphuculwa WJ. റാപ്പിംഗ് ukurhangqa ngo-1954 kweli phepha "Enhanced ephemeris kwenyanga." Kwixesha elizayo, xa theory izihlandlo eziliqela izilungiso.

Le modeli iye ngaphambili esisetyenziselwe ekubaleni F. Espenyakom kwelanga ezinikiweyo "NASA" site.

Isisombululo entsha

VSOP82 version ichaza intshukumo iiplanethi ujikeleza ilanga. It ecetywayo 1982 P. Bretagnon kunye lwencwadi iinkwenkwezi yapapashwa "Astronomy and Astrophysics", othi "Theory sesindululo zonke iiplanethi - isigqibo VSOP82».

enye inguqulo

2000 inguqulelo ELP ichaza kuphela ephemeris yeNyanga. It ishicilelwa kule ncwadi iinkwenkwezi "Astronomy and Astrophysics" ngowe-1983 M. Chapron-Tuze noJ Chapron, kwakunye kwinqaku "ephemeris kwenyanga ELP 2000". Le mbono iqulethe amalungu 7684 ukuze inkululeko periodic baza Inyanga 20 560 - ngenxa yobude baza 9618 - kuba umgama. Le awo zamalungu aselula ingqamana imigama ye-2 cm kunye 0,00001 imizuzwana arc. Ngendlela ecaulweyo, umfuziselo lowo kusetyenziswa ukubala F. Espenyakom kumnyama, epapashwe kwi-website ye "NASA".

Iimpapasho USSR

Yaye yintoni na enokuthethwa ngeenkwenkwezi basekhaya? uguqulelo Based DE200 / LE200 yapapashwa ephemerides kwenyanga, ilanga kunye langa "ngeenkwenkwezi Yonyaka ye-USSR" (ukususela 1986).

Model JPL laboratory

Version DE403 / LE403 uchaza intshukumo iiplanethi ujikeleza ilanga kwaye igxininisa uququzelelo kwenyanga. abasebenzi bayo laboratory ziye JPL Standish, Williams, Newhall kunye Faulkner. Lushicilelwa kwinqaku elithi "The Moon kunye ephemeris langa JPL DE403 LE403» / (1995) kwindawo okhethekileyo le lebhu. Namhlanje kukho iitafile ezintsha ephemeris yenzelwe JPL.

itheyibhile ukhululekile

Iiplanethi baphambe nabakhwitsi iminyaka emininzi ezayo, kwaye iziphumo ubalo ziguqulelwa ezitafileni. Ukuba idatha kwizikhundla obubonakalayo iiplanethi, leyo ubalwa nge computer, ukhokelwa kwimithetho ubucukubhede isithuba. Indawo ezikuyo izinto ezingcwele kwiitheyibhile zidweliswe kunye amanyathelo ezithile, ebonisa ubude bexesha phakathi mathuba ezimbini ezinxulumeneyo apho ekubalwa luyenziwa. Le theyibhile ilandelayo lula ukuyisebenzisa nge inyathelo ngamini-nye:

• I-American Ephemeris itheyibhile Michelson ukuba kwinkulungwane xxi, ukususela 2001 ukuya 2050 kwaye kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ukususela ngo 1900 ukuya ku-2000.
• Rosicrucian Ephemeris (kunyaka 1900-2000).
• Raphael itheyibhile (ukuma iiplanethi kwi kunyaka ngamnye).

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Michelson isikhundla ephemeris izinto zasezulwini inikwa e Greenwich zobusuku yonke imihla, kwaye data thaca ngenyanga. iphepha ngalinye amaxabiso iiplanethi ngama iinyanga ezimbini ngeembadada iibhloko (Longitude).

reviews

ngeenkwenkwezi ezininzi itheyibhile ephemeris 1973. Bathi ukuba kulula kakhulu. Abanye badumise itafile ezinzulwini zobusuku (2001-2050 GG.), Yaye bathi ukuba isixhobo eyimfuneko zeenkwenkwezi wabaqalayo zoqeqesho. Iingcali zithi ukuba ephemeris kule ncwadi zichaziwe kumacandelo ngenyanga nganye kunye nonyaka. Bathanda isibakala sokuba eli hlelo lwe indawo kunye iinkwenkwezi iiplanethi nemiqondiso ezulu kuyo nayiphi na inyanga elinikiweyo. Abaninzi bakhalaza ngokuba kwafuneka ukuba bathenge kwitafile encinane kakhulu ukuba abantu abane eliphantsi kunzima ukufunda. Abanye awuyithandi i umgangatho zokuprinta behlanganisa iimpapasho ezithile.

nosuku

Yintoni enye efunekayo iitafile ephemeris? Umhla wokuzalwa ngoncedo apho ungenza sokuzalwa yakho. Yintoni na? nosuku lwethu lulwahlulo iiplanethi ujikeleze ilanga ngexesha kunye nendawo, oluthi luqokelelane yi ngexesha thina sizalelwe kwindawo ethile on Earth.

Isiseko ezihambelana ngamnye wenziwe baza - isangqa esikhulu, apho ngonyaka omnye-kukhanya kwelanga, okanye mandithi iziko layo. Oku kuthathwa inxalenye isibhakabhaka womgca ukujikeleza koMhlaba, njengoko isindululo ilanga ibonakalisa njengokujikeleza komhlaba ngeenxa zonke kuye.

Moving iiplanethi shelwe-moya baza. indawo yabo ingqalelo ukusuka kwindawo zomntu obukeleyo emhlabeni, sinako ngokuchanileyo bala ephemeris. Ngelo xesha angavela ezinye unxibelelwano phakathi iiplanethi, ebizwa iinkalo. Kananjalo ikhomba nokuvumisa ngazo.

Ukudala ezihambelana yakho, kufuneka ukwazi ixesha ochanileyo wokuzalwa kwakho. yatshati akunakwenzeka ngaphandle le ezincinane. Ukuze ufunde ukwenza njani kwitshathi natal, kufuneka ukuba ziyisebenzise yezintlu ephemeris, sabheka zehlabathi, "Indlu Uluhlu" kunye isixhobo sokubala.