Ethetha kwi Internet: iintlobo kunye nemigaqo zokwakha

Ukuze kuchongwe ikhompyutha ngamnye udityanisiwe kwi Internet, iye iphuhlise inkqubo ekhethekileyo yokulungisa. Kukho kukusombulula kwi Internet kweentlobo ezimbini: lwamanani (IP-dilesi) kunye nesimilo. Ezi nkqubo zimbini zikhona ngapha nangapha. Zisephezulu ukubiza sasisebenzisa imishini, umlinganiswa - abantu. Ngapha koko, umntu kulula kakhulu ukuba ukukhumbula nokutolika ngeesimboli (oonobumba) kunenani.

Nayiphi na ikhompyutha udityanisiwe kwi Internet idilesi ye IP (mfutshane ye Internet Protocol), nto leyo equka amanani ezine ezahlulwe sisithuba amachaphaza (HHH.HHH.HHH.HHH). Le ulwazi oluthiwe thaca kule fomu, ingcaciso ichaza ngokupheleleyo idilesi ye-computer. inombolo nganye isusela ukusuka 000 ukuya 255. Olo dilesi kwi Internet lwanele uku encoder iikhompyutha gidi ezine.

Nangona i-World Wide Web kwakuba inani elincinane lwababhalisi, inkqubo wedijithali kwakwanele elungileyo, kodwa ukwandiswa yayo ukusebenzisa le modeli yaba kwandim. Kwaye kwagqitywa ukuba kusetyenziswe umfuziselo inkqubo DNS igama domain (ukusuka IsiNgesi Domain Name System). Ukuze wenze oku, iqela elithile labantu ityala bokunikeza amagama ekhethekileyo kubasebenzisi icandelo elithile. Kweli hlabathi akukho iziko ulawulo-intanethi, kodwa kukho imibutho ukuba bazibandakanya ekutshekisheni kwisabelo lwamanani: igama lendawo loqobo lwe khomputha kumele ahluke oku kwaye ubukele le mibutho. Ethetha kwi Internet usebenzisa igama lethambeka namhlanje kunayo yonke.

Igama computer kungaba naliphi na inani domains, kodwa iqulethe uninzi izinto ezimbini ukuya kwezintlanu, leyo yahlukanisiwe ukusuka kwenye ingongoma nganye (umz, tvka.ivno.ru. okanye www.companys.com). Ezi dilesi baye Isifaniso abanye iposi. Ukuze ukuthumela umyalezo kumntu ekunene, kuqala bonisa lizwe, ngoko kwingingqi, kwisithili, idolophu, isitalato, kunye negama ngokwayo. A sabaphathi efanayo kwaye ingqwalasela kwi Internet: igama elililo domain ngumphakamo wokuqala (ephezulu), ilandelwe yi amathambeka kwinqanaba junior, apho bonke kunye nokudala igama computer eyahlukileyo. Ifunyanwa ilungelo igama lethambeka abaphezulu uthwala, njengoko umthetho, ulwazi malunga indawo okuyo ye computer (.ru - Russia, .ngu - Belarus, .ua - Ukraine, njalo-njalo) okanye isifundo, nto leyo lunikezelwa site (.gov - arhente zikarhulumente; .com - imibutho yorhwebo; org - imibutho engenzi-nzuzo; .edu - amaziko emfundo, njl njl). Kodwa nabanini site abasoloko ngqo ulwahlulohlulo yamkelwe, kwaye kummandla .RU usenokuba ingabekwa Belarusian, Kazakh, okanye nayiphi na enye indawo.

Namhlanje, iidilesi Internet ezininzi kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukucinga uvimba ukuba olingene zonke iidilesi, ngoko ke kuphuhliswa protocol into kukhangela igama elinikiweyo. Ukuze wenze oku, umncedisi yababoneleli kumiselwa inkqubo ekhethekileyo, nto leyo ethatha indawo iidilesi DNS ukuguqulwa umlinganiswa kwidilesi ye IP. Ke ukufuna umncedisi, eligcina inkcazelo kwisayithi ofunekayo okanye ibhokisi. Enyanisweni, lo ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu: kukho iiseva ezininzi kakhulu kwi-network. Ukuze lula khangela Elinye Labaniki ndawo ukusetyenziswa Resource jikelele URL (ukusuka Universal Resource Locator). Esi salathisi iqulathe ulwazi malunga protocol ofuna ukuyisebenzisa xa uphendla iidilesi, kufuneka ukuba kubekho inkqubo yophando kunye ifayile equlathe ulwazi oluyimfuneko, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukukhangela website ethile kulula a lot.