Elihle kwezentlalo, umntwana. Elihle kwezentlalo, abantwana nabo bakwishumi elivisayo kwi ngokubambiseneyo

Umntwana engena kweli hlabathi, njengoko bathi, tabula Rasa (ie "sheet ezicocekileyo"). Kwaye loo nto indlela yokukhulisa umntwana, kwaye kuya kuxhomekeka ubomi bakhe elizayo: lo mntu kuphumelela kwixesha elizayo, okanye mabaziwise emazantsi ebomini. Kungenxa yoko le nto kweli nqaku, le ngxaki iya kuxoxwa banzi, njengoko elihle kwezentlalo, lo mntwana.

lwesigama

Ekuqaleni, Kakade ke, kufuneka wenze isigqibo imiqathango eza kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulo lonke eli nqaku. Ngenxa yoko, ngokwasentlaweni womntwana - uphuhliso losana ukusukela nje kwixesha lokuzalwa kwakhe. Kuxhomekeke impefumlelwano iimvuthuluka kunye nokusingqongileyo, ngexesha apho umntwana uza ngokubonakalayo ukuqonda yonke into ubona, uyaliva, uvakalelwa. Le ukuqonda kunye nokwenziwa onke amasiko yokuziphatha kunye neenqobo, kwakunye neenkqubo ze self-uphuhliso eluntwini, apho umntwana bobabo.

Ngokubanzi, ngokwasentlaweni - inkqubo nokwenziwa umntwana zentlalo imimiselo, iinqobo kunye nemigaqo ezikhoyo kuluntu elinikiweyo. Kwakunye kukufakwa imithetho yokuziphatha, leyo basebenzise ngenkuthalo amalungu ayo.

izakhi zezakhiwo

Kukwabalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukufundiswa koluntu yomntwana sinezi zixhobo kwesakhiwo zilandelayo:

1. elihle kwezentlalo, ahlale. Kule meko sithetha malunga kwinkqubo yokuzihlola zophuhliso wosana phantsi kwempembelelo iimeko njongo. Khangela eli candelo kunzima kakhulu.
2. Kakhulu waqondisa elihle kwezentlalo. Kule meko sithetha malunga bokuqonda ukuba urhulumente ayenzayo ukuze kulungiswe iingxaki ezichaphazela ngqo umntu. Yinto uhlobo olwahlukileyo amanyathelo kwezoqoqosho, sombutho kunye esemthethweni.
3. ilawulwa kakhulu elihle kwezentlalo. Ezi zonke nemigangatho zokomoya nenkcubeko ngurhulumente xa uwonke kunye noluntu ngokukodwa.
4. Abazi self-inguqu womntu. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba le nto wayengekho eziziimpawu ngokwasentlaweni abantwana. Uya kakhulu kusenokwenzeka ukuba abantu abadala. Ubuncinane - kubantu abaselula, weyiseka ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha into ebomini babo.

izigaba elihle kwezentlalo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukufundiswa koluntu womntwana libunjwa inani amanyathelo abalulekileyo, eziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubudala iimvuthuluka:

1. Ebuntwaneni (ubudala usana phambi kunyaka wokuqala wobomi).
2. ebuntwaneni Early, xa eziwa kwiminyaka 1 ukuya ku-3.
3. yobudala uthole (iminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwelesi-6).
4. kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi (iminyaka 6-10) ubudala.
5. ukufikisa Early (malunga 10-12 iminyaka).
6. ukufikisa Senior (iminyaka 12-14) ubudala.
7. ukufikisa Early (iminyaka 15-18).

Oku kwalandelwa nezinye izigaba elihle kwezentlalo, Noko ke, akusekho umntwana nomntu omdala. Ngapha koko, ngokutsho Convention UN, umntwana ngumntu oye attained the age of uninzi. Thina - neminyaka eli-18 ubudala.

izinto elihle kwezentlalo

Inkqubo elihle kwezentlalo, kunzima kakhulu. Ngapha koko, kuquka isigama ezifana imiba elihle kwezentlalo. Kule meko sithetha ngayo iimeko nendlela yokuziphatha kuluntu apho isichaza umntwana nemigangatho ethile kunye namasiko. Yahlulwe izinto ezine amaqela emikhulu:

1. Megafaktory. Abo ezichaphazela bonke abemi kulo mhlaba. Umzekelo, ukuba indawo yonke, ihlabathi, umhlaba. Kulo mzekelo, umntwana kufuneka bafundiswe ukuba ukuqonda ixabiso Umhlaba, oko kukuthi umhlaba wonke ohlala kuwo.
2. izinto Macro. Gquma inani elincinci labantu. Oko kukuthi, abemi karhulumente, isizwe, uhlanga. Ngoko ke, sonke siyazi ukuba kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo iimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu, ukufudukela kwabantu, i bokuqonda uqoqosho, Kakade ke, iimpawu zenkcubeko. Yinto akukho mfihlakalo bekuya kuba ukuba kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zembali, ebumba uhlobo olulodwa lomntu.
3. Mezofaktory. Oku kwakhona imibandela yezentlalo ukuba babe negalelo kakhulu kuloo mntu. Ngoko ke, eli qela labantu, ezahlulwe uhlobo zokuhlala. Sithetha kanye apho umntwana ahlala: ezilalini, idolophu okanye isixeko. Kule meko kakhulu indlela yokubaluleka yonxibelelwano, ubukho usiko (inyathelo enkulu kwinkqubo Autonomisation identity), ingakumbi indawo zokuhlala. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umahluko zommandla inokuba negalelo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kuloo mntu.
4. Microfactors. Kaloku, iqela lokugqibela yeemeko ukuba babe negalelo elikhulu ebantwini - yinto microsocium kusapho lwakhe, kwikhaya, ebumelwaneni, imfundo, kwakunye unqulo.

iiarhente elihle kwezentlalo

Imfundo elihle kwezentlalo, lo mntwana phantsi kwempembelelo ekuthiwa-arhente. Ungubani na ke? Ngenxa yoko, i-arhente elihle kwezentlalo - zezo amaziko okanye amaqela, apho umntwana ufunda nezithethe ezithile, iinqobo kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha.

1. Ngabanye. Aba bantu aba ukudibana ngqo umntwana kwinkqubo yemfundo noqeqesho. Bazali, izihlobo, abahlobo, ootitshala, abamelwane njalo njalo. D.
2. amaziko athile. Yinto imiyezo, izikolo, amaqela, uphuhliso ezongezelelweyo, izangqa, njalo njalo. D. Oko kukuthi, ezo amaziko nakho nomthelela umntwana nangayiphi na indlela.

Kukho kwakhona kufuneka kwakhona wathi kukho ukwahlulwa ibe ngokwasentlaweni eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. Indima arhente kwiimeko ezinjalo ziya kwahluka kakhulu.

1. Ngoko ke, kubantwana abancinci, ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu, indima ebalulekileyo njengee-arhente elihle kwezentlalo, inikwa umntu ngamnye: abazali, oomawokhulu kwaye ngoko nangoko ezingqonge usana. Oko kukuthi, abo bantu aba wadibana naye ukususela ekuzalweni kule minyaka yokuqala yobomi.
2. Ukususela kwiminyaka emi-3 ukuya 8 kuza ukusebenza kunye nezinye ii-arhente, ezifana enkulisa okanye elinye iziko lemfundo. Kukho sele phezu kwimfundo yomntwana, ukongeza kokusingqongileyo ngoko nangoko, baphenjelelwa ngootitshala, oonesi, oogqirha, njalo njalo. D.
3. Kweli xesha ukusuka kwiminyaka-8 ukuya kwi-18 ukuya ngokuzazisa komntu iya kuchatshazelwa yi ngamajelo eendaba: TV,-intanethi.

ngokwasentlaweni phaya, kwasekuqaleni

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, inkqubo elihle kwezentlalo, abantwana iquka izigaba ezimbini: ngokwasentlaweni eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. Ngoku ndifuna ukuthetha malunga inyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuqala.

Ngoko, kule nkqubo (primary) ngokwasentlaweni ekuqaleni ezizezi usapho kubalulekile. kuzalwa, usana alunakuzenzela ukanti awangekalungeli ubomi kwihlabathi elitsha kuye. Kunye nabazali kuphela kunye nezinye izalamane close ukumnceda ukuqhelana okokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba emva kokuzalwa komntwana ukhula nje kuphela kwaye kuphuhlisa, kodwa ayeba. Emva koko, ethintela oko akubonayo macala ngayo abazali bathethe omnye nomnye, njengoko batshovo. Ku va pipsqueak ixesha yaye iya kudlala. Ke ukuba umntwana kuthiwa yingozi, oko kuyimfuneko kuqala sityhole itakane, kunye nabazali. Ngapha koko, kuphela bevakalise umntwana wabo ukuziphatha okunjalo. Ukuba abazali cwaka, musa ukuthetha ngelizwi bayavuswa, yaye musa bakhale, umntwana uya kuba njalo. Kungenjalo, le kids abangenazigqibo, luvo, ngokukhawuleza-wobulali. Selivele bokuqonda elihle kwezentlalo. Oko kukuthi, umntwana ukholelwa ukuba ngale ndlela yaye baziphathe elizayo eluntwini. Ukuba ekugqibeleni uya kwenza enkulisa, esitratweni, epakini okanye kwindawo ethekweni.

Yintoni na, ngokwasentlaweni yomntwana entsatsheni? Ukuba wenza isigqibo encinane bonke abazali kufuneka ke ndinganikhumbuza, asimele silibale ukuba umntwana afunxa yonke into ayibonayo usapho. Ke yena uya kuzizisa ebomini bakho kwixesha elizayo.

A amagama ambalwa malunga kwiintsapho ezikwimeko

ngokwasentlaweni ngempumelelo abantwana kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kuthe ukuba arhente iya kuhlangana imigangatho eyamkelekileyo ekuhlaleni. Kulapha ukuba kukho ingxaki kunye neentsapho kakuhle. Ngoko ke, olu hlobo okhethekileyo, noshowo kwaye esebenza intsapho, esibonakala liwonga ekuhlaleni phantsi kwiinkalo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ebomini. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le intsapho kunqabile kakhulu wenza imisebenzi eyabelwe yona malunga eziliqela yezizathu: ngokuyintloko lwezoqoqosho, kodwa zemfundo, zentlalo, ezomthetho, ezonyango, ngokwasengqondweni, njl Leli apha ezidla zonke iintlobo iingxaki elihle kwezentlalo, abantwana ...

imali

inkqubo ngokwasentlaweni sinzima kangangokuba iquka izinto ezininzi kunye bokuqonda. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye kananjalo iindlela ezahlukeneyo elihle kwezentlalo, abantwana. Yintoni, ke, akunjalo? Le isethi izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze ngqo kuluntu ngamnye, udidi lwentlalo, kunye nobudala babo. Ngoko ke, oku kukuthi, umzekelo, ukukhathalela nendlela nokondla umntwana, ukuyilwa kweemeko ucoceko kunye zokuphila, iimveliso, izinto kunye nenkcubeko yokomoya, asirhawule umntwana, wammisa ukwayo kuzo ebezintle nezo zingentle xa kuthe senzo. Oko konke, kwaye iyindlela ebalulekileyo elihle kwezentlalo, kangangokuba umntwana efunda, kunye nazo zonke iintlobo imilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye nemilinganiselo ukuba uzama ukubethelela ezingqonge kwakhe.

oomatshini

Ukuhlaziya indlela elihle kwezentlalo, ubuntu komntwana, simele sinikele ingqalelo ezisebenza umsebenzi wayo. Ngoko ke, xa inzululwazi bahlule phakathi ezimbini eziphambili zabo. Eyokuqala them - kwezentlalo kunye zokufundisa. Ngale ndlela ziquka:

1. Indlela yemveli. Le nokwenziwa umntwana imigaqo yokuziphatha, zengqondo neemposiso, nto leyo uphawu Isangqa wakhe ngaphakathi: usapho kunye nezalamane.
2. Institutional. Kulo mzekelo, nefuthe umntwana obandakanyekayo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaziko oluntu, kunye apho esinxibelelana ngexesha yophuhliso lwayo.
3. Isitayile. Kukho sele kukho umbuzo malunga yempembelelo lempucuko okanye ezinye iimpawu (umz, zonqulo) kuphuhliso umntwana.
4. Okusebenzisana. Lo mntwana ufunda imigaqo yokuziphatha, imigaqo ngokunxulumana nabantu abathile.
5. Boneka. Oku sele yindlela ngxuba of identity ngokwalo njengeyunithi ibe yonke enkulu, umlinganiselo zehlabathi ezingqongileyo.

Enye indlela ebalulekileyo elihle kwezentlalo, umntwana - a lwentlalo-engqondweni. Ngesayensi, yahlulelwe kwii ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. Ingcinezelo. Le nkqubo ngaphandle iimvakalelo, iingcinga kunye neminqweno.
2. Zokuvala. Xa umntwana uzama ukuphelisa iingcinga okanye iimvakalelo ezingafunekiyo.
3. Zibalo. Ukutshintshelwa namazinga ethile yokuziphatha kunye nokuxabiseka omnye umntu.
4. Identification. Ekuhambeni komntwana wakhe uzichaza nabanye abantu, iqela, iqela.
5. Introjection. Ukutshintshelwa umntwana komnye izityalo indoda: igunya izithixo.
6. Uvelwano. Indlela ezibalulekileyo uvelwano.
7. Self-inkohliso. Umntwana bazi ngokucacileyo ukuba kubi iingcamango yakhe, namasiko.
8. Sublimation. mechanism luncedo ukudlulisela iimfuno okanye minqweno ngendlela yokwenene yamkelekileyo ekuhlaleni.

abantwana 'ezinzima "

Ngokwahlukeneyo, amazwi ambalwa kufuneka ukuba athi malunga nendlela ngokwasentlaweni yabantwana abakhubazekileyo (okt abakhubazekileyo). Ekuqaleni, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba apha ebalulekileyo ngokwasentlaweni ophambili kwiimvuthuluka, oko kukuthi zonke eziya kuba ekhaya. Ukuba abazali bomntwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa baphathwa njengamalungu epheleleyo yoluntu, akayi kuba nzima njengoko kusenokuba aphakamileyo elihle kwezentlalo. Kakade ke, kuya kubakho iingxaki, ngokuba abantwana ezizodwa baqhele ukuba babe ngoontanga kakubi okanye Lumkela nje akukhathalwa. Abayi njengabantu abalinganayo, nto leyo nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwi ukuyilwa ubuntu komntwana. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukufundiswa koluntu labantwana abakhubazekileyo kufuneka uthathe indawo ngendlela efanayo njengoko kunjalo wosana kakhulu enempilo. Nakuba kunjalo, iimali ezongezelelweyo ukuze efunekayo. The main iingxaki ezinokuvela ngale ndlela:

• inani elingonelanga izixhobo zokuncedisana ukugqiba elihle kwezentlalo (samabanga aphantsi, ukungabikho kwesi zikolo).
• Ukunqongophala ingqalelo kunye nonxibelelwano, ukuba usana kwi HIA.
• Ezishiyelelweyo kumabakala okuqala elihle kwezentlalo, kwaba bantwana xa bona kuqala ukuqonda ke akunjalo, njengoko kufuneka.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le meko abantwana kufuneka asebenze ngqo kwimfundo yootitshala abakwaziyo ukuthatha ingqalelo iimfuno kunye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ithuba abantwana lukhethekileyo.

Abantwana aseleyo ngaphandle kwabazali

Ngamnye iinkedama ingqalelo xa kuqwalaselwa amanqanaba elihle kwezentlalo, lo mntwana. Kutheni? Kakhulu nje, ngenxa yokuba aba bantwana primary iziko elihle kwezentlalo, ayisiso usapho, njengoko kufuneka, njengeziko okhethekileyo - baby ikhaya, ikhaya labantwana, kwisikolo esibhodisayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le kuphakamisa kukuvela iingxaki ezininzi. Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni, nemiqhathane ezinjalo ngokupheleleyo ngendlela engalunganga uqala ukubona ubomi njengoko kunjalo. Oko kukuthi, ukususela beselula, umntwana uqala ukwenza ngokwayo ipatheni ethile yokuziphatha, kunye nobomi elandelayo uhlobo leyo akubona mzuzu. Kwakhona, inkqubo yemfundo noqeqesho yabantwana inkedama zahluke ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko kakhulu imvuthuluka ngaphantsi zinikwe ingqalelo lobuqu abazifumanayo ngaphantsi emzimbeni ubushushu, uthando nenkathalo esemncinane. Kwaye konke oku kuchaphazela ngokungqongqo sengqondo kunye nobuntu Ukwakheka. Iingcali ziye kudala wathi baphumelele ngamaziko afana - izikolo wayekhwela, isiphumo malosamostoyatelnymi, ungafanelekanga ukuba ubomi kuluntu ngaphandle kweendonga amaziko emfundo. Abanalo ezo izakhono ezisisiseko ezifunekayo eziya kwenza ukuba ilungelo lokuba kwifama, ukulahla iindlela eziphathekayo kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Ukufundiswa koluntu kwe itakane egadini

Njani na elihle kwezentlalo, lo mntwana epriskuli? Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba Ngaloo ndlela uya kuba phezu elihle kwezentlalo, eziziisekondari. Oko kukuthi, isebenza amaziko emfundo ahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ngokungqongqo ubomi babantu. Umzekelo, enkulisa udlala inkqubo yokufunda indima toddler enkulu. Le nto iingcali liphuhlise ezininzi iinkqubo zemfundo, ekufuneka ilandelwe umlondolozi. imigomo yabo:

• Ukudala indawo entle zophuhliso zabantwana (ukhetho ephembelelayo, ukudalwa ifomu yokuziphatha uNowa).
• Sicinga iintlobo kunye neentlobo nokufundisa. Loo nto ibaluleke zengqesho ukuze, umzekelo, ukuba ibe nengqondo eyakhayo yokujongana ehlabathini, ukuzithemba, imfuneko uvelwano njalo njalo. D.
• Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba bakwazi ukuqinisekisa inqanaba lophuhliso umntwana ngamnye, ukuba akwazi ukusebenza nomntwana ngamnye ngokweemfuno zakhe amathuba.

Zizeyeyona nto ibalulekileyo ngokwasentlaweni umntwana. Le nkqubo ke enye, nto leyo eza kukhethelwa le ntonga kokuya esikolweni - kukwayinto entle umzuzwana ekhethekileyo ebalulekileyo. Ivela le ukumonelwa ngawo enkulu iimvuthuluka zoqeqesho ezilandelayo.

Abantwana abadala elihle kwezentlalo: Iimpawu

Cinga iimpawu elihle kwezentlalo, abantwana, bekuya kuba ezinqwenelekayo nazo zonke kuthelekiswa iinkqubo ezifanayo abadala. Yintoni umahluko phaya?

1. Ukuba sithethe malunga abadala kwinkqubo ngokwasentlaweni kwiinguqu yokuziphatha kwabantu. Xa abantwana kukho nokulungisa amaxabiso esisiseko.
2. Abantu abadala abakwaziyo ukuhlola oko kwenzekayo. Kids simunce nje ulwazi, non-ezigwebayo.
3. Umntu omdala uyakwazi ukwahlula kuphela abangasekhoyo "white" kunye "black", kodwa ezahlukeneyo "hina". Aba bantu baqonde ukuba baziphathe ngayo ekhaya, emsebenzini, kwiqela, ukudlala iindima ezithile. Umntwana ethobela nje umntu omdala ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo kunye neminqweno.
4. abantu abadala kwinkqubo elihle kwezentlalo, lo inkosi lwezakhono ezithile. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kuphela abadala abazi ngeenkqubo kwakhona elihle kwezentlalo. Ebantwaneni, ngokwasentlaweni ukwakha izizathu kuphela ukuziphatha ethile.

Ukuba elihle kwezentlalo, akwenzeki ...

Kwenzeka ke ukuba iimeko elihle kwezentlalo, lo mntwana ezingafanelekanga ngokupheleleyo kwaye awungeni nemigangatho eyamkelekileyo. Oku kuthelekiswa edubuleyo: le nkqubo sele iqalile, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuphumeza le njongo ezinqwenelekayo. Kutheni maxa wambi kwenzeka asiphumelelanga elihle kwezentlalo?

1. Ezinye iingcali bambalwa ukuba kukho unxibelelwano abaphethwe zizifo zengqondo kunye impumelelo elihle kwezentlalo.
2. Abangaphumelelanga elihle kwezentlalo, nayo xa kuthe umntwana kwezi nkqubo esemncinane na entsatsheni, kwaye kumaziko: leenkedama, umntwana ekhaya.
3. Esinye sezizathu sokusilela elihle kwezentlalo - kids hospitalism. Oko kukuthi, ukuba umntwana uchitha ixesha elininzi ngaphakathi ezindongeni ezibhedlele. Iingcali zithi inkqubo elihle kwezentlalo, abantwana abanjalo nazo imithetho, yaye musa ngokuvisisana nemilinganiselo eyamkelekileyo ngokubanzi.
4. Kwaye, kakade, akuphumelelanga elihle kwezentlalo, isenokuba kwimeko kwempembelelo emandla kakhulu kwimidiya zosana, umabonakude okanye Internet.

Ngomhla umbuzo resocialization

Ekubeni ingqalelo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zentlalo - imikhosi eziqhuba inkqubo elihle kwezentlalo, umntwana, nathi sifanele sithi amagama ambalwa kwakhona malunga ngxaki efana resocialization. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, ezi nkqubo abaphesheya abantwana. Oku kuyinyaniso, kodwa ke xa sithetha geqe. Oko kukuthi, umntwana ngokwakhe akakwazi ukuza ekuqondeni ukuba kufuneka imilinganiselo yayo yokuziphatha engalunganga kwaye ukutshintsha into. Kuyinto ayinikiwe kuphela abadala. Ukuba sithetha ngabantwana, ngoko kukho kuvela umbuzo ekuthiwa-ezemali ngokutsha elihle kwezentlalo. Xa umntwana qeqesha nje into efunekayo ukuze ubomi ngokupheleleyo eluntwini.

Ngoko ke, kwakhona elihle kwezentlalo - inkqubo yokufunda umntwana Imimiselo nemigangatho emitsha kunye neemfundiso, iindima kunye nezakhono endaweni ngaphambili ezifunyenweyo wasebenzisa ixesha elithile. iindlela resocialization kakhulu lukhulu. Ukanti iingcali zithi ukuba olu unyango - indlela efanelekileyo necoselelekileyo, ukuba sithethe ngayo abantwana. Ngezi kids ezizodwa kufuneka ukuba basebenze iingcali, nangaphandle, bekuya kufuneka achithe ixesha elininzi. Nakuba kunjalo, iziphumo zisoloko HIV. Nokuba imithetho kunye nemigaqo ngokwasentlaweni akuphumelelanga womntwana esetyenziselwa ixesha elide.