By ekhayeni kushishino

Yonk 'imihla senza esondela ukuya revolution engaphephekiyo, eziqulathe By. Sakha izixhobo ezintsha, sifumana izinto ezikhethekileyo, ezo nto wacinga ngaphambili. Ukusetyenziswa By kubomi bemihla ngemihla banceda ukutshintsha imilo izinto njengesiqhelo kuthi. Ngenxa yoko, siye saba ohluke kakhulu, kodwa iimpawu abangabaxhamli kweziyobisi. Ubunyaniso esiphila uba yingozi kangako kunye kakhulu ukuba ubomi obutofotofo. Umzekelo imifanekiso: ukuncitshiswa imilinganiselo eliqhelekileyo izixhobo zombane kubungakanani nanoparticle, ayibonakali ngeliso yabantu. Iikhompyutha ziya ziba ezincinane ubukhulu, kodwa ezihle kakhulu ngakumbi. By ekhaya kwaye kushishino ziye zatshintsha kakhulu macala onke kuthi.

Ngaba unako ukwenza uhlobo ubukrelekrele elibona okwanelisa zonke iintswelo zethu? Impendulo siyifumana eyiyo yokusetyenziswa nokuqhubekayo. By - indlela eya kwikamva, njengoko kuchaphazela zonke iinkalo zobomi bethu. Ukusebenzisa By inika amathuba amaninzi, kodwa iphakamisa inani iinkxalabo.

Window kwi nanoworld

Kwemikroskopu ivumela kusityhilela kulo sekuba. Ngaphandle izixhobo By ezizodwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwangoko qaphela ukuba kunzima kakhulu, ekubeni ezincinane ukwenzela ukuba yinto enzima ukuya ngeliso lenyama. Kwaba obungaka nezinto isikali ebonisa iimpawu ezininzi engaqhelekanga engalindelekanga kunye. Ukusetyenziswa propati uthembisa revolution zeteknoloji ekhethekileyo. Balirhola iimpawu ngokupheleleyo entsha, ezifana umzimba control kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Imbali ukuvela ngenxa yezixhobo

Konke kuqala kwi 80s benkulungwane XX ukuya fyabo isixhobo ebizwa ngemicroscope ukuskena Tunneling (STM). Unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yase California Dzheyms Dzhimzevsky wachitha ubomi bakhe bonke oqeqeshiweyo kulo ihlabathi nanoscale. Nguye ngomnye wabantu bokuqala ehlabathini abaye bafumana ithuba lokuba aphande lo mbandela izixa ezincinane kakhulu, buyakwazi ndlela. Ezi iimikroskopu ukuvumela ukuba ukufunda kumphezulu, kanye njengoko iimfama ukufunda ngeBreyile. Ke akukho namnye unako urhanela By njani luncedo kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye noshishino.

Umgaqo esebenza nanoparticles

A khulu ukuskena probe usebenzisa emele ngenaliti atom enye ububanzi. Xa zindlela nje neenanometer ezimbalwa ukuya isampulu, electron zaba kunye nanoparticle elikufutshane. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba ifuthe etoneleni. Inkqubo yolawulo ibhaqa utshintsho kwi Tunneling lwangoku, kwaye ngoku ngenxa yale ngcaciso zokwakha echanileyo nangaphezulu mphandle isampuli komhlaba. Le softwe ikuvumela ukuba ukuguqula ezi nkcukacha zibe umfanekiso, nto leyo enika izazinzulu isitshixo kwihlabathi elitsha yokusebenzisa By ekhaya kunye namanye amashishini.

Ngokutsho Dzheyms Dzhimzevsky ngemicroscope ukuskena electron, kuqala izazinzulu got umfanekiso athom kunye molecule bakwazi ukufunda imilo zabo. Yaba revolution ngokwenene kwinzululwazi, kuba oososayensi baye baqala ukujonga izinto ezininzi kakhulu eyahlukileyo, umzobo ingqalelo iimpawu athom ngamnye, izigidi zezigidi amasuntswana, njengoko kwakunjalo kwixesha elidlulileyo.

Ukuvulwa lokuqala

Ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa ezintsha kukhokelele ekubeni ukufunyanwa okumangalisayo. Xa unit wasondela atom kumgama 1 nanometer, phakathi kuyo kunye kubandakanyo atom. Lo msebenzi nako ukufumana indlela ukuhambisa microparticles ngamnye. Ngenxa kule kokufunyanwa ukukwazi ukusebenzisa By ukuba ubomi obutofotofo.

Njengoko kuchaziwe yi Dzheyms Dzhimzevsky, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yase California, scanning Tunneling microscope uvumele phantse bachukumise molecule atom. Izazinzulu ziye okwesihlandlo sokuqala bakwazi ukulawula i-atom phezu komhlaba eziphathekayo ukudala sakhiwo ngaphambili ayikwazanga bacinge.

Le ukufunyanwa entsha (ukukwazi ukuba uyigcine nokusebenzisa amasuntswana amancinane ezenza ubhobhozo) wenza kube lula ukusebenzisa By kuwo onke amacandelo ngaphandle kokukhetha.

Uphuhliso zezenzululwazi

Sezinto kunye bulumko Etin Iverhe ikholelwa ukuba kungenzeka idabi zobugcisa ngeendleko By yinto yokwenene kakhulu, kodwa oku ikakhulu yakhelwe phezu Siyithandile zezenzululwazi. Njengoko yamachiza kunye sobulumko Etin Iverhe, ukususela isiqinisekiso umfuniselo kubukho athom bade bafumana amathuba zokuzisebenzisa kwathabatha iminyaka ngaphantsi kwama-100. Phambi oosonzululwazi bafumanisa la mathuba, apho ngaphambili akwazi ukucinga. Bulelani kuphela kule urhulumente onke kumazwe aphuhlileyo waqalisa ukubonisa umdla kwisayensi efanelekileyo. Yonke le nto yaqala inyathelo American ngo-2002, nto leyo zazenziwe Rock Physics and Benbridge. Ezi izazinzulu yeza necebo crazy ukuba enkosi By uluntu luya kuba nako ukusombulula zonke iingxaki ezijongene nayo.

Esi sibhengezo yaba negalelo ekuqaleni izifundo ezininzi, kuya kuvumela ukuqonda iindawo ezinjalo phambili inzululwazi netheknoloji njengoko microelectronics, inzululwazi ikhompyutha, uphando amandla enyukliya, eziphilayo, laser ubugcisa, amayeza kunye nangaphezulu.

By: Imizekelo

Kubomi kukho izinto ezininzi kangaka echuliweyo kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ubukho kabani asithanga senze basole! Makhe sijonge imizekelo kakhulu okuphawulekayo:

• phones Modern. Ngokusebenzisa ngenxa yezixhobo banethuba ukubaxhobisa smartphones, iPhone kunye nezinye izixhobo kunye nabenzi boluvo ezizodwa abakhonza ukukhusela indima. Nokuba i IMicrochips iiglasi eyaphukileyo musa ayeke ukusebenza.

• Samazinyo. Ngaphambili, akukho mntu wacinga kutheni cleanser kuba amazinyo eyahlukileyo. Oku kube ngenxa yobukho nanoparticles ezithile. Umzekelo, calcium hydroxyapatite, nto leyo ayibonakali ngeliso lenyama, inceda ukubuyisela wayesebenzisa utshabalale, ukukhusela amazinyo kungonakali.

• Iiplasta. By kubomi bemihla ngemihla zifumaneka zinto engalindelekanga. Umzekelo, esiveza band-aid. It has nanolayer isilivere leyo ekhuthaza impiliso okukhawulezayo kunye neempawu antibacterial.

• Paint iimoto. ipeyinti ngomatshini Modern, enkosi nanoparticles, ziyakwazi ukuvala imikrwelo oluncinane kunye nezinye nemingxuma kwasekwa emzimbeni. Le nto ndiyibhalayo amaso ezincinane, olunikezela oku.