Biography of re Botticelli. imisebenzi yakhe baziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi

Re Botticelli, imisebenzi ilifa nanto, yoncedo a azimkrobisi ngamaxesha ezadlulayo, - i ngomzobi obalaseleyo Renaissance, kukho inani eqaqambileyo ngasemva ngabapeyinti ixesha Lorenzo Zobungangamela.

Biography ngomzobi Italian

igama Real Botticelli - Alessandro Di Mariano Filipepi. isiqhulo Botticelli kaThixo ilifa umkhuluwa wakhe omdala kwaye lithetha "bochonochek". Sale re Botticelli, ogama kuyanconywa kulo lonke ihlabathi imisebenzi, wazalwa ngo-1445 kwi-umsuki weemfele usapho kunye wayengunyana omncinane. Uyise Mariano Filipepi kunye nomfazi wakhe Zmeraldoy ayiqeshileyo indlu, ucweyo lwakhe wanikela encane kakhulu, ngoko umsuki waphupha ufake ngempumelelo oonyana babo ushiye ubugcisa babo. Ngowe-1458, re waye moonlighting njengoko ngumfundi umzalwana wakhe owned yocweyo izacholo. Podnatorev kule art ubuncwane esifuna ukuzithemba kunye ngqo kwi uyilo, yaye kungekudala waqalisa epeyinta kwiminyaka emibini kamva ababhalise ngumfundi kwi sale opeyintayo fra uFilippo baqi-, oye wafunda ukuya kwiminyaka-22 ubudala.

izifundo zokuqala Botticelli

izifundo ezixabisekileyo izacholo luncedo artist apha: imisebenzi odumileyo re Bottichelli luphawulwa imigca nentaba ukucaca nokusetyenziswa nobungcali igolide ekwakusetyenzwa ngendlela esulungekileyo ukuze kumfanekiso ongasemva okanye njengento admixture ukuba ipeyinti. Ixesha elichithwa kwi workshop womntwana, wenza kulutsha onemveliso neyonwabisayo. Umfundi waba ngumlandeli utitshala wakhe amxelise ngayo yonke into. Okokugqibela, ngokusabela uhlobo nokuzinikela ngokunyanisekileyo loo nomnqweno lokunciphisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze bafumane ulwazi Botticelli wazama ukuba konke okusemandleni akhe. Isimbo utitshala yokuqala baba nempembelelo kakhulu isimbo sokubhala lwemizobo yi Botticelli, ingakumbi iinkcukacha zokuhomba, umbala kunye nohlobo ubuso.

Okulandelayo re benxanelwe ulwazi olutsha, ndwendwe waba yocweyo Andrea Verrokkio - nomkroli Italian kunye opeyintayo, indoda isebenziseka, owakukhupha iqela abanamakhono amagcisa wabaqalayo. Umoya zophendlo enobuchule, ligorha phakathi kwabantu zobugcisa, lubonakaliswa ngokucacileyo imisebenzi zokuqala iinkosi sale: ". Madonna egadini rose" "Madonna kunye umntwana Iingelosi ezimbini" kunye Oku kubonakala kubo amava olufunyenwe ootitshala zabo Botticelli. Ngo-1467 i-sale wagqiba ukuvula ivenkile yabo.

imisebenzi emikhulu yi re Botticelli: "ukuchaza Lwamandla"

ukuze Kuqala artist wabulawa 1470 ngenxa kwiholo weNkundla Commercial - arhente mzi, ukuba siqwalasele iimeko zolwaphulo kwezoqoqosho. Yaba ukupeyinta 'umfanekiso Wamandla ", obonisa inani ehleli etroneni olunzulu. Ukubonakalisa ngokwayo lwalo enetyala kunye namandla nesimilo, "Namandla" Botticelli yokuma ubonisa Ukungazinzi wangaphakathi kunye ubu.

1472 kwaphawulwa re ukubhalisela umbutho amagcisa - umbutho ka St. kaLuka, esalinikwayo opeyintayo ithuba kuquka indibano ngezizathu yomthetho, engqongwe ngokwakhe kunye nabancedisi. Omnye wabafundi Botticelli wayengunyana ka umfundisi owayesakuba - Filippino baqi-.

Udaba i sale opeyintayo

Ngowe-1475 re Botticelli ogama kaninzi abhalwe imixholo yeBhayibhile kunye wentsomi imisebenzi, waba kakuhle eyaziwa kwaye bafuna-emva inkosi. Le artist epeyintwe Sonto, ukuyila imizobo, ngokuthe ngcembe ngokubuyisela ezithatyathwe uFilippo ubabalo Planar linearity kokuqonda entsha umthamo kunye nentsingiselo enamandla ngakumbi amanani. Ngokungafaniyo utitshala wakhe wokuqala, umsebenzi wakhe iphawulwa yesixhobo lipholi, opeyintayo yakho ngelaphu natyetyiswa umbala oqaqambileyo, ngokuthe ngcembe iya elizele ngakumbi. Njengoko re Botticelli, ogama imizobo Ziqulethe umoya Renaissance, ukuba ukudluliselwa ibala baqala ukusebenzisa imbola umthunzi - njengobuchule leyo iye yaba luphawu lwemizobo bakhe bokubhala isimbo.

Eyaziwa umsebenzi re Bottichelli

Iifoto mizobo lomculi Italian ukudlulisela italente elilikhulu ngayo eli sale ndlela, owashiya, azafunyanelwa ndawo Kukhazimlayo, ilifa bezobugcisa lizwe. imisebenzi emininzi yi re Botticelli zezethu kunyaka 1470th, nangona ingezizo zonke kubo imihla ngqo. elininzi ixesha elimiselwe ngabo ngohlalutyo zobugcisa ukubhala. Ngeli xesha ke webs ezifana "nobusuku" (1475), "St. Sebastian "(1473)," Umfanekiso a Lady sale "(1470) kunye 'Umfanekiso umfana" (1470). Phantse ngo-1476 kwathiwa apeyintwe umzobo umzalwana wakhe Lorenzo Zobungangamela - Dzhuliano Medichi, owabulawa ngexesha 1478 yelenqe. Botticelli e contact olusondeleyo nosapho Medici - umlawuli waseRoma Florence. Kungenxa Giuliano artist apeyintwe intshinga itumente 1475.

Kwesiqu Style Botticelli

Xa imisebenzi iminyaka engama-1470 inokulandwa ukukhula ngokuthe ngcembe izakhono zobugcisa lombhali sale: in canvases bakhe abanyamalalayo abolekwe kwezinye iindlela amagcisa kunye ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa. In Botticelli wafumana indlela yaso yokubhala: abalinganiswa ngemizobo yakhe luphawulwa isakhiwo esithe nkqi, imisele uphawu amandla, lobuhle ecacileyo, kwaye imifanekiso sedrama kuzuzwa ngokudibanisa ziimvakalelo olomeleleyo zasekhaya kunye nesenzo. La macandelo zikhona ngomfanekiso "Saint Augustine" (1480). Le artist kakuhle ukubhala ubomi nangoku. Izinto anokufumaneka ngemizobo yakhe zime ngokuchanekileyo ngokucacileyo uvakalisa ubuchule umbhali ukuba zifake kakuhle eli fomu ngokuchanekileyo. Ngelo xesha linye musa kuza kucaca, ukuhoya le kumboniseli ngayo kubalinganiswa eziphambili. Imvelaphi re Botticelli, ogama imizobo zimelwe kuwo wonke amaziko idumileyo ehlabathini, wasebenzisa iicawa Gothic, iindonga nqaba, ngaloo ndlela ekufezekiseni isiphumo ezintle yothando.

Le esekelwe ukuba Sistine Chapel

odolo zazo re Botticelli ogama imisebenzi kuzisa abantu zibe raptures, ubukhulu becala ifunyenwe eFlorence. Enye mizobo abadumileyo - "St. Sebastian", ebhaliweyo ibandla yamandulo Santa kaMariya Madzhore. Ilaphu, izivumelwano obekwe kwi kwiikholam zebandla ngoJanuwari 1474, ngokuqinileyo panorama imifanekiso Florence. Ngowe-1481, re Botticelli, kunye Domenico Ghirlandaio kunye Cosimo Rosselli wamenyelwa nguPope Sixtus IV eRoma ukuze abhale esekelwe phezu kweendonga kwicala esanda sakhiwe kwi Sistine Chapel. Lo msebenzi wenziwa "uphilisa woneqheneqa kunye Ukulingwa kaKristu", "Ukohlwaya of Korea" yaye "Imifanekiso ukususela Life kaMoses," umbhali krelekrele isonjululwe ingxaki yokutolika kweprogram bogoslovnoy ezinzima: ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo iziphumo ezihlolwayo, ngentetho evakalayo kudla ubomi ngayo, kucacile, ukukhanya imifanekiso usinga.

mkhuba wentsomi kwi imizobo ka Botticelli

Emva ngo 1482 e Florence, re kokungcwaba kwakhe uyise. Emva kokuba ikhefu elifutshane baqalisa kwakhona iipatheni ukubhala. Eli xesha, kwaba kwincopho uzuko Botticelli: izihlwele abathengi weza ucweyo lwakhe, ngoko imiyalelo wenza abafundi inkosi, ngoxa yena ngokwakhe ndayithabatha odolo umngeni ezidumileyo. Ngeli xesha, ihlabathi wabona imisebenzi edume re Botticelli kaThixo "nguPallas kunye Centaur", "Spring", "Venus noMars", "Ukuzalwa Venus", malunga enye yezona ncwadi exabisekileyo Renaissance kwaye obukhulu inyaniso art Koloni. Iziza yezi imizobo, leyo waziva ngokucacileyo ifuthe lobugcisa bamandulo kunye nolwazi ogqwesileyo Umfanekiso yamandulo, ephefumlelwe kwiintsomi.

"Ukuzalwa Venus"

"Ukuzalwa Venus" tinsimu -sibonisa uqhagamshelwano lwe mba ngumoya odlisa ubomi umphefumlele ebomini bakhe. Ukuphuculwa uluntu eziqulathwe kulo mzobo ka Ora, uthixokazi bawurhuqa ingubo lokuthozama - wembali nomzuzu, nto leyo ngokucacileyo kakhulu kwaye penetratingly sihleli inkosi Italian re Botticelli.

Umfanekiso, uluhlu apho kumba gqitha, kwi zigaba kamva ngentsimbi luphawulwa iimpawu a banomkhwa elithile, ngoko ukuthetha, ukuzeyisa belincoma self-buciko. Kuba ukukhula yokuvakalisa engqondweni kukwaphula olinganise amanani. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Botticelli wayedla wayalela nomzobo kushicilelwa kunye amalaphu, kodwa yafikelelwa inxalenye encinane nje la manani ixesha lethu.

Imizobo adumileyo Italian

Ukupeyinta "The Wedding of the Virgin" (1490), okroqiweyo ixhala imincili, iimvakalelo inkxalabo kunye nethemba eliqaqambileyo. Zize zifakwe kwingxelo iingelosi ukupeyinta lisele bazibhijabhija, ngendlela ebonisa of St. UJerome usukela ukuzithemba kunye nesidima. Lo msebenzi waziva Utyeshelo ethile evela olinganise egqibeleleyo, ukwanda kwempixano, ukwandisa umbala endle - utshintsho isimbo, sizalwa re Botticelli. Umsebenzi, canvases ifoto luluvo lomnqweno kuba idrama nzulu, leyo ngokucacileyo anokubonakala film "ezishiywe", ibali lithatyathwe eBhayibhileni: uTamare, ayeza Amon. Isimntwiso Artistic oku zembali kuthetha yabantu: ekuqondeni ubuthathaka yomfazi, uvelwano ubulolo kunye lithemba ovalelweyo yi umqobo yayo siqinile ngendlela iindonga eshinyeneyo namasango itshixiwe.

Le minyaka yokugqibela ubomi wegcisa Italian

Ngowe-1493 Botticelli wangcwatywa umzalwana wakhe oyintanda Giovanni, Florence ngelo xesha wathi ndacela indlela kubantu Lorenzo Zobungangamela. Umzi - nelaye yangaphambili zokucinga humanistic - bayiphosa ilothe iintetho revolution Savonarody. nengxaki Creative kwenzeka kubomi re Botticelli. Imifanekiso, iinkcazelo apho iphawulwa ukunxunguphala enzulu nesingqala, evakalisa ukuhla ngokupheleleyo isimo yombhali. Savonarody eshumayela ngesiphelo ezayo kwihlabathi lonke jikelele kukhokelele ekubeni abantu ngoFebruwari 1497 kwindawo yembutho engundoqo wanika umlilo omkhulu, awayitshisayo imisebenzi ezixabisekileyo ya wena. psychosis Mass bayinikela amanye amagcisa, phakathi kwabo Botticelli. Amadangatye wazitshisa ezinye imizobo yakhe, nangona ubungqina ngqo yalomthetho ayifumaneki. Kungekudala Savonarola watyholwa qhekeko kunye abulawe esidlangalaleni.

Ekupheleni ubomi bakhe Botticelli Ndandililolo, wagula kakhulu yaye abakhokhobayo. Ngokutsho ayephila, igcisa wakwazi ukuhamba kuphela ngeentonga. isesebuqaqawulini bayo bokuqala ukho elidlulileyo, sayeka ukufumana imiyalelo: ixesha lam, indawo yi ixesha elitsha art. Le artist engazange atshate yaye kungekho bantwana. Re Botticelli wafa yedwa 1510.