Uxinzelelo Oxidative: indima indlela, ngenye

Uxinzelelo ithathwa ngokuba impendulo non-ezithile umzimba ukuya inyathelo yeemeko lwangaphakathi okanye lwangaphandle. Le nkcazelo iye yaziswa kwi kwisenzo H. Selye (komzimba waseKhanada). Nasiphi na isenzo okanye imeko kungabangela uxinezeleko. Noko ke, umntu ungahlula enye into ubize ukuba oyena nobangela umzimba reaction.

features

Xa kuhlalutywa indlela awungeni ingaba imeko (mnandi okanye lingakholisi ngayo) ise emzimbeni. Of umdla ubunzulu iimfuno zokutshintshwa okanye ngokutsha phantsi kweemeko. Umzimba kuqala abachatshazelwa yi-arhente ukubacaphukisa uyabachasa ukukwazi layo ukuphendula evumayo bayiqhele imeko. Ngoko ke, singakwazi baphethe elandelayo. Uxinezeleko iimpendulo oluntsonkothileyo okulungisekayo ekhutshwe umzimba xa factor lwempembelelo. Le nto ibizwa kwinzululwazi lithathelwe jikelele syndrome.

isigaba

Ukuziqhelanisa syndrome kwenzeka ngokwamanqanaba. Okokuqala kuza ibakala ixhala. Umzimba kweli nqanaba yokubonisa iziphumo ngqo nempembelelo. Inqanaba lesibini - Resistance. Kweli nqanaba umzimba apha naphaya ukuze kwandiswe iimeko. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela ukukhathala kwenzeka. Kwathi amanqanaba zangaphambili eziphilayo isebenzisa koovimba yayo. Ngako oko, isigaba sokugqibela kokuba mpilo kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ngaphakathi emzimbeni kuqala rearrangements zezakhiwo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi akukho yaneleyo. Ngako oko, igcina amandla noqhekeko ukuba incitshisiwe kwaye umzimba liyayeka ukutshintsha.

zeleka oxidative

и прооксиданты при тех или иных условиях приходят в неустойчивое состояние. Iinkqubo Antioxidant and pro-iioksidenti phantsi kweemeko ezithile babe kwimeko ezingazinzanga. Ukubunjwa izinto yokugqibela ziquka zonke izinto ezenza ukuba badlale indima ebonakalayo ekuqiniseni ukuyilwa radicals simahla okanye ezinye iintlobo izidubuli ezifana mpilo. могут быть представлены разными агентами. iindlela eziphambili imiphumo eyingozi ntshikilelo oxidative angamelwa arhente ezahlukeneyo. Le ingaba zinto cellular: iziphene yokuphefumla ayo, enzyme ezithile. могут быть и внешними. Iindlela uxinezeleko oxidative kunokuba lwangaphandle. Ezi, ingakumbi, iquka ukutshaya, amayeza, ungcoliseko lomoya kunye nezinye izinto.

radicals free

belala akhiwa emzimbeni womntu. Kwezinye iimeko, oko kubangelwa iinkqubo random imichiza. Umzekelo, kukho radicals hydroxyl (OH). ukubonakala kwazo lu dityanisiwe baziswa rhoqo ukuya ionizing kwimitha kunye namazinga asezantsi ukukhululwa superoxide ngenxa electron ukumosha ikhonkco zabo zehambo. Kwezinye iimeko, xa kukuvela radicals ngenxa uqalile okanye ipoti ye ziiphagocytes kunye nokuveliswa-nitric oxide ngokuthi iiseli endothelial.

Iindlela ka ntshikilelo oxidative

Ukuthatha ivela simahla ezinkulu nokuzibonakalisa eziphilayo impendulo malunga elungeleleneyo. Kulo mzekelo, kulula kakhulu ukuba ukulingana isalamane obuxhasa le radicals. . Ngenxa weseli ngamachiza miseka kwaye ntshikilelo oxidative kwenzeka. Uninzi izinto kwisimo kuyinyamezela isidanga ngokulinganisela ukungalingani. Oku kungenxa ubukho iiseli kwizakhiwo reparative. Bona ukuchonga kwaye susa iimolekyuli ezimashakeleyo. Kwindawo yokugqibela bafika izinto ezintsha. . Ukongeza, iiseli bayakwazi ukwandisa ukhuseleko, njengempendulo ntshikilelo oxidative. Umzekelo, iimpuku zibekwe imiqathango ioksijini ecocekileyo, kufa emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Kuthiwa emoyeni eqhelekileyo iqulethe malunga ne-21% O _2. Ukuba impembelelo izilwanyana ngokwenyusa kancinane amathamo ioksijini, ukhuseleko lwabo luya komelela. Isiphumo aokusetyenziswa ukuba nempuku kwaye inokuba nako ukuthumela 100% O ₂ ingqondo. способен вызвать серьезные разрушения или гибель клеток. Kunjalo, a xi enamandla oxidative kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu okanye ukufa kweeseli.

mandundu

Njengokuba ekhankanywe apha ngasentla, intsalela umzimba igcinwa radicals simahla kunye nokhuseleko. вызывается как минимум двумя причинами. Kule sinokuqonda ukuba uxinezeleko oxidative okubangelwa yezizathu ezibini. Olokuqala ukunciphisa umsebenzi ukhuselo. Okwesibini kukwandisa ukuyilwa radicals ngomlinganiselo yokuba antioxidants abangakwaziyo yokungenelela kuzo.

Ukuncipha impendulo yokhuselo

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba inkqubo antioxidant luxhomekeke kakhulu isondlo esifanelekileyo. Ngako oko, kunokwenziwa isigqibo ukuba ukwehla ekukhuseleni umzimba sisiphumo ukudla. Ngokuqinisekileyo, izifo ezininzi babantu kubangelwa ukuswela izondlo antioxidant. Umzekelo, i-neurodegeneration eshiyekileyo ifunyanwa ngawo ngenxa inani laneleyo ngo izigulane umzimba singabanga ukugaya kwamafutha vitamin E ngokufanelekileyo. Kukho kwakhona ubungqina obubonisa ukuba abosulelwe HIV-abantu, wambuyisela ibonakele lymphocyte glutathione kungomlinganiselo omncinci kakhulu.

ukutshaya

It ngomnye wemiba ephambili ebangela uxinezeleko oxidative emiphungeni kunye nezinye izicwili ezininzi lomzimba. Umsi kunye resin radicals zizityebi. Ezinye zazo ziyakwazi ahlasele imolekyuli kwaye ukuthoba yoxinaniso iivithamini E no-C Umsi kukucaphukisa macrophage umphunga, ngaloo ndlela ukuvelisa superoxide. Emiphungeni kubantu kukho neutrophils ngaphezu non-abangatshayiyo. kakubi icuba, abantu badla ngokutya ephaphama yaye kudla utywala. Ngako oko, ngenxa yabo yokuzikhusela. провоцирует тяжелые нарушения клеточного метаболизма. uxinzelelo Chronic oxidative evusa ukugxojwa kakhulu emzimbeni yeselula.

Utshintsho emzimbeni

Ukulungiselela iinjongo diagnostic, esebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo amagosa amakishayo ntshikilelo oxidative. Ezi okanye utshintsho elinye emzimbeni lubonisa ezithile iingxaki site kunye izinto, ukuba bamqumbise. : Ekuhloleni ukuyilwa radicals simahla kuphuhliso multiple usebenzisa izikhombisi ezinjalo ntshikilelo oxidative:

1. Malondialdehyde. Esisebenza ngayo imveliso zasesekondari ezamahala olukhulu igcwala (CPO) lipids yaye kunempembelelo umonakalo kwi isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi lo ndizayo. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni permeability zabo ion calcium. Ukwandisa lwee- malondialdehyde ngethuba ngokuyintloko nezizisekondari-phambili ezininzi inyathelo sclerosis lokuqala uqinisekisa ntshikilelo oksislitelnogo - ubulunga igcwala ezamahala olukhulu.
2. isiseko Schiff na imveliso ekupheleni ka SRO-iiprothini kunye lipids. Ukwandisa uyazikhomba Schiff neziseko siqinisekisa isiqhelo sokuba ukusebenza okondeleyo igcwala ezamahala olukhulu. Ingqondo nangakumbi malondialdehyde ukongeza imveliso kunye ikakhulu sclerosis zasesekondari ngokuqhubekayo unokumakisha ekuqaleni inkqubo etshabalalisayo. Ihlala lokwahlulwa nokutshatyalaliswa elandelayo inwebu. imigangatho ephakamileyo Schiff neziseko nayo ibonisa kwinqanaba lokuqala yengcinezelo oxidative.
3. Vitamin E. It is a antioxidant zebhayoloji esinxibelelana radicals simahla kunye peroxides lipid. iimveliso zokulinganisa kwasekwa basabela. Vitamin E oxidized. Oku kucingwa ukuba neutralizer eyiyo ioksijini singlet. Ukwehlisa umsebenzi vitamin E egazini ibonisa ukungalingani kwinkqubo link AO3 non-enzymatic - kwibhloko yesibini ntshikilelo oxidative.

imiphumela

? Yintoni indima ntshikilelo oxidative? Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba aziwayo nje kuphela lipids ndizayo kunye iiprothini, kodwa carbohydrate. Ukongeza, utshintsho kuqala iinkqubo hormone yonyango. transcriptase Active thymus lymphocyte Isakhiwo liyancipha, kwandisa kwinqanaba neurotransmitters, iihomoni baqala ukuba akhululwe. Xa uxinezeleko iqala nucleic oxidizing, iiprotheni, hydrocarbon, kwandisa isiqulatho iyonke lipids egazini. Olwandisiweyo ukukhululwa hormone adrenocorticotropic ngenxa ATP sokonakalisa makuqhutyekwe Camp nasisihlo. Last oko iyazingenela kinase protein. Yena, yena, kunegalelo inxaxheba ATP phosphorylation cholinesterase esters aguqulayo cholesterol cholesterol free. Ukwandiswa protein yokuqaphela, RNA, DNA, lo gama ngaxeshanye glycogen ngokugaya yokugcina amafutha, okunamafutha izicwili ukubola asidi (ephezulu) kunye glucose kwakhona kubangela uxinzelelo oxidative. считается одним из наиболее серьезных последствий процесса. Ukuguga yenye emibi kakhulu kwinkqubo. Kwakhona, kukho isenzo elikhulayo hormone. Inika ummiselo Isantya BMR - ukukhula kunye umahluko izicwili, iiproteins, lipid, ekudleni ukutya. indima ebalulekileyo glucagon kunye insulin. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, izenzo iswekile njenge umqondiso okanye ipoti ye adenylate cyclase, kunye tsMAF - ekuveliseni insulin. Konke oku kukhokelela ukuba mandundu kuwohloka glycogen in izihlunu kunye wesibindi, sehlise phantsi biosynthesis wekhabohayidreyiti kunye neeproteni, sehlise glucose igcwala. Phuhlisa ulungelelwano nitrogen elibi, kwandisa yoxinaniso cholesterol kunye nezinye lipids egazini. Glikagon likhuthaza ukuyilwa glucose, abangaphangeliyo yokubola yayo lactic acid. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba bahlule kukhokelela ekwandeni gluconeogenesis. Le nkqubo ke Yindibanisela iimveliso non-carbohydrate kunye iswekile. Njengoko acid yokuqala isenzo pyruvic kunye lactic acid, glycerol, kwakunye naziphi na imichiza leyo kuguqulwa kunye catabolism of pyruvate mhlawumbi omnye izinto eziphakathi trikarbonovokislotnogo umjikelo. Ezi substrates eziphambili nayo acid kwaye zincancise. A indima ephambili inguqu carbohydrate bobabo glucose-6-phosphate. Le ezimbaxa kakhulu imenza fosfoliriticheskogo glycogen iyafa. Iswekile 6-phosphate isebenze i-enzayim glucose nezothutho glycogen uridindifosfoglyukozy kuhlelwe. Umchiza kwakhona isebenza zeendawana ukuba utshintshwano ezilandelayo glycolytic. Kunye nale kukho Yindibanisela ekhulayo enqanda gluconeogenic. Ngokukodwa, yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Oku kugqiba isantya inkqubo nezintso, nomhlehlo wesibindi. Umlinganiselo gluconeogenesis kunye glycolysis ngokutshintsha ngasekunene. Le glucocorticoids asebenze inducers enzyme yokuqaphela.

imizimba ketone

Benza njengendlela uhlobo zabathengisi sibaso nezintso, izihlunu. zeleka xa oxidative mali lwemizimba ketone inyuswe. Isebenza ngendlela komlawuli ukuthintela kugaya ngokugqithisileyo fatty ukusuka kwindawo. Oku kungenxa izicwili ezininzi iqala ukunqongophala amandla ngenxa yokuba glucose ngenxa insulin ngxaki ayikho nako ukungena endlwini iseli. Xa lamanani aphezulu fatty kwi plasma kwandisa ukufakwa kwabo kunye namachibi wesibindi, kwandisa amandla triglyceride yokuqaphela. Konke oku kukhokelela ekwandeni kwenani lwemizimba ketone.

ukwengeza

Science uyazi yaye le nto njenge "izityalo uxinezeleko oxidative." Kuthiwa ukuba umbuzo Okukodwa yenkcubeko ukuqhelana ezahlukeneyo izinto kuhlala elawula namhlanje. Abanye ababhali bakholelwa ukuba phantsi kweemeko ezingentle abasabela ezintsonkothileyo ezikumila iphela. umsebenzi yawo ixhomekeke kuhlobo isici. Ezinye iingcali athi uzinzo kwezityalo kuxhomekeke iimpendulo ezithile. Oko kukuthi, basabela na into eyaneleyo. Ngelo xesha, uninzi bayavuma ukuba ngeempendulo non-ngqo kunye ezithile zisenzeka. Kulo mzekelo, elidlulileyo akusoloko kusenzeka ukuba ukubona ngokuchasene nentsukaphi reactions ezininzi jikelele.