Iziseko igoqo: Kubalwa inani yezikhala, iintlobo, iintlobo kunye noyilo

Sebenzisa ukwakhiwa imfumba isiseko ivumela wokwakha kwiimeko ezinzima, obubonakala ngokuba yincwadi evuliweyo kwimihlaba babuthathaka, inqanaba eliphezulu aphantsi komhlaba, ngokunjalo imozulu ngqwabalala.

nemfuneko yokusebenzisa

Kwezinye iimeko, isiseko kusetyenziswa xa kunzima namageduka nga nzima kakhulu umsebenzi wokwakha. Ukuba igoqo kukhethwa lesiseko, ukubala ubungakanani yezikhala kufuneka wenze phambi kokuqalisa umsebenzi. Ngokusebenzisa le iteknoloji uya kukwazi ukufikelela nemihlaba nzima eziya kunciphisa iimpembelelo ezi zinto, kwaye uya kwandisa ukuthembeka ukuqina sakhiwo. Liyenze isiseko igoqo zingenziwa ngokusebenzisa grillage, nto leyo eya kuthi ichazwe ngezantsi.

Iintlobo ze iziseko imfumba kwi uhlobo inqwaba

Uyazixhasa azinike phantsi wokwakha unako zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezahlukeneyo, sikhokelwa ezithile iparameters. Umzekelo, kuxhomekeke indlela yezikhala eziqhutywa kunokwenziwa bodwa njenge eziphathekayo. Isebenzisa iinkuni okanye intsimbi, ukongeza ingasetyenziswa ufakelo lwesamente. Ezi unqwabelana kufuneka ezibethelelwe emhlabeni ngoncedo lwezixhobo ezizodwa, oko kukuthi, izando okanye vibrovdavlivateley. Oku kubonisa ukuba akukho mfuneko asuse umhlaba phezu komhlaba. Ukuba ugqiba ukuba kuxhotyiswe isiseko mfumba, ukubalwa kwenani yezikhala ziya kukuvumela ukuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo ophezulu esemgangathweni eya kuthatha ixesha elide.

kwemoto shell

Ukuze sikwazi ukubona kuqiniswe unqwabelana eziphathekayo, istili, apho kubonelelwa nitsala umhlaba surplus uze uzaliswe ngokupheleleyo mix eziphathekayo. unqwabelana Ramming uhlobo ekuzinziseni nge ukuncitshiswa komhlaba, nto leyo kwikhavithi emva kokuba eziphathekayo libekwe kade, eza zilinganisiwe, ukugcwalisa zikhabane. Ukufudumala isiseko mfumba, njengokuba umthetho, akukho eyenziwa.

Iintlobo kwesiseko imfumba ukuba uhlobo imithwalo lokuzala kunye ezahlukeneyo nezibonda ngakumbi concrete

Ukuqwalasela isiseko igoqo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kukho ukwahlukana zawo iintlobo isekela ezisekelwe umthwalo yawo. Kukho yimfumba-saso ezithumela igunya emhlabeni ngokupheleleyo, umthwalo na ulwakhiwo. Ngaba angahlangani kunye nenqumba ezijingayo, nto leyo ibe umthwalo kwicala emhlabeni ubuso.

Ukongeza yokuhlela umgangatho, kukho iintlobo ezininzi isekela precast eziphathekayo, nto leyo ezahluke ngokumila cross-lecandelo, ukuze babe buxande, imiqadi esisangqa, isikwere, nge-moya ngeenxa, isikwere kunye omise. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukwahlula isiseko igoqo kunye indlela wokusungula inkxaso, kwakunye uphumezo soqwalaselo. Oku kukuvumela isakhiwo inkxaso ingenamthungo, kwaye yakhiwa izakhi ezahlukeneyo. Unqwabelana unokuba isiphelo ezahlukeneyo, imilo ukuze tapered, kunye ngeentende elide, emi ecaleni asezantsi, kwakunye evulekileyo okanye ivaliwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba ufuna ukuba uqhuba lula ngakumbi yaye ngokukhawuleza emhlabeni, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhetha ezintendeni ezibaziweyo, eyandisiweyo kukuthi, abayi kuvumela lweziqalelo lunganikezela imikhosi ukuba abambele ebandayo ikhefu, njengoko oku kungenzeka ukukhafula ntsika.

Ziziphi ezinye iintlobo kwesiseko imfumba

Ukuqwalasela iintlobo isiseko mfumba, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo eziliqela izibonda ziya kuthatha inxaxheba ekwakheni. Kubalulekile ukuthatha ingqalelo ukubaluleka kwento kunye nolwakhiwo uqwalaselo, bahlule iintlobo kwenqumba ixhasa ezi parameters. ukuba phakathi kwezinye izinto ukubalaselisa imfumba enye, asetyenziswa kwiimeko apho kukho imfuneko ukutshintshela umthwalo ukusuka kwindawo yokwakha encinane, ibe yinyaniso, xa ikhaya projekthi, kukho ziintsika. Kaninzi oku ngobuwena kusetyenziswa xa imfumba ngokwayo njenge kwikholam. Ukuba ukhetha ukusebenzisa i kwisiseko mfumba-tape, ukubala inani yezikhala ukuba kwenziwe nguwe. Le ngxaki Ndakholosa ubugcisa. isetyenziswa Le kwisiseko, xa Kucetywa ukwakha isakhiwo elandisiweyo okanye zixhonywe kujikelezo yenkxaso yokwakha. Ukuba sisebenzisa ekuthiwa amatyholo mfumba, umthwalo kuya kuthathwa ngeentsika eziliqela, ezo bakwezolimo phantsi isakhiwo element enye. Sinako sithethe kumhlathi efanayo. Ungasebenzisa intsimi mfumba, le projekthi ibandakanya ilungiselelo yenkqubo nezixhaso footprint yokwakha. Njengomgaqo, isisombululo eso sisetyenziselwa kwiimeko xa isakhiwo enzima enkulu. Iintlobo yezikhala imfumba lesiseko, kungajongwanga yokuhlelwa kwazo, aziwayo kakhulu isetyenziswa kunye isihlenga. It is a iqela okanye monolithic isakhiwo, nto leyo eyenzelwe ukudibanisa inkxaso ezisisigxina.

Iintlobo kunye kwenqwaba isiseko grillage

Igoqo lesiseko, ukwakhiwa leyo esenokuba isiseko isihlenga, maxa wambi phantsi. Lixhotyiswe phantsi komhlaba, lo gama kugcinwe amathuba lokuhambisa umthwalo sigqithiswe indawo isiseko yesakhiwo. Uhlobo lwesibini isiseko - landa, nto leyo ibekwe ngaphezu komhlaba, ngaphandle ithuba yokudlulisela ombane komhlaba. iziseko High ezisetyenziswa kulwakhiwo izakhiwo hydraulic kunye iibhlorho kwezo meko xa isakhiwo icetyelwe phambi kwezibonelelo komhlaba. Njengoko mpawu ziphambili grillage izenzo kufuneka ukudibanisa isakhiwo eziphathekayo kunye yamakariti. Iveliswe ngu isakhiwo yandisa umsebenzi onjalo. Okwangoku xa imivalo yesinyithi zibekwe kwi equleni phantsi inkxaso, ubude bawo kufuneka libelikulu ubude isekela. Oku kuya kuvumela ekwakhiweni isiseko isihlenga ukwenza isakhiwo monolithic.

Isakhiwo kwenqwaba isisekelo

Xa sele kwakhona iintlobo iziseko mfumba, kubalulekile ukuba uqhelane kunye nokwakhiwa isiseko. Le nkqubo iqulathe amaqula, kwakunye amanzi, nto leyo isekelwe izinto zokuxhoma uphahla. Kule zokufunda ziwile ityhubhu, ekufuneka libe kwiiseli ezininzi. Baya retaining steel wire, eya kuba yinxalenye formwork. Ukufudumala isiseko ingqumba ukwenza ayinakwenzeka okanye nzima kakhulu. Xa inkqubo yokwakhiwa umbhobho kufakwa equleni. Xa amaqula ungangenwa ngamanzi, kucetyiswa ukuba wenze lomhlaba ehokweni unyanzeliso. Iza kuba imivalo nkqo ye unyanzeliso, leyo ayinakutshintshwa kwezinye imivalo ngamnye. Emva koko, ebewagqibile kakuhle, nto leyo ifakiwe nophahla obambe njengoko formwork nobumanzi, uzaliswe eziphathekayo.

A izibalo elula ngenani elifunekayo yezikhala

Ukuba uthe wagqiba ukwakha isiseko imfumba, ukubalwa kwenani yezikhala nga kuveliswa yincutshe. Eli nani liya kuxhomekeka ubunzima kunye nolwakhiwo nobukhulu, umgama ongumyinge phakathi iibheringi kufuneka ngolu hlobo. Ukuba sithetha ngayo indlu yamaplanga, inyathelo phakathi ziimfumba kufuneka ilingane eziimitha ezintathu. Kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo amathambo-Ingweletshetshe, ndlu isakhelo ngamaplanga kunye nabo ukuba ezenziwe ngamaplanga. Xa usakha indlu ngekhonkrithi ovundileyo, iibhloko kwento kunye amagwebu eziphathekayo, umgama kufuneka ungabi ngaphezu kwe-2. Kuba iingcingo ukukhanya ukuhamba phakathi iibheringi ziyahluka kuluhlu ukusuka kwiimitha ezi-3 ukuya 3.5. Ukuba umthwalo umoya iyakhwankqisa, umgama liye lancitshiswa 2.5 m. Phambi kokuba ukwakha isiseko igoqo, ukubalwa kwenani yezikhala kufuneka zenziwe enyanzelekileyo. Ngokuba eli cebo kuthathwa ongaphantsi okanye ukwakhiwa kumgangatho wokuqala. Ekuqaleni, inkosi kufuneka amalungiselelo zitsho kwi ezikoneni zezakhiwo. Kutheni kufuneka babeke imfumba kwezo ndawo apho iindonga ngaphakathi langaphandle anamathele, ngokunjalo ethwele iindonga. Screw igoqo-izisekelo ekubaleni isixa uyakwazi ukwenza ngokwayo, ucebisa ukuba umntu ukwenza icebo. Ifunyanwa phakathi ziimfumba kufuneka ukuphawula indawo isekela iindonga ngaphakathi langaphandle ukuze ukuhamba phakathi kwabo akubanga ngaphezu koko echazwe ngasentla, ngokuxhomekeke ubunzima kunye nohlobo ekhaya. Ezinye isithuba kufuneka ugcwalise isekela ukwenzela ukuba umgama phakathi ziimfumba ezikufutshane ke ayisendim ibalwe, ezizezi meters 2 no-3.

isiphelo

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukufakwa isiseko igoqo layo ukucinga ubukho izibonda ezimbini kwindawo apho ibekwe khona eziko okanye isitovu. Isixa yokugqibela iya kuxhomekeka imilinganiselo imfumba imbawula.